Chapter 194: Enthronement and Becoming Emperor
In the early 20th century, when the United States was gradually advancing from the world's largest GDP power to the world hegemon, the United States was an out-and-out-stirring stick in world politics.
Before the Song Emperor's formal and grand accession to the throne, the United States gave a generous gift, which greatly enhanced the Song Emperor's prestige at home and abroad, and played a very key role in the Song Emperor's consolidation of his political power and the emperor's legal status.
It is said that Ben withdrew from the status of a privileged country, because he was a defeated country, which was an axiom before World War II, and you will have to pay the price if you are defeated.
The United States also announced its withdrawal at this time, which really put Britain, France, Russia and Germany in an extremely embarrassing state, and the United States announced that it would give up these privileges because the United States itself has no real privileges in China, and after giving it up, it can get more benefits and preferential terms.
Soon, the United States will get enough returns, in the 175 industrial plans, almost half of the 53 foreign joint venture projects will be reserved for the United States, according to the Imperial Congress to introduce the "Concession Enterprise Approval Act", finance, communications, postal, rail, tobacco, salt, securities and other industries will be within the scope of state approval, by the political axe to approve the issuance of franchise licenses.
For example, in the case of railways, the central government will only consider approving the participation of three large companies in the construction and operation of railways in China: the Far East Railway Corporation based on the Northeast Railway Network, the Central South Railway Corporation based on the Guangdong-Hanzhou Railway and the Jiangsu-Zhejiang Railway, and the state-owned China Central Railway Corporation.
The Central South Railway Corporation is the most unique of the three railroad companies, not only is it a directly listed company, but also allows U.S. capital that has signed a Reciprocal Treaty to invest in the company's original shares, participate in the creation of the business, and operate the railroad.
Within the basic business scope of the Central South Railway Corporation, if a number of Jiangsu-Zhejiang railways originally held by Jardine Matheson cannot obtain franchise licenses, they will be disqualified from operating and cease operation within a fixed number of years.
In the banking industry, banking licenses are divided into municipal, provincial and national levels, that is, only allowed to operate in the city, province and the whole country.
Song Biao's series of methods is like a free-to-play online game in the 21st century, designed with all kinds of restrictions, ostensibly allowing you to play for free, but in fact forcing you to pay for privileges.
It is almost impossible and arduous to force Britain, France, Russia and Germany to give up their privileges in China, but it doesn't matter, Song Biao has time to slowly toss this matter, and in the case of direct negotiations with Britain, France, Russia and Germany, under his instructions, the cabinet will first negotiate with countries such as Belgium, Italy, and Denmark, and sign more Sino-foreign trade and reciprocal treaties on the basis and template of the "Sino-US Reciprocal Treaty" as soon as possible, so as to further create a favorable situation on a large scale, and at the same time negotiate with Portugal and demand the recovery of Macao.
Song Biao was not in a hurry to take back Hong Kong, a task that would require long-term effort, but he could intimidate Britain and force Britain to back down by taking back Macau first, or even only by making tough negotiations with Portugal.
Seeing that he was about to officially ascend the throne, Song Biao tried his best to force and lure foreign countries to submit to him, and gave him a real gift of benefits when he ascended the throne and became emperor, and on the other hand, he also kept intimidating the local armed forces of Liangguang and Yungui, and sent people to negotiate with Ma Jiajun in Gansu and Ningxia, asking Lu Rongting and Long Jiguang of Liangguang and Yungui to avoid it on their own and not wait for him to make a move, and Ma Jiajun only needs to recognize the supreme authority of the central political axe for the time being.
On the issue of Outer Mongolia, Song Biao did not have any room for negotiation at all, on the issue of foreign [***] standing, this is simply the most bizarre thing since he became emperor, his side has defeated the main force of the army, and the main force of the Northeast Army can be transferred back to Outer Mongolia at any time, several princes of Outer Mongolia actually announced that they could read the power.
It's stupid.
Could it be that the 2nd and 3rd Cavalry Divisions of the Northeast Army are just decorations?
At this time, the 2nd Cavalry Division had occupied Uriya Sutai, and the 3rd Cavalry Division also occupied Kulen and controlled the Kulen Living Buddha Jebzundamba VIII, in fact, this one was the culprit who provoked reading, but he was a political leader and one of the four living Buddhas, Song Biao had no choice but to control him, and he also claimed that he was deceived and held hostage by some people and Russians, and he had no idea of reading.
Lamaism has absolutely wonderful benefits for controlling the population of Mongolia, and it is obvious that it needs to be further supported, otherwise why would Kangqian and other emperors be so keen on this.
Song Biao was also very active in this, but the Third Cavalry Division was stationed in Kulen, and the newly established Sixth, Seventh, and Eighth Cavalry Brigades would also be stationed in the Outer Mongolia region.
The population of the Mongolian nationality is small, and the total number of people in the reading force is only a few thousand, half of which are lamas and monks, and before the third cavalry division arrived in Kulen, the other party fled from Kulen in embarrassment, all the way to Tangnu Ulianghai and Russia, because the light cavalry unit of the second cavalry division has intercepted the most important living Buddha of Jebzundamba in advance, so the cavalry unit of the Northeast Army will not continue to clear the rebels for the time being, but will first stand on holding Outer Mongolia.
It was in this special domestic and foreign environment that Song Biao finally officially ascended the throne in the Taihe Hall of the Forbidden City on July 15, 1911, at this time the interior of the Forbidden City had removed some Manchu features, as much as possible to restore the situation of the late Ming Dynasty, and the dragon robe worn by Song Biao was also based on the dragon robe of the Ming Dynasty.
According to Zhang Binglin and the former Dynasty Rites Department of the right attendant Lang Huang Xi, the head of the academy Li Dianlin and others to compile the "Imperial Imperial Etiquette", the emperor has three types of formal imperial clothing, the first series of the Guangfu Dragon Zhang dress, respectively based on the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty for redesign and improvement, divided into bright yellow, vermilion background white brocade dragon pattern, white background sea blue dragon pattern three kinds, the selection of the basic pattern and dragon pattern based on the Ming Dynasty, there are six basic patterns of dragon, sitting dragon, sleeping dragon, dragon, dragon and other basic Twelve Dragons patterns.
Compared with the dragon robe of the Ming Dynasty, the new dragon robe adopts some Western-style cutting techniques, adopts a round mouth stand-up collar, the cuffs continue to shrink a little, the boots have changed greatly, and the design style similar to snow boots is adopted, and the surface is a whole piece of soft deerskin and antelope skin, with deerskin as the first choice, and the skin is bright yellow, vermilion, brown, black, and white.
The second series is the European-style classical emperor dress, which is mainly used to choose and use when receiving foreign guests, and the actual use is relatively small, at most it is only used for political public relations in Europe and the United States according to some propaganda styles, so as to show that China is Westernizing and modernizing.
The third series is the regular costume, which absorbs some elements from the traditional Chinese costume, combined with some cuts and rules of Western-style dresses, and designs a new style of Tang costume, collectively known as the Guangfu Tang costume, which is basically similar to the modern Tang costume, requiring the traditional tuan brocade pattern, Fu pattern and moire pattern.
As the emperor said that the emperor often wears the most often worn imperial clothes, the design of the third series is the most, and the ordinary Tang costume is different, this series of dragon medals in the requirements are more luxurious, a large number of basic patterns of the twelve dragon chapters and dragon patterns, corresponding to three kinds of Guangfu Dragon Medal dresses, there are also bright yellow, vermilion background white group brocade dragon pattern, white background sea blue dragon pattern three kinds.
Absorbing the idea of the logo of the foreign royal family, the imperial family adopted the general name of the "Song Dynasty", and based on the three dragon patterns with yellow patterns on a red background, the family logo was used in royal clothing and various supplies, including gifts given by the royal family to the military attachés of the courtiers, and gifts to foreign countries should also have this logo.
On July 15, 1911, Song Biao ascended the throne in a bright yellow dress of the Guangfu Dragon Chapter, and the court clothes of the cabinet ministers were based on the regular clothes of the Wanli Emperor, using purple silk satin and green python patterns, and the high specifications of the winged crown were uniformly used.
In addition to the emperor's royal family and cabinet ministers, other political axe officials and internal court officials did not have special official dresses, other officials wore suits, and soldiers wore military dresses, simplifying other unnecessary configurations, and the entire enthronement ceremony did not require too many people to attend, and the parliamentarians and party representatives uniformly wore new Tang costumes to attend, and the color was mainly vermilion.
The enthronement ceremony begins at 2 a.m., officially opens at 7 a.m., and officially enthrones the emperor at 9 o'clock, accepts the worship of cabinet officials and members of the National Assembly, and then accepts the congratulations of foreign ministers and envoys of various countries, and officially submits credentials, including the submission of enthronement letters to other countries.
Until 12 noon, a state banquet was held at the Bohol Hall for cabinet ministers, parliamentarians, and special envoys of various countries.
The initial preparations of the Inner Court were much more complicated, and it was not until 9 o'clock in the evening that Song Biao simplified some of them, anyway, it was a formality for him, and based on this, he officially and openly determined his identity as the Shenwu Emperor of the Chinese Empire in China and around the world.
From this day on, the Shenwu era will be mandatory to be used throughout the country, and the imperial year and the Common Era will be used at the same time, with the former being the main and official use, and the latter being supplementary.
The state banquet ceremony did not officially end until 2 p.m., and the entire enthronement ceremony ended at 4 p.m.
After walking for a long time, Song Biao, who had been sitting for a long time, felt very tired all over, and it happened to be summer, and he was sweating a few times, but fortunately there were three baths and changes in the middle, otherwise he would be covered in stinky sweat.
In the evening, he changed into a regular suit, wearing a white brocade dragon pattern Tang costume with a vermilion background, and returned to Xuanzheng Garden to continue the banquet for thirty-three cabinet ministers.
Although the current cabinet is the first cabinet of the empire, it is basically perfect in terms of administrative system, with 14 ministries of foreign affairs, finance, justice, army, navy, civil affairs, agriculture, industry, commerce, police, culture and education (culture and education), transportation, land and resources, and religion, as well as 14 general bureaus and general administrations of the New Deal, Inner Court, science and technology, water conservancy, taxation, coast guard, customs, post and telecommunications, industry and commerce, quality inspection, auditing, environment, health, geology, and patrol, plus the governor of the central bank and the chairman of the Financial and Securities Regulatory Commission. and the General Directorate of National Intelligence, the General Directorate of Central Investigation, which are part of the intelligence and investigation agencies, plus the Prime Minister, for a total of 33 Cabinet Ministers.
Although Chancellor of the Exchequer Teo Kang-jen concurrently holds the post of governor of the central bank, Sun Hengfu, deputy governor of the central bank, has also been included in the cabinet seats, so he still retains the total number of 33 cabinet ministers.
In the ranking of the 14 ministries, in the event of the accidental death of the prime minister, the foreign minister will temporarily assume the post of prime minister, and so on, and after the death of the minister of foreign affairs, finance, and justice, the secretary of war will also serve as the prime minister.
Therefore, the Minister of Foreign Affairs can be referred to simply as the Foreign Minister, which is actually equivalent to the Deputy Prime Minister.
In accordance with the provisions of the First Constitution, the Ministry of the Army, the Ministry of the Navy, the Ministry of Police, the Ministry of Coast Guard, the General Administration of State Patrol, the General Administration of State Intelligence, and the General Directorate of Central Investigation are all directly appointed by the Emperor, and the actual administrative work is also directly under the direct control of the Emperor, and the rest are nominated by the Prime Minister.
Compared with the Tsar, the biggest difference between the Chinese Emperor and the Chinese Emperor is the number of appointed members of the National Assembly, the former appoints all state-owned parliamentarians, while the latter only appoints 1/3 of them.
Although only half of the 33 cabinet ministers were personally appointed and nominated by Song Biao, they can still be called the emperor's cabinet, which is basically controlled by him, and there are also many political alliances and compromises, such as Liang Qichao as the minister of culture and education, which is a compromise in itself, in order to draw the reform faction into the scope of the imperial party, there are also 15 seats in the parliament, and it can also play a role at a critical moment.
Among the 33 cabinet ministers, the China Liberation Party, which was merged by the Xinhua Society, the Chinese Revolutionary Party, and the Guangfu Society, accounted for 20 seats, the New Politics and Power Council accounted for 6 seats, the Ming Cook Party accounted for 3 seats, the Reform and Progress Association accounted for 2 seats, the Constituent Assembly accounted for 2 seats, and the Imperial Party in a broad sense accounted for the majority.
The Ming Cook Party was not very satisfied, they wanted more, but this could not be blamed on the Song Emperor, the emperor initially proposed Mr. Sun Yat-sen to take the post of Minister of Religion, Sun Yat-sen himself disagreed, wanted to be the chairman of the Central Railway Corporation, and asked to place the company's headquarters in the Shanghai Concession, in fact, it was to use the railway privileges and foreign political and business contacts to maintain their influence in foreign society.
How could Song Biao agree, not to mention that Sun Yat-sen really didn't understand railways, and the six railway lines decided later in the Republic of China were all bullshit, wasting a lot of hard-earned money in the Republic of China, and none of them were successfully repaired.
In addition, Huang Xing refused the nomination of the director of the General Administration of Science and Technology, stared at the position of the General Administration of Customs and failed to get what he wanted, and finally put on a high posture and left, and the Ming Cook Party changed from the original 5 seats to 3 seats, as the emperor, Song Biao abides by the basic arrangements of the first 5 seats, you don't want to yourself, it is definitely impossible to change a good position, in other words, the General Administration of Science and Technology and the General Administration of Religion are exactly the most critical positions for the empire.
Generally speaking, this is still a grand coalition political axe centered on the imperial party, and the Liberation Party is jointly governed by the New Political Council and the Restoration Party, which basically monopolizes most of the seats in the National Assembly and occupies the absolute position of the ruling party.
There will be no official business to talk about at tonight's banquet, and the things that should be talked about have been talked about in the past few days.
After the state banquet in the evening, Song Biao saw the cabinet ministers leave the Xuanzheng Garden, and then went to Yufeng Garden with Queen Shu Xuan, and took the moonlight to enjoy the scenery by the lotus pond pond in Zhonghai.
After working hard for so long, he finally officially became the emperor of the empire, and was unanimously recognized by the whole country and abroad, and since then he has stabilized his throne, and he does not have to worry about a tragic end like Yuan Shikai.
Wearing a vermilion background white brocade dragon pattern Tang costume, Song Biao felt quite comfortable, the costume was very comfortable, making people feel comfortable, and their hearts were more comfortable, in short, in a very good feeling and state.
China's China, that's what makes it so interesting.
After ascending the throne, Song Biao really wanted to continue to rest temporarily as before, and control everything behind the scenes, but as soon as he ascended the throne, he began to slack off, which inevitably had a very bad impact.
If you don't go to court, you are faint.
But where did the empire have such an arrangement?
Zhang Binglin thought of a compromise solution, every morning, Song Biao took turns to meet with some cabinet ministers in the office of Xuanzheng Garden, limited to one week, to ensure that every cabinet minister had one morning to meet the emperor and report on affairs.
This is simply to exhaust the Song Emperor to death.
It's just that he has just ascended the throne, so he can only arrange it this way for the time being, but fortunately, the meeting time is relatively short, and if there is something, he will discuss for an hour, and if there is nothing to do, it will symbolize the end of the meeting with the surname in half an hour.
This method is very earthy, because now is the era of telegraph and telephone, and the secretariat around the emperor can directly get the latest government affairs from various ministries every day, and after the secretariat has counted and sorted out, it will be reported to the emperor according to the priority of the matter.
If the emperor thinks that the matter is important, he can ask the prime minister and ask the prime minister and cabinet ministers to pay attention, and if it is not important, then wait for the prime minister and cabinet ministers to deal with the situation, and if he is satisfied, he will not speak, and if he is not satisfied, he will teach two lessons.
Therefore, the pro-government system designed by Zhang Binglin is very earthy and formalistic, and Song Biaosuo's surname is regarded as a tea party, and a small-scale symposium is held with several cabinet ministers every morning, so as to win over feelings and so on.
In this period, after a year of running-in and adaptation, the imperial cabinet has basically entered a more formal stage of operation, and it is no longer as messy as before, plus most of the cabinet ministers are old bureaucrats from the Northeast Department and the New Deal Strong Council, and the provincial officials are also the way in which the officials of the former dynasty and the representatives of the main regions of the Liberation Party are combined with each other, and the politics of the central and provincial governments are basically moving forward steadily according to the rhythm of the previous dynasty, and the army is stable and politically stable. It's just that the country's sense of reform and administrative management are more modern, and the system is more perfect.
The taxation organs of the State Administration of Taxation have penetrated down to the county level, and the northeast, Zhili, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang have all reached the town level, and the situation of the political and financial affairs has gradually improved in the past few months, but although there is the General Administration of Customs, the actual control of the customs is still in the hands of British and foreign employees.
Everything is moving forward in an orderly manner, and even if the work plan can satisfy Song Biao, or even Tang Shaoyi and other cabinet ministers, it is at least more stable and orderly and progressive than the Manchu Qing period.
Ouyang Geng is in charge of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is reaching an agreement with Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands and other countries on the final reciprocal treaty, especially the most intense persecution of Italy and Austria-Hungary, in the eight-nation coalition, these two are purely soy sauce and white things, both Ben and the United States have given up the Gengzi indemnity, as well as the various privileges stolen in China, and the rest of course to force Italy and Austria-Hungary.
After disposing of all the small countries and creating a fait accompli of the international surname, the cabinet political axe went to force Britain, France, Germany and Russia again.
Grand Duke Mikhail of Russia had not yet left Yanjing at this time, and he came to Beijing in advance to congratulate Song Biao on his proclamation as emperor, and hoped that Song Biao would agree to Russia's request to continue to sublease Port Arthur to Russia on the grounds that Russia had contributed the most to China's victory in winning the war, and to extend the lease period of Port Arthur and Dalian for another 50 years.
On this basis, Russia can follow the precedent of the three eastern provinces and give up other privileges in China.
Song Biao didn't agree, because it was impossible, but he couldn't afford to turn his face with Russia because of this.
France was silent.
Germany is still waiting to see if it is possible to return control of Shandong to China in general, but only if China and Germany sign at least a "strategic reciprocity treaty" similar to that between China and the United States, and retain the lease of the port of Qingdao, and the rest can be similar to that of the United States.
Britain is half of the concession and half of the concession, the Shanghai concession and the Hong Kong lease are absolutely not returned, and the others can be compared to the United States, but it is unwilling to give up the Gengzi indemnity, and Weihaiwei is not willing to negotiate a settlement, Tianjin and Hankou can be returned, and the right to drive inland rivers is hoped to be retained.
The New Testament negotiations will be a very long problem, and Song Biao also knows that it cannot be solved immediately, so he waits slowly, observing the situation behind the scenes.
Song Biao was officially enthroned as emperor on July 15, and the empire was about to usher in the commemoration of the first anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China on August 1.
The following morning, Song Biao happened to convene a meeting of the Central Military Department as an observer to formally sum up the Sino-Chinese Xinhai War and formulate a new program for the development of the whole military to guide the development plan of the Central Military Forces in the next 10 years.
The meeting was held in the conference hall of Xuanzheng Garden, and officially began at 9 o'clock in the morning, before that, the Minister of the Navy Cheng Biguang, the Minister of War Shu Fangde, and the Second Army Overseer Duan Qirui arrived at Song Biao's imperial study first, and met Song Biao in the side hall of Yihua Hall on the side of the imperial study.
Song Biao was on the low couch, leaning on the coffee table on the low couch to read some of the latest information and information, and the three of them entered the side hall, bowed to the emperor in unison, and waited for the order respectfully.
Song Biaozheng saw the test data of the new artillery in Germany and the Benxi Arsenal, which is very important and will determine the technology of China's 75mm field artillery, light field artillery and light cavalry artillery in the next two decades, and it is also of vital value for 88mm and 105mm caliber light and heavy field artillery.
Since 1906, the Far East Arsenal of the Northeast Army has taken the initiative to propose joint investment with Germany to develop a new type of long-process gun control device, and the Northeast has contributed funds and sent people to participate in the development, and Germany has contributed people, Germany was not enthusiastic about this at first, but with the successful development of the new type of body control device, it is obviously better than the short-stroke control device used by Germany in the artillery in the experimental test of the new artillery, and the two sides have conducted a large number of tests in the Krupp company and the Benxi Arsenal, This new type of brake will be widely used in medium and low-caliber artillery, and new 75mm and 88mm guns will be jointly developed.
Although this technology was not used in the Sino-Chinese Xinhai War, it will play a very crucial role in the future development of artillery technology in China and Germany, and it can be said that the foundation of artillery technology in the next 20 years will be laid here.
(To be continued)