Chapter 447 Dazai Qianyuan

On the morning of January 22, Liu Bingzhong, who was in charge of the urban planning of the new city of the Mongolian capital, introduced the layout of the new city of Dadu to Kublai Khan in detail during the court meeting, according to Liu Bingzhong's planning, the whole new city of Dadu became a long pattern of slightly longer from north to south, and the imperial palace was located in the south of the city, which was a square, of which the lake occupied nearly half of the area, divided into the south lake and the north lake. The city gate of the capital city is set as eleven gates, the north is the Jiande Gate, the Anzhen Gate, the south is the Shunchengmen, the Lizheng Gate, the Wenming Gate, the west is the Suqing Gate, the Heyi Gate, the Pingze Gate, the east is the Guangxi Gate, the Chongren Gate, the Qihua Gate.

After listening to the introduction, Kublai Khan looked at the floor plan and said, "Liu Aiqing, just build it like this." Now that the main project of the Imperial City has been completed, how long will it take to build the entire Shangdu New City? ”

"Back to the Great Khan, the minister expects that it will take another two years to see the beginning of the project, and it will take at least ten years to complete the project."

"Good!" Kublai Khan was satisfied, "Liu Aiqing, when building the new city of Dadu, no matter what problems you encounter, you can come directly to Ben Khan. ”

"Yes, Great Khan."

Liu Bingzhong's design and planning of Shangdu New City laid the foundation for Beijing, the capital city of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Historically, Dadu was known as the winter capital of the Yuan Dynasty, while Kaiping, the original central capital, was known as the summer capital.

Kublai Khan laughed and said to the officials in the big tent: "At the beginning of this month, the old man (referring to the monk Zicong, that is, Liu Bingzhong, etc.) went to the court and applied for the chapter, saying that it has been a great cause, and it is advisable to set a name for it as soon as possible. This matter is on the right track, ladies and gentlemen, at the court meeting on the first day of the next month, the new name of our dynasty will be drawn up. ”

"Yes, Great Khan."

The Mongolian national teacher Ba Si Pa played: "Great Khan, the new Mongolian character created by the ministers has been completed a few days ago, please review it by the Great Khan." ”

"National teacher, this Khan will discuss this matter with you and others in the near future and retire from the court."

The new Mongolian characters mentioned by Phags-pa were developed according to the Tibetan script of the time, and were used to replace the Mongolian script with inaccurate phonetic pronunciation.

On the first day of the second month, Kublai Khan convened a special court meeting in the big tent of the Dadu Palace to discuss the change of the name of Mongolia.

"Ministers, see the Great Khan."

"No courtesy." Kublai Khan said, "Ladies and gentlemen, what are your suggestions for discussing the new name of Mongolia today?" ”

Liu Bingzhong first played: "Great Khan, the minister proposed, can be established to be called 'Da Yuan', covering the meaning of 'Da Zai Qianyuan' in the Book of Changes. ”

The word Dazai Qianyuan comes from the Book of Changes, which means, "The sky is very vast." ”

Hao Jing, Yao Shu, Xu Heng and other Han ministers understood the meaning of Dazai Qianyuan, and they all agreed: "Great Khan, Lord Liu's proposal is very good, and the ministers seconded it. ”

On behalf of shamanism, Yin Tianya said: "I am boundless, and it is very appropriate to use the term 'Dazai Qianyuan' to express it, and the deity agrees. ”

Immediately, various Mongolian forces such as Zhenjin, Boyan, Baspa, and Ahma also expressed their support for Liu Bingzhong's proposal.

"Da Yuan, Da Yuan, 'Da Zai Qianyuan', good, good Da Yuan." Kublai Khan laughed and said, "It's decided, Zhenjin, you handle this matter with the emperor, Liu Aiqing, Yao Shu and Yao Aiqing." ”

"Yes, Father Khan."

Kublai Khan was in a good mood, and continued: "Liu Aiqing listens to the seal. ”

"The minister is here."

"Liu Aiqing, in recognition of your contribution to the design and construction of the capital city and the new palace, Ben Khan named you the Guanglu Doctor Taibao, participated in the Chinese book to save trouble, and was promoted from the first rank."

Liu Bingzhong was surprised for a moment, knelt down and thanked: "Minister Liu Bingzhong thanks the Great Khan for his gift." ”

Although Dr. Guanglu is only a position of a civil official, since the Yuan Dynasty, it has been the official title of Congyipin, and his title is equivalent to the first level of the county king. In the entire Yuan Dynasty, the Han people received such honorable honors, and Liu Bingzhong was the only one. After Liu Bingzhong's death, Kublai Khan gave him the title of Taifu, the Duke of Zhao Guo, and the title of Wenzhen. During the period of Yuan Chengzong, he was posthumously presented as a Taishi, and he was Wenzheng. When Renzong, he entered the king of Changshan again. Liu Bingzhong was proficient in Yi Shu, and Yin Tianya taught shaman secret techniques, and a few years later, he was even better than the blue, becoming the most outstanding master of Yi in the Yuan Dynasty.

In the legend of later generations, Liu Bingzhong can know the things up and down for five hundred years, according to the Ming Dynasty's first assistant Zhu Guozhen's "Yongbu Sketch" record, during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, Liu Bingzhong's tomb was stolen, and there is a stone carving that says: Li Huai, a thief. The matter reached the government, and the tomb robber was arrested, and it was indeed Li Huai. Of course, the accuracy of the ancient records is yet to be verified.

"Liu Aiqing, flat. Ladies and gentlemen, according to the advice of the gods, Ben Khan decided to enter the Xincheng Palace on the 25th of the auspicious day of this month. ”

In the "Yuan History. In the "Shizu Benji", there is a very simple sentence that can summarize the reason for Kublai Khan's transformation from the Mongol Khan to the Chinese emperor, this passage is precise and appropriate, and the text says: "The ancestor is magnificent, knows people well, credits Confucianism, and uses the ability to change the Xia and establish the Chen Ji, so it is a generation of makers, and the scale is also far-reaching." ”

On the surface, the Yuan Dynasty and the Mongolian State were only different names, but their meanings were quite different.

On February 25, Kublai Khan entered the new palace in Dadu, and held the first court meeting in the new palace, the first court meeting of the Great Yuan Dynasty.

Kublai Khan sat on the golden steps in front of the main hall, looked at the entire palace hall with satisfaction, and bowed down after receiving the great salute of the hundred officials: "Ladies and gentlemen, Ben Khan hereby announces that our Mongolian country will be officially renamed the Great Yuan Empire from today, and the country will be called the Great Yuan. Ben Khan is the first emperor of the Great Yuan Empire, and my Great Yuan Empire not only includes the Mongols, the Semu people of the Western Regions, but also the Han people, the Jin people, the Tubo people, etc., and the Qing and so on perform their duties, maintain the status quo, and so on to eliminate the Southern Dynasty, after the unification of the world, this Khan will be rewarded for his merits. Ladies and gentlemen, as for the significance of changing the name of the country, Ben Khan has repeatedly emphasized, that is, Ben Khan must not only consistently maintain the unity of the Mongol Empire, maintain the traditions of the Mongol people, but also become the ruler of the Central Plains Dynasty. ”

The ministers in the main hall all looked solemn and listened carefully to Kublai Khan's declaration: "Born in the world, the four seas are honored; There must be a good name, Shao Baiwang and discipline. Zhao Conglongu, my family alone. And Tang Zhi is also a word, and Yao is famous for it; Yu Zhi is also happy to speak, and Shun is called because of it. Tame to Yuxing and soup made, mutual name Xia Da to Yinzhong. The world has been returned, and things are not ancient. Although there is a country by time, it is not called by profit. For the Qin and Han people, the name of the place from the beginning; It is said that the Sui and Tang Dynasty are the titles of the lords. It is a habit that favors the people to see and hear, and it is expedient to be controlled for a while, and it is not without depreciation. My Taizu Emperor Shengwu, holding the dry talisman and rising the soil, with the divine martial arts and the emperor's map, the four earthquakes of the sky, the great restoration of the earth, the breadth of the map, unprecedented in history. It is said that it has been a great cause, and it should be set in the name of the famous as soon as possible. Of course, in the ancient system, what is there in my heart. The name of the founding of the country is called Dayuan, and the meaning of "Qianyuan" is taken from the Book of Changes. The manifold of Zdaye is in the product, which is the first work of the name; To give one person the bottom of the ten thousand states, especially the body of benevolence. Things follow the cause of change, and the Taoist Association is a celestial person. Yu play! Righteous and famous, the bandit is overflowing with beauty; Fu Xiu is eternal, and it is not yet worth the difficulties. Jia and Futian, Gonglong tuba. ”

Kublai Khan's voice was loud and full of energy, so that the ministers could hear it clearly.

It can be seen from this "Edict of the Founding of the People's Republic of China" that the Yuan Dynasty established by Kublai Khan is a continuation of China's feudal dynasty, and is the continuation of Yao Shunyu Tang, Qin, Han, Sui and Tang Dynasties. The edict also regarded the great cause of unification from Genghis Khan to Kublai Khan as a "great cause" that "had never been seen in ancient times", that is, this achievement was incomparable to any monarch in ancient times, so the name of the nation "Mongolia" was no longer enough to express the meaning of the new dynasty.

Kublai Khan is very clear that the current situation is the top priority of the Song and Mongolian wars, in the Mongolian army, the number of Han soldiers has exceeded the Mongolian soldiers, and in the court, the weight of the Han ministers is also getting heavier and heavier, at the same time, the siege of Xiangyang in the Southern Dynasty is a long-term and continuous campaign, which requires a large amount of grain and grass armaments, most of these military supplies rely on the cultivation and manufacturing of the Han people, so Kublai Khan also hopes to use the Great Yuan Empire to envelop the hearts of the Han people.

Of course, there are pros and cons to everything, and although Kublai Khan's approach was of great benefit to his intention to unify the Central Plains, it was also because of this that Genghis Khan's other descendants seemed to find a reason to rebel, and then announced their independence from Kublai Khan's control, so much so that Haidu, which had supported Ali Buge, formed an anti-Kublai Khan alliance in West Asia and Central Asia.

The Mongolian ministers in the new hall knelt down in unison and said loudly: "The ministers see the emperor, long live my emperor, long live long live." ”

"Ladies and gentlemen, please be polite."

"Your Majesty."

Kublai Khan said proudly: "Ladies and gentlemen, as the emperor of the Great Yuan Empire, I am bound to lead our dynasty to dominate the world, create a new history, and make my Great Yuan Empire the strongest empire that has never been seen before. ”

"Long live the emperor."

"National Teacher Pasipa."

"The minister is here."

"The new Mongolian character can be implemented immediately, and you will draft an edict with the relevant ministries to promote it within the scope of our dynasty."

"Yes, Your Majesty, the ministers obey the order."

Kublai Khan fixed the capital and changed the name of the country to "Dayuan", which shows that the country he ruled no longer belongs to the Mongol nation, but also shows that Kublai Khan hopes to become the orthodox continuation of the feudal dynasty in the Central Plains.

In February of the fifth year of Xianchun (1269), Kublai Khan changed the name of the country to "Great Yuan" according to the ancient document of the Han nationality "Book of Changes", and Mongolia was renamed the Yuan Dynasty after decades since Genghis Khan, which was more than two years earlier than the official establishment of the Yuan Dynasty in November of the seventh year of Xianchun (1271).