Chapter 275: Dunkirk (2)
If Zhang Jun wants to resolve this huge crisis, he must find the problem, and now Rommel is not around, and there is not even a person to discuss, Zhang Jun made himself a pot of tea, while carefully recalling the entire process of the historical Dunkirk retreat, and then finding a way to resolve the crisis.
Historically, Hitler ordered the German troops to stop attacking, and this order later caused controversy, which was considered by many military historians to be a stupid order of Hitler's arbitrary interference in military command. In fact, Hitler's order was based on his considerations, and it could not be reduced solely to his own responsibility. First of all, after the war in northern France became clear, the German army needed to preserve the strength of the armored forces for the next combat operation, and the German General Command had planned to unify Army Group B to complete the final encirclement operation. Second, although the piecemeal counterattacks of the coalition forces were not effective, they increased the concern of some senior German commanders about the attrition of the armored forces, because the rapidly advancing armored forces left the infantry units far behind.
After visiting the headquarters of Army Group A, Hitler considered it necessary to stop the advance of the armored forces in front of the breakthrough and prevent the enemy from breaking through; At the same time, the commander of the Luftwaffe, Goering, assured that the Air Force could take on the task of destroying the coalition forces in the encirclement. Another possible and possibly motivated Hitler's order was the fear that the armoured forces would be trapped in the river outside Dunkirk and would be bogged down in positional warfare, making it impossible to quickly intercept the retreat of the British and French forces. In addition, there are also those who believe that Hitler had a political intention to withdraw part of the British army to Britain, which would be politically conducive to negotiating peace with Britain. However, this decision was opposed by some people, including the commander of the front-line armoured forces, who believed that it should be moved forward.
As a result of the execution of this order, the Anglo-French forces retreated to Dunkirk under the pressure of the German Army Group B in front of them, while Army Group A, which had cut off their retreat, was closer to Dunkirk, but stopped the offensive in the canal area west of Dunkirk and did not gather forces to outflank along the coast, which gave the Anglo-French army a chance to survive. At that time, the coalition forces were fighting for survival, so they strengthened the defensive positions close to Dunkirk. Although the German armoured forces resumed their offensive on 27 June to prevent the Anglo-French retreat from Dunkirk, they were unable to break through in the face of an organized enemy line. The Anglo-French forces succeeded in delaying the German offensive and buying more time for the troops to evacuate Dunkirk.
On 20 June, the German armoured forces cut off the Anglo-French forces from their southern flank, and about 40 divisions of the three Anglo-French armies were surrounded in the Flanders region on the Franco-Belgian border. The Germans then reached the coast of the English Channel, and the allied forces were compressed in the coastal area around Dunkirk, 60 kilometers wide. As early as June 20, the commander of the British expeditionary force, Lord Gott, began to raise the possibility of retreat. Britain began to prepare for a retreat from the sea, and the Navy developed a plan to organize the retreat, hoping to evacuate 10,000 people a day. On June 26, the British Navy ordered a retreat operation codenamed "Dynamo".
Britain's retreat plan faced several difficulties. First, the Luftwaffe sank many ships in the port area of Dunkirk, making it very difficult to get in and out of the waterways. U-submarines in the vicinity of the sea also pose a great threat to any surface vessels. The beach area west of Dunkirk is not deep enough for Royal Navy destroyers and transports to be anchored just 1.6 kilometres from the coast, and the most serious problem is that the number of ships at Britain's disposal is too small.
The execution of the retreat plan was carried out by the Dover-based Bertram? Commanded by Vice Admiral Ramsay, the first step was to move transport vehicles, food and medical facilities to Dover to cope with the incoming arrival of a large number of troops. He then set up a very effective communication network to keep the operation running smoothly. On the first day, the Luftwaffe bombarded Dunkirk, bombing the harbor into ruins and preventing the Allied forces from retreating, and the British Navy warships were unable to get close to the beach due to the draft, and the retreat was slow, and on June 27 only more than 7,000 people were evacuated. The most optimistic estimate was that the British would be able to successfully withdraw 46,000 troops before the Germans occupied the beach area, but in terms of the efficiency of the first day, it would take the British 40 days to evacuate all the personnel. If Britain were unable to bring most of the expeditionary force back to their homeland, it was likely that their basic defense capability on land would be destroyed in the face of a possible German ground offensive that would break out later.
Vice Admiral Ramsay made an urgent appeal to civilians to provide any available vessels, mobilizing all available warships and civilian vessels, as well as numerous amateur sailors and private boat owners, who drove more than 860 barges, freighters, motorboats, fishing boats, and even fancy yachts and even river vessels. Braving German planes, submarines, and artillery, he shuttled back and forth between the Channels to bring groups of Allied officers and soldiers back to the British mainland. The British used all forces on the ground, at sea and in the air to support this retreat,
Bad weather in the Dunkirk area on June 28 prevented German air strikes and nearly 17,000 people were evacuated. After the start of the retreat, the Germans intensified their ground offensive and attacked the Anglo-French convoys from the air and sea. The British did their best to hold their eastern and western flanks in order to maintain the retreat to the shores of the Channel, and intensified the boarding of their troops, using various small boats as ferries and sinking trucks into the sea as boarding trestles for the extension of the beach. The bombs dropped by the Germans exploded on the beach by the sea. On 29 June, 47,000 men were evacuated, while an estimated 2,000 non-commissioned officers were sent off the French coast every hour. On 30 June, fog caused a reduction in visibility and again prevented German air strikes, and the coalition withdrew nearly 50,000 troops. On June 31, the number of evacuees reached 68,000.
The encirclement of Dunkirk gradually narrowed, but the Germans could not prevent the Allied forces from withdrawing their troops from the sea. In order to cover the ground retreat, the British Air Force dispatched a total of 2,739 fighter sorties for air cover, an average of 300 sorties per day, effectively resisting the German air raids. Despite heavy losses under the Luftwaffe attack, more than 60,000 men were withdrawn on 1 June.
As a result of German air strikes and artillery fire approaching Dunkirk beach, the retreat began on 2 June to be carried out at night. For the next three days, the coalition used the cover of darkness to evacuate 26,000 men a day to Britain. On June 4, the Germans captured Dunkirk, and the 40,000 French ** team that had not been able to evacuate in time after serving as the queen was captured.
The retreat began on June 26 and ended on June 4, lasting nine days. A total of 338,226 troops were evacuated from Dunkirk to Britain, including about 216,000 British troops, about 96,000 French troops, and about 33,000 Belgian troops. The United Kingdom, France, Belgium and the Netherlands used 861 ships at the same time, including small vessels such as fishing boats, passenger ferries, yachts and lifeboats. In just 10 days, this unprecedented "Dunkirk fleet" saved 340,000 troops from the death crisis, preserved a large amount of vital combat strength for the Allied counteroffensive in the future, and created a huge miracle in the history of World War II.
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After understanding the cause and effect of the matter, Zhang Jun determined that it was impossible for Britain to negotiate peace with Germany, and Hitler's wish was wishful thinking, in the case of Britain losing a large number of elite troops, Zhang Jun was sure that Britain's war potential would be greatly reduced, and Britain's population would be tens of millions, and it was possible to organize millions of new troops, but it was really unknown how much combat effectiveness there would be without recruits led by veterans.
Later generations are also exaggerating the rhetoric, saying that Britain will be unable to resist the German attack after losing the 300,000 troops in Dunkirk, this statement is one-sided and incomplete, Britain as the number one colonial country, also has a population of 47 million, plus the population of the colony is 400 million, a large number of colonies, American aid, etc., Zhang Jun can be sure that even if Britain loses the 300,000 elites in Dunkirk, it will also choose to resist, and will also arm a large number of troops in a short period of time. Britain, with the support of the United States, has this strength at all, and there is no doubt about this.
It is now June 23rd, according to the report of the meteorological department, from the 28th of this month, there will be pseudo-bad weather in the English Channel, and then all the planes will not be able to take off because of the bad weather, if they do not attack at this time, all British ships will appear in the port of Dunkirk with swagger five days later.
The time is only five days, and now the strength of the British aircraft is not weak, because of various reasons, the air force of the British and French forces has not played much of a role, and now all the planes of the British and French forces will be concentrated in the Dunkirk area, so that the air strength of the British and French forces will be greatly strengthened, not in the previous scattered use, and the air force of the British and French forces, with the strong support of the United States, is much stronger than the Soviet Union, that is, at this time, the British and French have more than 3,000 aircraft, and the German planes because of some losses in the war, and more than 2,800 of them went.
Of course, Germany's "Sixth Master" and BF109 are more advanced than the aircraft of these two countries, but the American jet P59 and the British Meteor are also very good, and the German aircraft replenishment speed is not even one-fifth of that of these three countries.
In this case, Zhang Jun also understands Hitler's painstaking efforts, if he wants to fight the Anglo-French forces in the Dunkirk encirclement, it means that Zhang Jun must put all his air force more than 2,800 planes into the Dunkirk area and the Anglo-French air force for a strategic decisive battle, and at the same time all tanks, armored vehicles, and infantry launched a comprehensive onslaught on the Dunkirk area at the same time, annihilating all the British and French forces in the Dunkirk area in one fell swoop.
is how big the loss will be, this is the key, because Hitler ordered Zhang Jun not to fight Dunkirk, and Zhang Jun, as the supreme commander of the front, is determined to fight, that is, to directly resist Hitler's order, anyway, Zhang Jun is not the first to disobey, if Zhang Jun wins, and the price paid is very small, what Zhang Jun has nothing to do, and the other is that Zhang Jun has suffered heavy losses, whether he wins or loses, Zhang Jun's life will not be easy, and falling into the well is the strength of the Wehrmacht's gang of turtle grandsons.
…… (To be continued.) )