Three Dynasties Liao Shilu Edition:

Sun Chengzong asked: "The old and new cities are within eight miles, and there are city defense ditches and facilities outside the old city, if the soldiers of the heavy city are scattered, then they will accidentally fall into their own pit mines and trenches, between the old and new cities, the south is water, the north is the mountain, and the rout has no way to escape, if they are all crowded under the old city, then open the door and let him in, or not open the door and let them out?" ”

Wang Zaijin replied: "There are three cottages built on the mountain, and if there is an escape, you can run there, and the old city also has three passes to enter. ”

Sun Chengzong asked: "The art of war is born from death, why should we provide them with the convenience of escaping?" ”

Wang Zaijin replied: "These tens of thousands of border soldiers are veterans, and they are especially good at escaping (border soldiers are good at walking), although they can kill deserters, but when a large number of soldiers escape, it will not help." Therefore, I used the setting of two cities, not only to rely on the city to stabilize the morale of the army, but also to reduce the idea of the border troops to disperse. ”

Sun Chengzong was speechless. (The minister was unable to respond)

In fact, the questions raised by the two versions are the same, except that Wang Zaijin's final answer is different.

As a result, one was that Wang Zaijin was speechless, and the other was Sun Chengzong.

But no matter which version, Wang Zaijin is wrong.

What Wang Zaijin meant was that the mines and ditches were set up for both the enemy and the fleeing soldiers, in place of the warlords who intercepted and killed deserters.

That is to say, the new city is really a dead place, once Wang Zaijin ordered not to open and let the rout troops enter, the defenders in the heavy city only had two choices: defending the city and retreating to the cottage, and the cottage is just an ornament (if the city cannot be held, the cottage cannot be defended). Therefore, if the soldiers in the heavy city want to survive, they can only fight to the death.

There is a problem here, Wang Zaijin is a Liaodong economic strategy, and he knows that those veterans in Liaodong are particularly good at escaping (the border army is good at walking). How stupid would it be to defend the city with these veterans?

Moreover, it will take at least two years to rebuild a fortified city, and in two years, will it not be possible to train a force that dares to fight? If you can train a new army, then why do you need soldiers who only know how to flee to fight? Anyone with a little brain knows that such a soldier should be sent away.

Therefore, Sun Chengzong's explanation of "the minister is unable to respond" should be that when I meet such a stupid person, I don't know what to say.

Sun Chengzong asked Wang Zaijin after that. Gather the generals to discuss how to defend.

Yan Mingtai, the superintendent of the army, mainly guarded Juehua Island (thirty miles east of Xingcheng, Liaoning, now known as Chrysanthemum Island), Yuan Chonghuan mainly guarded Ningyuanwei (now Xingcheng, Liaoning), and Wang Zaijin was mainly guarded by Zhongqiansuo (now Qiansuo Town, Suizhong County, Liaoning). Superintendents Xing Shenyan and Zhang Yingwu echoed Wang Zaijin's opinion.

After comprehensively considering the opinions of all parties and weighing the pros and cons, Sun Chengzong expressed his support for Yuan Chonghuan's opinion of guarding Ningyuan.

When Sun Chengzong returned to Beijing, he clearly explained to Zhu Youxiao the strategic plan of holding Ningyuan and fighting each other with the defenders of Juehua Island. He also put forward the strategic policy of "guarding the Liao land with the Liao people and raising the Liao people with the Liao land", and suggested that Wang Zaijin be relieved of his post as the secretary of the military department and the economic strategy of Liaodong.

Zhu Youxiao accepted Sun Chengzong's opinion and transferred Wang Zaijin to the post of secretary of the Nanjing Military Department, and the proposal to build a city in Balipu came to an end.

Yang He did not participate in this controversy, and Sun Chengzong did not look for Yang He when he convened the generals of Liaodong to discuss, because although Yang He was the head of the department, he did not care about Liaodong's military planning and other matters. Yang He's duty is only to select and train recruits and forge weapons.

There is another reason. That is, Yang He's official position was bought, and the officials in Liaodong looked down on Yang He.

But Yang He didn't care about that.

And he doesn't have the energy to think about Liaodong now.

Yang He now has to focus on training, but also has to develop new firearms with Sun Yuanhua and others, and he has to go to the salt field to have a look at it when he has some leisure, and he has to read and write at night, so to speak. Yang He has a full schedule every day, and he has no time at all.

Although the development of weapons is mainly done by Sun Yuanhua, it is not so easy to make weapons.

Because at this time, the manufacture of weapons was all by hand, including the manufacture of gun barrels, which were drilled by hand.

And the manufacture of firearms must be delicate. The slightest deviation in the part can cause problems.

Although the construction of the flintlock pistol is much simpler than that of the revolver, some parts are not so easy to manufacture.

The ignition structure of the flintlock pistol is to clamp a piece of flint on the jaws of the hammer, and a blow anvil is provided on the side of the fire transmission hole, and when firing, the trigger is pulled, and under the action of the spring, the flint is hit heavily on the edge of the fire door, and a spark emerges, igniting the gunpowder and firing.

There is one component that is very important in this structure, and that is the spring.

The spring must have strength, and it must be durable, otherwise, the spring has no elastic force, so the impact force is not enough, it can not catch fire, and if you want to have strength, you must use steel, and the carbon content must be moderate, high no toughness, low hardness is not enough.

So the first step is to make steel, steel that can make springs.

In the absence of any data, spring steel can only be refined again and again.

The process is very slow, and the steel is forged into wire, which is then wound into a spring, and then tested for hardness and toughness.

It took more than a month for the craftsmen to finally refine the steel that could make the springs.

The spring was solved, and then it was time to build the gun. Supporting parts, such as hammers, triggers, crosshairs, doors, etc.

When he saw the craftsmen forging these parts by hand, Yang He thought silently.

Now it's the groping stage, and it doesn't matter if you forge it by hand. But when the first gun is made and passed the inspection, it needs to be made in large quantities, so how can it still be forged by hand at that time?

To know the guns. There are many parts, and if each part had to be forged by hand, when would it take to make a gun?

In addition, with manual forging, it is impossible to guarantee the process, and the specifications are exactly the same. And the gun. The parts of the branch will be worn, and the parts will definitely need to be replaced in the future, if the specifications of the parts are different, it will not work.

So, to make weapons in large quantities, all the parts must be pressed with molds.

In fact, even if you use mold pressing, the specifications will vary, but the error is definitely much smaller than that of hand-made.

And if you want to press with molds, you have to make equipment. Even the simplest equipment is more than artificially built specifications. Under the existing conditions, Yang He could only find a way to make the simplest equipment.

Yang He has a good understanding of the history of modern warfare in China, and he knows that during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Eighth Route Army used the simplest equipment to manufacture guns.

At that time, there was an ordnance expert in China, and this person was named Wu Yunduo.

Wu Yunduo used the principle of lifting water from the well wheel (at that time, the water was all well water, and when drawing water, the bucket was put into the well with the well wheel, and after the bucket was filled with water, the bucket was shaken to pull the bucket up. Make a bracket out of wood, lift the hammer with a wheel, and press it.

Although the wheel also needs to be shaken by manpower, it is always lighter and faster than manual forging, and the pressed parts are more standard than those made manually.

Yang He is ready to adopt this method.

To Yang He's relief, the wisdom of the ancients was not inferior to that of later generations, and Yang He just said his thoughts, and these craftsmen immediately understood what Yang He meant.

A group of craftsmen quickly started to set up the bracket quickly, and then made a simple stamping hammer according to Yang He's words.

With a ram, remake the gun. The parts of the branch are much easier, at least there is no need for people to hold their arms and forge with a sledgehammer.

And with this ram, it is also possible to make a lot of tools, such as pliers, files and other tools.

If you want to do a good job, you must first sharpen your tools.

With tools, it is much more convenient when grinding.

Seeing that the tools conceived by Yang He were manufactured one by one, and each tool had its own use, Sun Yuanhua admired the five-body throw.

With these tools, soon the first guns were made.

Compared with the original arquebus, the flintlock pistol obviously has more advantages, just omitting the ignition link, it greatly speeds up the speed of shooting, and the soldier does not need to carry a large amount of arquebus in wartime, and also reduces the burden.

But the first gun was only an experimental supply, just to test whether the rifle was more practical than the arquebus, and in order to really play a role on the battlefield, it was necessary to increase the range.

Gun. The range of the gun depends on the length of the barrel, the caliber of the gun, the kinetic energy of the gunpowder, and so on.

So how long the barrel is, how big the caliber is, and how much gunpowder is loaded need to be tested.

That is, a gun capable of being used in real combat needs to go through numerous experiments and tests.

What is the appropriate ratio between the length of the barrel and the size of the caliber, Yang He handed over this test task to Sun Yuanhua.

Sun Yuanhua is an expert in artillery, and artillery also needs to consider the length of the barrel and the size of the caliber.

As for Yang He, he studied the dosage and ratio of gunpowder.

However, Yang He was very dissatisfied with the current power of gunpowder.

The gunpowder used at this time is hey gunpowder, and the explosive power of hey gunpowder is limited.

As a secret worker, Yang He is good at assassination and explosives, although Yang He is not an expert in explosives, but how to make explosives, Yang He is still very clear.

Under the current conditions, the only gunpowder that Yang He can make is yellow powder, that is, digestive glycerin.

In fact, the practice of digesting glycerin is not complicated, but it is very dangerous.

The material for digesting glycerin is actually very simple, as long as there is saltpeter and sulfur.

There is sulfur to make sulfuric acid, and sulfuric acid can dissolve saltpeter, and nitric acid can be made when given.

Glycerin can be made from animal fat, and boiling animal fat into oil is glycerin.

Then nitric acid and glycerin are stirred evenly according to a certain ratio to make digested glycerin, also known as nitroglycerin.

But digesting glycerin is very dangerous, and if you are not careful, it will explode, and the power of the explosion is huge.

Diatomaceous earth is needed to digest glycerin explosives safely, but Yang He can't find diatomaceous earth now, so he can only use charcoal ash instead.

It is very safe to stir a certain percentage of charcoal ash and digested glycerin well, and then dry it in the shade (to be continued). )

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