Chapter 113 Military System Reform
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After ascending the throne as emperor, Yang Xi was full of energy and devoted almost all of his energy to governing the country.
He was very diligent in his administration, and after Li Jue's mourning period ended, he worked late every day after the pro-government dealt with the court.
Although he is not satisfied with the current political, economic, and military systems and achievements, he believes that with his own efforts and the assistance of a group of capable generals, everything can be changed.
Once you ascend the throne and become an emperor, then start changing!
Yang Xi can be said to have become emperor through a coup d'état.
Although it is said that he took advantage of the Yongwang Li Xuan to launch a mutiny, killed the emperor Li Xuan, led the army to eliminate Li Xuan's power, took control of the situation, and ascended to the throne with the support of all his cronies, but those around him knew what was going on.
In order to avoid such a situation and being ousted by force, Yang Xi first carried out drastic reforms in the military system after becoming emperor. Of course, the initial reforms were ad hoc and the main aim was to bring the situation under control.
Yang Xi reorganized the forbidden army and other guards inside and outside Chang'an City, and made several of his cronies: Pang Zhong, Hun Xuan, Fugu Huai'en, Li Baoyu, Li Han and others under their control, and the defense areas of each department overlapped each other to achieve the purpose of mutual restraint. Moreover, he strictly ordered that no one should move the army without an order signed by him and the prime ministers of the political hall.
After the chaos of the situation, maintaining stability is the first priority, and Yang Xi does not want these generals with heavy troops to disagree again.
After making such arrangements, he immediately set about carrying out the reform of the military system, which had been interrupted for some time.
He was personally in charge of the reform of the military system, and had ministers such as Guo Ziyi, Gao Shi, Li Guangbi, Yan Zhenqing, Zhang Hao, and Li Lin participate.
Inside the participating ministers. There are many cronies, but there are also some people who do not belong to his own camp in the first place, and the purpose of this is to take the opinions of all parties and avoid oversighting some problems because the people in charge are his cronies.
Yang Xi has always believed that in a place, there is the power to restrain each other and the supervision of each other, so that things can be done better.
The forbidden army inside and outside Chang'an City was basically under control, and there was no possibility of any further turmoil, but An Lushan's rebellion had just passed. The lesson is just around the corner. Today, the envoys of the towns still hold heavy troops in their hands. Although they no longer have the power to do whatever they want, as they did a few years ago. But there is still the possibility of rebellion, which is something that Yang Xi is very worried about.
This was a vicious disease caused by Li Longji after he became emperor, which eventually led to the rebellion of An Lushan, in the original history. The shortcomings of the military system in the Li Longji era have always affected the rest of the history of the Tang Dynasty, which eventually led to the division of feudal towns and warlords, and the disintegration of the Tang Dynasty.
Yang Xi did not want to see this happen in any case, so the reform of the military system must be carried out, and even if it encounters very great resistance, it must be vigorously implemented. In this matter, he was also personally responsible for the reform of the military system as emperor.
In later generations, Yang Xi stayed in the army for many years. He is familiar with the military system of the republic, and he probably knows the composition of the world's leading forces, so in this regard, he can put forward many opinions and ideas that are not clear to people of this era.
Of course, Yang Xi's views and ideas have become the leading ideology of this comprehensive military reform.
Just three months after Yang Xi became emperor, the Tang Dynasty court announced. The reform of the military system is in full swing.
A very important point in this reform is the change in the functions and powers of the military department and the abolition of the establishment of the towns and towns.
In the imperial edict, it was announced that the Ministry of War would still be the highest military organ of the Tang Dynasty, and would be in full charge of the management of the military status of the national guards, the training and selection of officers, military training and military affairs, national defense, intelligence detectives, weapon production, horse administration, and boat bridges.
In case of war, the military department transferred the army by the emperor's order, appointed the marshal of soldiers and horses, the deputy marshal and the general manager of the march and the general manager of each sub-army, sent a letter to the seal, and led the transferred army to the battle; At the end of the war, the leading officers surrendered the seal to the court, and the officers and soldiers returned to the garrison. The functions of the military department are not much different from the original, but their structure and composition have undergone great changes.
There are seven departments under the military department, one is the staff department that has never existed; the second is the Department of War; the third is the ordnance supervisor; The fourth is the newly established Intelligence Division, the fifth is the Department of Staff, the sixth is the Department of Driving, and the seventh is the Department of Treasury.
With the exception of the General Staff and Intelligence Divisions and the separate Ordnance Superintendent, the other departments were all functional departments under the former Ministry of War.
This is an inevitable trend under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Ordnance Supervision and Planning.
The Intelligence Department is in charge of all the situation detective work, including the military and people's livelihood aspects, this is an extremely important department, its director is directly responsible to the emperor, and the military department Shangshu is only a nominal director, without the emperor's authorization, can not interfere in the work of the intelligence department.
The General Staff was also directly responsible to the emperor, and his functions and powers mainly included the dispatch of troops and horses throughout the country, including the replenishment and defense of soldiers and horses, and more importantly, the arrangement of wartime operations. The composition of the staff department is not fixed, and several officers of the military department are in charge of handling affairs on a daily basis. However, in wartime, the General Staff will be expanded indefinitely, and its composition can include any important official in the DPRK and China.
That is, in wartime, the General Staff will be the highest decision-making body for war.
Yang Xi planned that after such a system would be in operation for a period of time, the General Staff would be separated from the Ministry of War and become a department directly responsible to the Emperor and the Political Affairs Hall. In the future, the Ministry of War will become a department similar to the Ministry of Defense in later generations.
The armed forces are the foundation of the state and must be well controlled, and there are several departments that can play a role in checking and balancing each other and coordinating with each other to command and control the armed forces, and although the possibility of rebellion in the armed forces cannot be completely eliminated, the possibility of such rebellion will be greatly reduced.
He wanted to see if the measures he proposed could adapt to the situation of the Tang Dynasty and whether they could play a role in this era. If the results are good, further military reforms will be carried out in the future, including the establishment of military commissions and other measures.
The institutions that manage the military have redefined their functions and powers, and the following military reform measures have of course followed.
The system of military festivals in each town was abolished, and it was replaced by a nationwide establishment and preparation for the establishment of large-scale military guards, the establishment of full-fledged guards and state armies, and a militia reserve system similar to that of later generations.
This point Yang Xi came from the system of military regions and group armies in later generations.
His policy was that he, the emperor, controlled the army through the General Staff, the Intelligence, and the War Department. The General Staff, the Intelligence Department, and the Military Department held the army of the whole country firmly in their hands by controlling the various military guards, so that the power in the hands of the generals of the town army would be greatly weakened.
The Wei Army is the main armed force of the Tang Dynasty and the main combat force in foreign conquests; State soldiers are responsible for maintaining local security. The setting of military guards is carried out according to the region, and one or several guards are set up within one lane, or one guard is set up within several lanes. The specific settings are based on the area and population of each province, as well as the importance of location. Now the army in the hands of the town festival will be reorganized and divided, after the establishment of the guard, the border army of the governor's office is also included in the guard, and the function of the guard army is somewhat equivalent to the combination of the military district and the group army in later generations.
The imperial court also announced the composition and organization of the guards in the edict announcing the full formation of the guards: the armed forces of the Tang Dynasty were divided into thirty guards, which were arranged in numbers. i.e. the 1st to 30th Guards. Each guard consisted of 15,000 to 30,000 men. There is a distinction between A, B, and C. The 1st to 10th Guards are of the first type, each guard has 25,000 to 30,000 people, and there are three guard divisions, and the main commander of the guard army will be two generals. The commander of the guard division will be the general; The eleventh to the twentieth are the B Guards, and the establishment is also three Guards, with a total of 20,000 to 25,000 men; The 21st to 30th are the C-type guards, with two guards per army, about 15,000 to 20,000 people.
The 1st to 3rd Guards were mainly reorganized from the Forbidden Army, and their future responsibilities were still to guard the safety of the Beijing Division.
The main force of the guards will remain the same as before, but in the future construction process, there will be the formation and replenishment of various technical arms.
The establishment of the border army is slightly different from that of the Beijing army, and the guard army is the same team as the Dadu Protectorate or the Dadu Governor's Office. According to the region, the governor's office, town, garrison, pass, etc., are set up, and a certain number of soldiers are stationed to guard it, and the governor's office is equivalent to the establishment of the guard division.
In addition, the Tang Dynasty Royal Naval Division formed a separate army, and the establishment was also like the Land Division, with a total of five naval divisions. There are 50,000 people in total.
Today's shipbuilding technology is still very backward, and Yang Xi hopes to build a navy with better combat power in the future.
For the time being, the government soldiers were retained, and the sixteen guards were not revoked, but they almost existed in name only. The generals of the guards have almost become honorary titles, but Yang Xi cannot immediately disappear the sixteen historical ones in the long river of history. The government soldiers are still led by the original guards, similar to the militia organizations of later generations, and they are also used as a source of recruitment, and the recruited soldiers in the army serve for a certain period of time and are also incorporated into the government soldiers after retirement.
There is also a very important point, that is, the military and the people's livelihood are completely separated. The salaries and materials in the guards are directly allocated by the Beijing army through the household department, and the border army is distributed by the household department through the state capitals, and the monthly salary is distributed in equal parts. In this way, the border armies and localities are not subordinate to each other, the state officials have military resources and no soldiers in their hands, and the army has soldiers but the money and food have to pass through the state capital.
During Li Longji's time, An Lushan's rebellion was mainly due to the fact that the towns and towns had too much power in their hands, and within their jurisdictions, the military and people's livelihood were in their hands, and even the appointment of officials and the promotion and appointment of generals in the army were also the final say of the envoys, and the military towns became an independent kingdom. And there is almost no time for a festival envoy, and even in the late Tang Dynasty, it was hereditary, and the father died and the son took over, how can this be.
This is the root cause of the turmoil, and when Yang Xi decided to carry out military reform, he was determined to get rid of these malpractices. At this point, he was quite dissatisfied with Li Longji, and he really couldn't imagine how Tang Minghuang, who was known as wise and decisive, could formulate such a wrong move. Li Longji's erroneous move brought a lot of trouble to him, the newly enthroned emperor, and he had to carry out reforms in these areas as soon as he ascended the throne.
Yang Xi also knew that these measures that he strongly promoted would definitely encounter opposition from the envoys of various towns.
Sure enough, after the imperial edict was announced, turmoil immediately arose.