Chapter 635: Money, Finance, and Us

[These two chapters are a summary of the nine years of the Holy Dao and the development process of Yinghua, which may be very boring, please Haihan. 】

Fan Jin had obviously thought about it, he nodded and said: "The minister did miss one item, but this one is just gradual, and there is still a layer of separation from Jiangnan affairs, and the minister doesn't think that he has to wait for this great success to take Jiangnan again." ”

Li Shi shook his head: "You should be talking about finance, but this is not what I want to say." ”

But finance alone is also a big article.

After handing over the internal power to the cabinet in the fifth year of the Holy Dao, Li Shi still paid close attention to industry and the local political system, but focused more on financial matters. Ji Si is still directly managed by him through the Zhongting Court, this Ji Si is actually the National Development and Reform Commission of Li Xian's previous life, worshiped by the world, and his power penetrated the plane, and he shook the plane with a sneeze.

Yinghua's accounting department is obviously not so capable, and is mainly responsible for the formulation and supervision of economic and financial policies, as well as the country's financial management, and one of the most important things in the past four years is to straighten out the financial system.

Stocks and bonds are just the most active part of the financial sector, and the monetary system and banking system behind it are particularly crucial. Since the era of Qingtian Company, Yinghua has used Qingtian Ticket Bank to stir up finance, and finance is also a big killer weapon for Li Shi to finally gain a foothold in Guangdong and hijack Guangdong Industry and Commerce to embark on the road of no return with him.

After three years in the Holy Road, Yinghua's commercial banks sprung up like mushrooms after a rain, and many of them were listed as public enterprises, and Yinghua's financial system took a solid foundation.

Then the Anglo-Chinese financial industry faced a major challenge: the monetary system.

In the past, Anglo-Chinese has always followed the traditional monetary system, and the silver side system is used in the treasury leveling system, and the Yinghua Bank treasury level system is used as the silver currency standard. The commercial transactions of bulk commercial goods are calculated using the "Kuping Liang". The delivery of real silver is hired by various banks and bankers, and the personnel who have obtained the "treasury" qualification of Yinghua Bank will survey and evaluate all kinds of silver ingots and silver bars.

The folk currency is varied, not only the copper coins of the Manchu Dynasty are also used, but also the "Yinghua Yongli Tongbao" minted in the Yinghua Tianwangfu era and the later "Shengdao Tongbao" are also used.

The call for the full implementation of its own precious metal monetary system in Yinghua has been there for a long time, but Li Xi has not promoted it for a long time, and there are many reasons. The most important point is that Li Xi hopes to cross the multi-level precious metal monetary system and directly enter the single precious metal monetary system, so as to lay a good foundation for the next step to promote the credit monetary system. The specific goal is to eliminate copper coins and use silver coins and base metal coins.

As far as the monetary system is concerned, Anglo-Chinese is now two eras behind Europa, multi-grade precious metal currency, to a single precious metal currency, and then to a credit currency.

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the multi-level precious metal currency of the Chinese state, that is, the silver and copper system, had its profound social background. To put it simply, it embodies two sets of economic forms. Almost all of the business and communication of merchants and officials are in silver, and the small people in the countryside may never come into contact with silver in their lives, only copper coins. Silver reflects the outward-looking and upper-class economy, while copper coins reflect the small-scale peasant economy. The two sets of monetary systems are parallel, and the "exchange rate" between silver and copper coins also changes frequently, which brings great inconvenience to industrial and commercial development and economic integration.

After the establishment of the country, industry and commerce flourished, and the common people had more and more opportunities to contact silver. However, this parallel silver and copper currency system is deeply entrenched, and it is impossible to make a smooth transition to a single currency system by relying on the government's forced promotion alone.

The core issue is in credit, and "convention" is a kind of extensive social credit, and government credit is far less than this kind of social credit, so it has to rely on social credit. Yinghua is still casting a text and the holy path treasure of "when ten", which is the reason.

When Li Shi began to study this problem, he still felt that it was not a difficult thing, how awesome the protagonist of the ordinary crossing text was, with a wave of his hand, minting large and small silver dollars, abolishing copper coins, the problem was solved, and the common people were happy to blow silver dollars everywhere.

Around five years ago, Li Xi had issued his own silver dollar plan to the Planning Department and the Yinghua Bank for comments, the core of which was to pass the silver dollar, "abolishing the two and changing the yuan", but the result was fierce opposition. From this, Li Xi understood that this is not a game, not another world, but a living history. …,

In addition to many problems in details, one of the opinions made Li Shi wake up like a dream. Opponents all believe that the emperor is to make the Anglo-Chinese currency system completely fall to the "foreign country", and the "abolition of the two yuan and the change of yuan" will be to lose the Kuping silver system, and the price of losing the Kuping silver system is to damage the interests of the local bank, so that the foreign bankers that operate foreign business and serve the Spaniards and Portuguese will benefit.

This also involves the conflict of interests between the two factions, Li Xian's heart is awe-inspiring, and he finally has some experience, which also recalls the history of the Republic of China era in the past life, when the Republic of China government implemented the "abolition of the two reforms".

From the end of the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, in the economically developed areas of China, including Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangnan, and even Huguang, "foreign" supported another economic form between silver and copper. Spain's Shuangzhuyang and Buddha's Head Ocean from Mexico, Ma Qian from the Netherlands, and the Cross Ocean from Portugal have involved export-oriented industry and commerce and related people, and their social credit has also accumulated for two or three hundred years.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the "Longyang" and the "Yuan Datou" of the Republic of China, the benchmark units were all based on Shuangzhuyang, including three or two cents of Kuping silver. But this does not mean that a Yuan Datou is equivalent to Ku Pingyin's seven coins and three cents, and the actual circulation value depends on Yuan Datou's credit. Of course, a Yuan Datou must be worth more than seven coins and three cents of silver, and how much more is it exceeded, depending on the time and place, from person to person, and the "exchange rate" of silver dollars and silver has been changing.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the silver dollar was only a circulating currency, not a monetary standard. Not only was the silver tael not abolished in circulation, but in the traditional financial accounts, the Kuping silver system was still used, and even if it was a silver dollar, it had to be converted into the "tael" of Kuping silver. The new banks, because their business is related to foreign economic relations, are based on silver dollars, and their accounts are based on silver dollars.

Obviously, banks are basically controlled by Western capital, and they are not the same as local banks with "two" as the standard.

Since then, the Chinese currency from circulation to accounts, the whole link is based on "yuan", this foundation, this "yuan" word, in fact, is the historical portrayal of China's further loss of self at the financial level.

During the Republic of China, the implementation of the "abolition of the two yuan" was the wrestling between local banks and emerging banks. The most intense conflict was in Shanghai, the financial center of the time. Because the silver tael system has not yet been abolished, and it is used by the general commercial transactions of the people, the conversion business from the silver dollar to the silver tael is controlled by the bank, and the settlement of bills has to be controlled by the bank because it involves the bank, and the bank engaged in the silver dollar business occupies a subordinate position.

The government of the Republic of China dominated finance, eliminated the money bank, and vigorously promoted the abolition of the two yuan and the change of yuan, and finally got what it wanted. From the perspective of that time, it was indeed convenient for financial flow, reduced the cost of financial business, and was conducive to social progress. We can broaden our horizons and look at it again, after the local money banks were eliminated, the financial industry of China was controlled by Western capital.

In fact, this is a battle of standards, "two" and "yuan" do not care about advanced and backward, but China was suppressed by the Confucian society of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the local finance with "two" as the standard did not establish an independent and unified financial system, and did not produce a unified currency with "two" as the unit, and the circulation credit was weaker than the "yuan" with a unified circulation standard, and the history behind the "yuan" was traced all the way to the "foreign ocean".

At that time, in order to promote the "abolition of the two yuan and the change of yuan", even people like Ma Yinchu criticized the "two" as a weight unit, which was not suitable for advanced finance and was a symbol of backwardness. But the "pound" of the pound was also a unit of weight at the earliest, and later it was converted to credit currency and established an "advanced status", so why didn't you criticize this "pound"?

Standards determine the status of the food chain, and the establishment of standards is related to historical inheritance, once you accept foreign standards, it is impossible to climb to the top of the food chain.

Li Xian really wanted to "abolish the two yuan and change the yuan", and he was happy that those ticket houses engaged in the silver dollar exchange business and served the Spaniards, Portuguese, and even other foreigners. Because foreigners use silver dollars, they have to rely on their intermediaries to convert and exchange with the domestic market. Now Yinghua has also switched to using silver dollars as a unit, integrating internal and external, and they can hold the leading position because of their mature business.

Even if Li Shi did not use the standard of Shuangzhuyang and another set of silver dollar standards, this did not prevent the Spaniards from following the example. To a large extent, the Spanish double-pillar ocean was a silver dollar minted by Spain specifically for the galleon trade, and if the Anglo-Chinese minted their own silver dollar, they could have copied it, thus reducing the cost of exchange rate conversion. Not only the Spaniards, but also the Portuguese, British, and French could do the same. …,

At this time, the British and Chinese countries were still in a trade surplus, and they will also be in a huge surplus for a long time to come. And Europa, especially Spain, has abundant silver mines, who will hold the coinage rights at that time?

No matter how great a person is, he must follow the trend of the times, otherwise he will be eliminated by history. If Li Shi traveled to the era of the Republic of China, he would also have to abolish the two and change the yuan, because the "yuan" forces were strong and advanced and irreversible, while the "two" forces were weak and backward.

But now is the Anglo-Chinese era, although Western capital is rising, China is not far behind, and it is catching up. Li Shi, who had figured out the root of this matter, how could he abandon his martial arts? Cut your own standards? What is the foundation of a country's finance?

At this time, Li Xi finally understood where the Yinghua monetary reform should fall, that is, like the British "pound", the "two" was pushed from the unit of weight to the unit of value, and this process was actually the reform of the credit currency system that established the silver standard. To put it simply, Anglo-Chinese monetary reform can no longer go through the stage of a single precious metal currency, but must directly cross over to credit money.

There's no way around it, and who doesn't have enough silver minerals?

At this time, many Europa countries were already moving towards the gold standard, such as Britain. There are also many problems with the silver standard, the biggest problem being that silver production is constantly rising, which can easily cause inflation. At the same time, China's silver production was insufficient, and it had to rely on foreign silver, mainly silver mined by Spain in Latin America.

But Li Xi is not too worried, inflation, Yinghua is in a transition stage, the economy is growing rapidly, if you take GDP measurement, Li Xi believes that Yinghua will grow at least 1% to 20% every year until the transformation is stable. At this stage, it is not a question of how much silver there will be, but whether there will be enough silver.

As for dependence on foreign silver, economically, Yinghua already had a stronger international hard currency than silver: silk, tea, and porcelain, and now there will be all kinds of industrial goods. Even if it's not enough, why do the army use it to rob it!

The reformulated monetary reform plan is a leapfrog reform, and the silver dollar will still be issued, but the focus is no longer on the silver dollar. The 50 million taels of bills issued in the ninth year of the Holy Dao, of which 20 million are small bills of one tael, this is the "main currency" of the future, and it is now in the trial stage.

In order to develop by leaps and bounds, the biggest problem is naturally the credit problem of credit currency, and Li Xi feels that this credit should not only be borne by the state, but by the entire financial industry.

Therefore, the development of the financial industry is also included in the development plan. The first step was to turn the Anglo-Chinese Bank into a central bank with the ability to regulate all bankable banks. In this way, the financial system as a whole is controlled, so that the turmoil caused by currency changes does not affect a country's finances.

The settlement of bills, the amount of reserve bank in the bank, and even the examination and approval of the exchange ratio must be subject to supervision, which is difficult for private banks to accept. And the regulator is still the industry boss Yinghua Bank, and it is even more inconceivable that this is equivalent to throwing away weapons and being naked in front of the most ferocious enemy.

However, the wave of opposition that was supposed to arise suddenly dissipated after the Bank announced that it would withdraw from the private business, and then the Planning Department and the Government Affairs Hall gave another big gift. The county-level and provincial-level finances will be transferred to private banks, and local governments will make their own choices. This makes the private financial industry ecstatic, this is a big business! It's still an iron rice bowl!

In the eighth year of the Holy Dao, the financial revenue of Yinghua was 90 million, which was the total amount of the central government and the local government. The central government has more than 50 million yuan, county-level finances of more than 20 million, and provincial-level finances of more than 10 million. The plate, which adds up to nearly 40 million taels, is not only a large amount, but also because the government's money exchange is very stable, which is enough to make private finance produce hòu profits, and countless bank proprietors are raising their arms and shouting, spring is coming!

At this time, let them accept the supervision of the Anglo-Chinese Bank, and even the subsequent launch of the joint bill, they naturally have no complaints, and even actively cooperate.

On the one hand, the establishment of the Central Bank of China, the creation of a financial business supervision system, and on the other hand, the support of the domestic financial industry to make it grow and become self-reliant, this is the first step to lay the foundation.

While promoting the development of the first step, if all goes well, the joint note will also be widely recognized, and then the issuance of less than one tael of silver main coins, as well as copper-nickel alloy base metal coins, will be a matter of course. Of course, at that time, the main silver currency is just a supplement to the currency, and it is no longer the main force of circulation. …,

Because of Fan Jin's words, he roughly reviewed the progress of the country's finance in the past four years, and Li Xi no longer circled with Fan Jin, and said directly: "The reason why you are allowed to come back, in addition to other important tasks, you must stare at the political hall to do it, is also because your understanding of the Jiangnan strategy is biased." ”

Li Xian sighed: "I also know that you are bent on recovering Jiangnan, and you can only see one scene with one eye, although Xiaoyu has given birth to two sons and a daughter for you, but there is always a gap with you." This makes you never forget to destroy the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and now I feel that it should be the time to restore Jiangnan, but I was transferred back, and I was told that before the time, you didn't spit on me, and you were already very restrained......"

Fan Jin smiled bitterly: "On the boat on the way back, I spat on your portrait.

Then he said solemnly: "But I think that we have done enough work, and there is indeed chaos in Jiangnan, but it is just that the Manchu government is gradually losing its coercion in Jiangnan, and the hearts of the people who were suppressed in the past are boiling." If you don't take it now, when will you wait? We can't let more Jiangnan people take the side that hate us! ”

Li Shi also said solemnly: "We have done enough? Who are we? ”

He pointed to the guide surface, which was the direction of the Temple of Heaven, "Look at the current layout of the Temple of Heaven, the north is the Endless Palace, and the south is the Political Affairs Hall. The east is the East Courtyard, the west is the West Courtyard, in the Anglo-Chinese country, "we, the word, should be talking about the Quartet, in the past few years, the "we" in Jiangnan have gone to the Quartet? ”

He shook his head slowly: "I said, we still have something to do, and there are cards that have not been played. Heavy, outside of China, you and I can represent us, but Jiangnan is the land of China, you and I must not only replace "us" with ourselves. ”

Which side is not in Gangnam? Fan Jin frowned and pondered, and suddenly realized.

Jiangnan Longmen, Li Fangying faced Liu Xingchun and said solemnly: "What am I doing here, why do I need to be reminded by Manager Liu?" I would like to remind Mr. Liu, what His Majesty thinks, I'm not sure, but I came to Longmen to talk to the court and Mr. Liu, should it be the same idea. ”

Liu Xingchun has no good impression of Li Fangying, a person who is outside the imperial court system, not to mention that this guy was still a "white-clothed mountain man" who was mischievous with the imperial court many years ago, he said coldly: "Here, we must have an idea, because we are one." ”

Li Fangying smiled, shook his head and said: "In this black, facing the people of Jiangnan, I and Mr. Liu, and the businessmen who came to Jiangnan are not one. ”

Liu Xingchun forced Li Fangying, the other party looked back steadily, the two looked at each other, and seemed to be able to hear the sound of thunder and lightning.

"Uh-huh...... Manager Liu, our Hanlin Academy, and you are not one with the Jiangnan camp. ”

Another voice sounded, seeing this person, Liu Xingchun suddenly became a head and two big, and he suddenly understood a little, why did Li Xian "send" him as the head of the Jiangnan camp, and the person who came was Lu Yizhong, ....... ）

This hand-hit update is provided by "Set Sail Li Ping I Am".