8. The northern Turkic nomadic tribes had no agriculture and often suffered from famine in the steppe, so they had to plunder the supplies and food that allowed their tribe to survive. Therefore, as long as the Central Plains is weak, foreigners will definitely come in to fight the autumn wind, and this has become a common practice for thousands of years. In the eyes of these grassland herdsmen, it is cruel for wolves to eat sheep, but since wolves can't eat grass, it is equally cruel to starve to death if they don't eat sheep. Therefore, the Turks have no moral resistance to looting and burning, they take the wolf as their totem, and the law of the jungle is their moral norm.

In fact, the people of the Cypriot Fortress all believe in the law of the jungle, and in the annexation of various tribes, the loser is the slave, the livestock to be slaughtered. This is still the case for the Saishang people, they naturally never regard any Central Plains people as their own kind, whether they are resistors or obedient recipients, they are all prey in their eyes, and they are all beasts to be slaughtered.

Hunters treat their prey, naturally the more they kill, the more they show their ability, and there will be no mercy in their hearts. Nomads have both advantages and disadvantages in military affairs.

Men and women of all ages on horseback can go to war, but military discipline and coordination are extremely poor, and when they encounter an enemy weaker than themselves, they may kill the opponent without leaving a piece of armor, but if they are hit unexpectedly, they can also be crushed. Moreover, one tribe has one mind, and there is a lack of trust and cooperation with each other, so it is difficult for the Saishang people to enter the Central Plains.

When the Central Plains is divided and declines, they can still take advantage of it, and when the Central Plains is reunited by a strong man, the Plugged Nation will only be broken by each of them.

Because of this, most of the grassland tribes who entered the Kou actually had no ambition to annex the Central Plains, they just wanted to follow the strong and get some cheap.

The people of the Central Plains inside the Great Wall are so rich that they always have surplus grain in winter, and they can eat salt all year round.

The same people, why they would starve in a drought year, they couldn't figure it out, so they simply came over and grabbed it. Because the grassland people only grow a kind of crop called millet and the yield is pitifully low, the grain reserves are generally unable to support long-term warfare, so they can only use war to feed the war, plundering the people of the Central Plains along the way.

The people of the grassland are all looking forward to repeating the carnival of the Wuhu Chaohua, so that they can survive the difficulties by plundering the people of the Central Plains during the famine years. And even if the robbery fails, they will not lose more, anyway, they have almost nothing but their lives, anyway, even if they don't rob, the whole family will starve to death on the grassland...... The Turks were the strong enemies of the Central Plains regime during the Sui and Tang dynasties, and from time to time they plundered and burned, threatening the border at all times. In 582 A.D., the Turks suffered from natural disasters, the people could not survive, Sha Bolu Khan had no choice but to make a desperate bet, with a total of 400,000 people from all tribes to invade the Great Wall, go deep into Wuwei, Tianshui, Yan'an and other places to loot and burn, and there is not a single place in the place where it passes. Emperor Wen of Sui ordered Yang Shuang to lead his troops to a retaliatory counterattack and repeatedly defeated the Turkic army.

When the Great Sui was strong, there were few defeats in the battle with the Turks, and the Sui army at that time often beat the Turkic wolf cavalry all over the ground to find teeth, from the general Wang Yang Shuang to the later Yang Su and Yuwenshu, everyone had made the Saiwai wolf ride to flee in the wilderness.

With the might of military superiority, the Sui court took the opportunity to divide and disintegrate the Turks, and there was a fight and a support. In the era of Emperor Wen of Sui and the early period of Emperor Yang of Sui's reign, the Sui Dynasty's policy of sowing discord against the Turks was quite successful, and successfully provoked Turkic civil strife.

The scattered Turkic tribes were unable to resist the Sui army, and they all declared themselves vassals and dependents. ** The Qimin Khan (i.e., the Tuli Khan) was also attached to the Great Sui Dynasty and became the Ping Domain of the Sui Dynasty, and the people of the north basically enjoyed a peaceful life for decades. In 600 A.D., the Western Turkic Datou Khan invaded, Yang Guang had just been made the crown prince at this time, and when he heard the news, he asked the Northern Expedition to the Turks, and the Turks who came to attack were holding their heads.

On the triumphant way back, Yang Guang reorganized the border defense and asked Yang Jian to exempt the Turkic harassed areas from taxes, so that all localities could be restored to life. In the twentieth year of the emperor's reign, the ** Qimin Khan wolf Bèi, who was beaten to the end by his own people, came to vote, and the Sui Dynasty "temporarily lent" him the vast land in the northwest for refuge.

Soon after, Qimin Khan led his troops to the north with the strong support of the Great Sui, and successively surrendered more than ten troops such as Tiele and Sijie along the way, and won millions of troops. The Ashina family re-erected the Turkic tent in Mobei and became the overlord of the northeastern grasslands.

However, Qimin Khan refused to return the temporarily borrowed land on the grounds that his body could not endure the cold wind in the north of the desert, and led the descendants of the Ashina family to continue to live in the northern border of the Great Sui, and in 607 he entered the court to pay tribute, and respected Yang Guang, the son of Sui, as the "sage Khan".

If the Great Sui Dynasty had remained strong, this relationship of sojourn and dependency would not have changed; However, due to the conquest of Liao and civil strife, the Great Sui declined rapidly within a few years, so the "temporary loan" became a permanent occupation, and the heirs of the Qimin Khan also sent their subordinates to the south from time to time to try, trying to take advantage of the weakness of the Central Plains to seize greater benefits.

In the last years of the Sui Dynasty, the foreign conquest was endless, and the expedition to Goguryeo led the righteous army to swarm, so it gradually had no time to take care of the north.

A large number of inhabitants of the interior moved into the Turks to escape war and military service, which greatly increased the Turkic population, and ** re-established itself as a great northern power under the leadership of Shibi Khan, and gradually hardened its attitude, often committing small-scale border offenses.

If the strength of the Great Sui was still one-third of that of that year, those rebels would not be a problem, and these foreign invasions would not have appeared at all. In August 615, Emperor Yang of Sui toured north to Yanmen County (present-day Daizhou, Shanxi).

Due to the dissatisfaction with the previous Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty and his younger brother Tong Lifu as the "Southern Khan" to divide the **, Shibi Khan planned a "beheading operation", hundreds of thousands of Turkic troops captured Yanmen Pass, surrounded the ancient city of Daizhou, and the whole country of the Great Sui was shaken, known as the "Yanmen Change" in history.

The Turkic invasion had been planned for a long time, and for several years their camps had been slowly approaching the border, and some of the places that used to be a mix of Hu and Han have now been completely turned into Turkic pastures.

Local officials went to the imperial court many times, but Emperor Yang of Sui was suffering from the uprising of the rebel army, so he ignored it on the grounds that "the Hu people did not know the number of etiquette", and as a result, this kind of leniency allowed the guide to this crisis. Seeing the soldiers approaching the city, Yang Guang ordered the soldiers to defend desperately, and ordered the Sifang County to guard the king on the other.

Due to the lack of preparation, the food in the city was only enough to eat for twenty days, and the Turks knew that hunger was the best weapon, so they surrounded Yanmen with heavy troops, and only the teams that came to help were allowed to enter, and those inside were not allowed to leave.

By the time the Turks put the 20,000 Xiongwu battalions into Daizhou, the food was even more insufficient, and the city was in danger. Most of the Turks were cavalry, and field warfare and hunting for victory were their strengths, so Yang Guang did not dare to risk breaking through.

Fortunately, the reinforcements from all over the country were able to rescue effectively, and fierce battles were fought with the Turkic reinforcements outside the city of Daizhou, and seeing that the reinforcements were gathering more and more, Shibi Khan was forced to withdraw from the siege in September. In this battle, nine out of thirty of the forty-one cities in Yanmen County were attacked by the Turks, and those thirty-nine cities could no longer be called cities, and they could not be restored to life for twenty years.

The steppe soldiers looted the villages on the fortress, plundered the women, killed the elderly and children who had no time to escape, and set the houses on fire...... Every county town captured by the Turks is a hell on earth, and no household is immortal, and no family is whole.

After the "Gate Change", the Sui Dynasty and the Turks were at odds, but neither could help the other. However, as the Sui Dynasty weakened further in the civil strife, the peasant armies in the north and some separatist forces (Li Yuan, Xue Ju, Wang Shichong, Liu Wuzhou, Dou Jiande, Liang Shidu, Li Rail, Gao Kaidao, etc.) paid tribute to the Turks in turn, and some of them were named "Little Khans" of the Turks.

In order to exacerbate the division of the Sui Dynasty and reap the benefits, the Turks provided strong support to these separatist forces of the Great Sui and assisted them in resisting the Sui army that came to quell the rebellion.

The reason why some local separatist forces at the end of the Sui Dynasty could not be eliminated for a long time was because they were supported by the Turks, a strong foreign force, and there were supplies and rear, so that it was difficult for the Sui army sent to suppress them to achieve complete success.

It can be said that the tragic situation of the Sui Dynasty being dragged to the uprising of the rebel army and the division of the territory on all sides is heavily related to the instigation and support of the Turks, a "foreign force", behind the scenes.

One of the crimes of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty was to build the Grand Canal. He requisitioned more than 1 million people from Hebei, and spent several years using natural rivers and old channels to dig the Grand Canal with Luoyang as the center, starting from Zhuojun (Beijing) in the north and Yuhang (Hangzhou) in the south, connecting the five major water systems of the Qiantang River, the Yangtze River, the Huai River, the Yellow River and the Haihe River, and the north-south shipping route has been connected as a whole.

Since its completion, the Grand Canal has become the most important water transportation artery connecting the north and south of China, transporting millions of goods and goods every day, benefiting both sides of the strait for thousands of years, laying a solid foundation for the prosperity and strength of future generations of China, and still playing an important shipping value today. The Grand Canal is more than 5,000 miles long, is one of the most majestic projects in the world, and like the Great Wall, it can be called a miracle built by the Chinese people by artificiality, which has an extremely far-reaching impact on Chinese history, and its significance is far more important than the Great Wall for Chinese civilization.

From a macro point of view, the Grand Canal connects the Yellow River Basin, which is the political center, with the Yangtze River Basin, which has become the economic center of the whole country, and has become the main artery of north-south transportation, which has greatly promoted the exchanges and development of the political, economic, and cultural aspects between the Jiangnan and Jiangbei regions, and has gradually integrated the civilizations of the two river basins, realizing the first real integration in China's history, greatly enhancing the cohesion within China, and making great contributions to consolidating and strengthening the sense of unity of our multi-ethnic country......

Welcome to the majority of book friends to come and read, the latest, fastest, and hottest serialized works are all here!