Chapter 153 The Forbidden City, the Xiangshan Gang and the repair of the old are as old as the old
After introducing the importance of the tourism industry in later generations, its significance, and the ability to spread the country's own cultural values (cultural "soft aggression"), Wang Fan and Chen Yun also began to think about the restoration of many Yanhuang monuments in the ancient city of Pingyao and Qiao's compound. (+ Find the book quickly)
"Wang Fan, are you going to be a human trafficker again?" Yadi asked in Wang Fan's mind.
"Huh? How did you guess that? Wang Fan replied in surprise.
"Cut! As far as your dim sum eyes are concerned, you can't hide any secrets and thoughts at all, to use the old saying in your hometown, as soon as you pout your ass, I know what shit you pull! ”
"E~~~ Can you say some elegant words, it sounds disgusting~~ But it was indeed guessed by you!" Wang Fan scratched his head and replied, "But Yadi, I still need your help to check the information on what to do." I need to know that during the Republic of China, the famous craftsmen and architects in China, without them, just relying on enthusiasm to repair and maintain ancient buildings, it is likely that they did bad things with good intentions and ruined their country's cultural treasures. ”
"I know, I need to find the information in the database, you wait for me for a while!"
"Yes, okay!"
Half an hour later.
"Well~~ Okay, I generally have some clues." Yadi's voice sounded in Wang Fan's head again.
"Tell me about it!"
"According to the historical data and documents of your main plane, during the Republic of China, there were so many people who could help you, the first one was the Suzhou 'Xiangshan Gang'!"
"Xiangshan Gang? Why does it sound a little unreliable, very much like the ancient underworld Salt Gang, Cao Gang or something? Wang Fan wondered.
"Wang Fan, you have read too many novels! It's really lonely and unheard, and I have too little knowledge of the history of my own country! Yadi sighed and explained: "The Xiangshan Gang is the inheritor of the craftsmanship of the builder of the Forbidden City, 'Kuailuban', so to make it clear? ”
"Building the Forbidden City? So awesome? Wang Fan was surprised for a moment, and then asked: "Anyway, Yadi, who built the Forbidden City, I really didn't care about it before!" ”
Historical records record that Kuaixiang of the Ming Dynasty was in charge of supervising the construction, he was born in a family of carpenters, and when building the Forbidden City, he was promoted to "Yingyi Suocheng" (equivalent to the current chief engineer and chief designer) because of his outstanding ability to show sè. It is recorded in the "Emperor Ming Tongji": "Xiang, a native of Wu County, is also a carpenter." Father's blessing, can (Lord) big camp, Yongle is the carpenter head, retired to the old. Xiang replaced it and built the Běijīng Palace. Yadi replied patiently.
"Understood, what about the 'Xiangshan Gang'?"
After Kuaixiang passed away, he was honored as the ancestor by the Xiangshan Gang. This Xiangshan Gang does not specifically refer to carpenters, but to carpenters, plasterers, stonemasons, lacquer craftsmen, plasterers, sculptors, stackers, painters and other ancient building craftsmen. It is named because most of the members are from Xiangshan. Of course, this Xiangshan is not the Xiangshan of běijīng, but the town of Xukou in Suzhou City, where the population was dense and the arable land was relatively insufficient, prompting the remaining labor force to abandon agriculture and work and transform into a handicraft industry. In addition, there are many wealthy households in the surrounding area, and there is a strong demand for building houses, which has honed their superb skills. ”
"Oh~~~ In addition to the Forbidden City, do they have any other works that have survived?"
"Many of the imperial tombs of the Ming Dynasty were designed and built by them, in addition to Suzhou Yiyuan Lotus Lotus Champs, Mudu Lingyan Mountain Daxiong Treasure Palace, etc., but compared with the Forbidden City, the reputation is much smaller. (+Find the book quickly)," Yadi replied.
"Okay, so where are they now? How do I find them? The piece of Suzhou should still be in the hands of the Japanese Kou? ”
"According to historical records, the representative of the 'Xiangshan Gang' in the Republic of China period is Xue Fuxin, who should be in Sichuan now, because he dropped out of school since he was a child and followed his family to learn art as a helper, and has done mud and water work, wood work, brick carving, clay sculpture, color painting, etc., and is a generalist. Later, he studied clay sculpture from the famous sculptor Yan Genda, Li Xiuting learned to design patterns, and the landscape painter Wang Zizhen learned painting, so he became a master at the age of 17. In the later years of your life, he was also a celebrity in the world of architecture, and Suzhou renovated 24 gardens in the city. Including the eighteen folds of Tiger Hill, the Thousand-Hand Guanyin Palace, the King Kong Palace, the Magnolia Mountain House, etc., he is the technical leader, but his reputation among ordinary people is not obvious. ”
"Eun, is there anyone else?"
"Tong Ning, but he is a Manchu, born in 1900, in terms of age and experience, he is more suitable than Xue Fuxin, who is still a young man, and now he is opening a company in Chóngqìng and Guiyang. As early as 1929, he was exposed to the theories of Le Corbusier, the Constructivists, and the Mannerists, and went abroad for four months to study in Europe, went to Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, and also went to Eastern Europe, Soviet Russia, and saw a lot of Renaissance architecture and new architecture. ”
"Manchus? Can that be won over? Wang Fan heard that Tong Ning's nationality belonged to xìng, and he was a little uncertain.
"It shouldn't be too much of a problem, you tie people up first, this guy is the most suitable lecturer and professor to cultivate talents, close to the revolutionaries, when he visited the UK, he himself once wrote rì Ji 'visited the Museum of Craft and Manufacturing, where there is a rich collection, in the Yanhuang exhibition area, there is a Han Dynasty mirror broken from the middle, about 4.5 feet in diameter. It was perfect, it was the first Han mirror I had ever seen. There seems to be no need to go or stay in the British Pavilion, all the wisdom of the British is to plunder us', he was a little angry. So there is a lot of hope. Of course, there are a few more people ......," Yadi continued.
Wang Fan finished discussing the list with Yadea, and compared the historical records, picked out a few architectural experts of the Republic of China who were easier to find and knew where they were at this time, and then continued to start his kidnapping business. The process is boring, finding people is tedious, the time is long, and the result is okay. After more than half a month of busy work, Xue Fuxin, Tong Ning, and their families were finally kidnapped and abducted to Shanxi.
When Wang Fan, who was incarnated as an ancient dragon, explained the cause and effect to them, they were very blinded and silent. Xue Fuxin is better, after all, he is a young man who is less than 20 years old, and he will accept his fate if he is scared and frightened, where is he not going to eat, right? So in the end, I agreed to do it under Wang Fan. Tong Ning is different, born in 1900, to be 43 years old this year, but also experienced the Xinhai Revolution, the change of dynasty, the warlord melee, the invasion of the Japanese, the psychological quality is called a strong, and there is no resistance, it is to Wang Fan to a non-violent non-cooperation, forcing Comrade Wang to be anxious, and finally with Yadea, on the sauerkraut, no, it is a killer!
"Ahem! Mr. Tong Ning, I bring you some books, you can take a look! After Wang Fan entered the house, he ignored Tong Ning's face and said to himself.
Sure enough, there was silence in response.
"Then I'll put the book here!" After some contact with Wang Fan a few times ago, he didn't want to find himself bored, so he put down the book and left, returned to his room, and watched the "live broadcast" through the map function of the plane ring.
I saw that Tong Ning didn't make any movements at first, but people always have to move, so he stood up and walked unconsciously to the book that Wang Fan put down.
"Huh? "The History of Yanhuang Painting", "Yanhuang Garden Design", "The Characteristics of Yanhuang Architecture", "Yanhuang Architectural Art", "Yanhuang Ancient Fashion", "Review of the Appearance of Public Buildings in China", aren't these articles published by me? Tong Ning said suspiciously, and then flipped down: "Jiangnan Garden Chronicles", "Outline of Gardening History"? How could it be~~~"
"Jiangnan Garden Chronicles" is a work of Tong Ning before the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, completed in 1937, due to the Lugou Bridge Incident, the publishing house moved south and the middle fix was not issued. It was not until 1963 that it was published by Yanhuang Industrial Publishing House. During the 40 years of isolation between the mainland and the treasure island, the book was the only mainland architectural publication to be photocopied and published in Taiwan. Cultural celebrity Huang Shang once commented on this book: "A volume of "Jiangnan Garden Chronicles", not only can you see the author's views and discussions, but also the classic works for the study of Yanhuang traditional garden art, and you can appreciate the author's beautiful writings, such as reading "Luoyang Jialanji", which is by no means comparable to the later works of the garden."
The "Outline of the History of Gardening" is even more remarkable, it is Tong Ning's work in his later years, known for his jīng refining, which summarizes the development process from the legendary paradise of heaven to modern abstract gardening, in which important historical facts, famous gardens, great masters, writings and gardening stunts are all involved, but only more than 40,000 words. It can be said to be the self-melting and sublimation of Tong Ning's lifelong knowledge. Thus soon the master forgot everything and threw himself completely into the book.
"Sample, fight with me? It's called 'attacking one's shield with one's spear'! Wang Fan opened his big mouth and took a bite of the banana in his hand, looked at the 4D stereoscopic imaging map, and said viciously.
Sure enough, the next day, Wang Fan went to Tong Ning's temporary residence again, and the latter immediately asked to meet with the author of "Outline of the History of Gardening". Wang Fan, who had been prepared, took Tong Ning to a building, which was densely packed with all kinds of architectural books that had been surveyed and distributed by later generations, of course, the content had been reviewed and deleted by Yadea, and there was no hidden danger of leakage.
"Mr. Tong, unfortunately, the overseas author of that book has passed away. But we shipped most of his book collection, you see! Wang Fan pointed to the rows of bookshelves and said.
Tong Ning, who was dazzled by architectural books at home and abroad, finally signed a series of "unequal treaties" under the threat of Wang Fan not giving the key, such as: how many classes a week to attend, how many times a month to guide the maintenance of ancient buildings, and so on. Comrade Xiao Wang was extremely proud of his jiān plan, wahahaha~~~~ (Stephen Chow's laughter passed by).
With the pulse of professional masters, coupled with the traditional craftsman skills of Yanhuang that have not yet been lost, the repair work in Shanxi and Shaanxi such as Qiaojia Compound, Pingyao Ancient City, and Xi'an Ancient Capital has started smoothly. From time to time, there were voices of carpenters, lacquerers, plasterers and other people discussing and reprimanding apprentices.
"You stupid, you should use 'digging and mending' here, it's just that the part of the pillar skin is rotten, and the center of the column is intact, just use 'digging and mending' directly!" An elderly carpenter scolded his apprentice loudly.
"But master, I can also use the method of 'bezel setting'?" The apprentice had never been exposed to such a large-scale work, so he asked in a daze.
"'Bezel' is not impossible, but it is only used when the rotten part is relatively large, more than half of the circumference along the column body, and the depth is not more than a quarter of the longest (diameter) of the column section, this is the work rule, don't let other people laugh, shame my face, understand?"
"Yes, yes!" The apprentice hurriedly replied about this.
The other side of the scene.
"Sanshi, the ears of the bucket here are broken, you make one according to the style and re-stain it!"
"Okay, master! By the way, master, it's the first time for the little junior brother to come into contact with so many 'big woods', why don't you stop by and tell him about it? An apprentice named Sanshi asked.
In the ancient wooden frame building of Yanhuang and Huang, all the backbone wood components are called big wood. Such as columns, beams, squares, bucket arches, purlins, rafters, etc. The profession responsible for the production, assembly and installation of these large wooden components is called 'large wooden work'.
"Well, it's okay, he's been an apprentice for 5 years, so it's time to teach him something real." Sanshi's master thought about it and nodded in agreement.
Mason's office.
"Pay attention to the order of masonry, be sure to build while demolishing, don't make the wall crooked!" The master mason instructed.
"Don't worry, Dad, it's not been a year or two since I did this!" The second son of the mason replied dissatisfied.
"Stinky boy, it's strange that you can reassure me." Hearing the second son's reply, the mason muttered, and shouted at the eldest son on the roof: "On the top, pay attention to the thorough work of 'Qinglong' (weeding and tiling on the roof)!" ”
"Okay~~~"
At the same time, in the command room for the repair of ancient buildings in the border area, several architectural experts of the Republic of China were discussing the repair plan of the ancient city of Pingyao.
"My idea is to demolish this place, and widen the 'depth' appropriately, although the 'tip room' and the 'secondary room' here seem to be one, but it should actually be added in the early years of the Republic of China, and the 'five bays' in the Ming and Qing dynasties cannot have this pattern." Tong Ning pointed to a location on the map and spoke.
The ancient architectural planes of Yanhuang are mostly rectangular. In the case of a common rectangular planar building, the longer side is called "wide", the shorter side is called "deep", and the distance between each adjacent column is called "face width" along the direction of "width", and one side width is the width of one room. The distance between each adjacent column in the direction of "deep" is called "depth", and one depth is the depth of one.
The face is wide, commonly known as "bay". Folk architecture often uses three-bay (commonly known as one light and two dark) or five-bay, and the name of each bay in the building varies depending on the location. The middle room is called "Bright Room"; The adjacent rooms on the left and right sides of the bright room are called "secondary rooms"; The outer side of the secondary room is located at both ends of the building, and it is called "Kozuma".
"I agree! Although there is no clear record in the local chronicles here, this style is indeed not a creation of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and should be modified by later generations. Yang Tingbao, another architect in the Republic of China era, nodded in agreement.
In addition, the eaves columns, the golden pillars and the beams between them, as well as the "collection" and "killing" of the columns, I also have some ideas...... "Tong Ning, who has completely entered the working state, gushed out the thoughts in his head.
(+ Find the book quickly)