Chapter 327: Eight-Nation Alliance
Between countries, robbing while the fire is a common tactic.
As the Sino-British War entered its sixth month, the situation of the British Empire deteriorated.
The Chinese Empire knew the foundation of Britain, an old industrial power, and did not choose to fight Britain, but attacked Britain's sea life supply lines by breaking belligerent means, forcing Britain's economy to collapse first, and then win the final victory in the war.
Because the British Navy was not forward-looking, it lost its naval supremacy at the beginning of the war, and as a result, the British Navy was passive everywhere, making the war extremely unfavorable to Britain.
In such a situation, it is inevitable that the other powers will be ready to move. As the world's largest colonial empire, Britain, known as the Empire of Immortality, controls 90% of the world's colonies, and such a huge colony will inevitably make other powers salivate.
In the past, the great powers of various countries did not dare to act rashly because of the strength of the British Navy, but after the British Navy was severely damaged by the Imperial Chinese Navy, the British Navy retreated to its homeland, and its overseas colonies lost the protection of their naval forces, which gave Germany, France, Italy, Russia and other countries that secretly peeked into the British colonies an opportunity.
When the Chinese Empire took the lead in calling on them to rise up and carve up the British colonies, they no longer hid their backs, and directly stood up and demanded the cession of interests to the British.
On March 24, 1906, the G-8 decided to let the Netherlands take the lead. So the little Dutch took the lead in breaking diplomatic boundaries, slandering the British [***] team for attacking several Dutch banks in Cape Town, and making claims to the British, which were immediately refused. Subsequently, the Dutch demanded the return of the Γ lan Free State and the Transvaal to the local Boers, and issued a warning to the British. The British authorities ignored the Dutch request.
The next day, Italy and Austria-Hungary also filed claims against Great Britain, which likewise refused.
In the following three days, Germany, France, Russia, and the Ottoman Turkish Empire successively filed claims against the British political axe, and the United States, Norway, Spain, Portugal, Belgium and other countries also took advantage of the fire and looted and followed suit, and also filed claims against the British, trying to make the British bear their economic losses in Cape Town.
The British political axe realized their unusualness, but the losses of more than 40 banks in these countries were as high as 200 million pounds, and Britain itself was one of the victims, losing more than 100 million pounds. As a result, the British political axe rejected their demands one after another.
On 3 April, the eight-nation bloc of China, Germany, France, Italy, Austria, Russia, Turkey, and the Netherlands formally formed the Eight-Nation Alliance, and the first batch of 200,000 troops from France, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Russia, and Turkey were assembled in the Jerusalem area of Turkey and Tripoli, which belonged to Turkey. German and Dutch troops would not reach the Mediterranean until mid-April, and the 100,000-strong expeditionary force of the Chinese Empire would enter the Red Sea in late April and early May.
At the same time, in accordance with the provisions of the Eight-Nation Pact, the eight [***] teams marched one after another to the British colonies that were responsible for the attack.
On March 28, 220,000 German troops set out from Wilhelmshaven, Germany, and after passing through the English Channel with 30,000 Dutch troops, 100,000 German troops entered the Mediterranean Sea and landed in the area of Jerusalem, Turkey. Another group of 120,000 German troops and 27,500 Dutch troops moved south along the west coast of Africa and assembled in German southwestern Africa on the 30th. The German-Dutch army prepared to attack the British Bechuana, Rhodesia, Orange, Transvaal.
On March 29, France increased its troops in French North Africa, gathered 200,000 French troops in Timbuktu, advanced eastward, and entered the western border of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan in mid-April. Six years ago, France's 2C plan was terminated by the British army in Fasauer, and now the French army has made a comeback, and it is bound to recapture the Anglo-Egyptian Sultan, and the plan to cross the African continent and gain access to the sea in the Red Sea.
On 1 April, 40,000 Italian troops were reinforced to Italian Somalia, 30,000 troops were assembled in the north to prepare for an attack on British Somalia, and another 10,000 troops were concentrated in the south to prepare to cooperate with the 30,000 German troops in German East Africa to attack British East Africa and Uganda.
On April 5, 230,000 Russian troops were assembled on the edge of the desert in the northern part of the Persian Empire, and the Russian Empire was not willing to expel only British power in Persia, but wanted to occupy Persia directly in order to win a war to divert the surging contradictions in the country. In addition, Russia lost the Far East's access to the sea, and the Chinese Empire expressed its willingness to help Russia seize the Indian Ocean access to the sea, support Russia's invasion of Persia, and open up the Persian Gulf channel.
The series of moves of the G-8 really frightened the British political axe, and British Prime Minister Henry urgently ordered the colonial troops in various parts of Britain to take strict precautions and prepare for battle.
At the same time, the British political axe immediately telegraphed to the officials of its embassies in various countries, asking them to immediately negotiate with the seven G-8 countries except China, expressing their willingness to negotiate on the Cape Town issue in an attempt to avoid war with them.
However, the Seven Powers believed that the loss of Cape Town was much greater than the capture of the British colonies, and that the Chinese Empire now had the upper hand and was too strong to offend. Therefore, the political axe of the Seven Kingdoms counted all the losses on the head of Britain for political purposes.
However, the headquarters of the Eight-Nation Coalition believed that Britain should be stabilized, so the Seven Powers were willing to negotiate with Britain, but secretly continued to increase their troops and entered the designated place on a scheduled basis in accordance with the provisions of the Eight-Power Pact.
On April 2, the headquarters of the Eight-Nation Coalition believed that the Chinese Imperial Expeditionary Force should not wait for the Chinese Expeditionary Force, and that the strength of the Seven Nations in the Mediterranean region had reached 400,000 (Turkey had increased its troops by another 100,000), and that it could launch an attack on the British defenders of the Suez Canal.
The commander of the coalition forces, Duan Qirui, wished that the 7th [***] team would fight with the British first, and then the Chinese Empire would pick up the bargain, so he agreed to the suggestion of the coalition command.
On the morning of 3 July, the G-8 collectively issued an ultimatum to the British political axe, demanding that the British political axe give up its right to rule all the colonies in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, and give the locals a free country.
On the morning of the 4th, the British political axe sternly refused.
On the morning of 5 July, China, France, Germany, Italy, Austria, Russia, Turkey, and the Netherlands issued a joint declaration, saying that the eight-nation alliance would form an eight-nation alliance to overthrow Britain's enslavement of the colonies and liberate the oppressed people in the colonies.
At dawn on April 6, 1906, the battlecruiser Zhou Wuwang, the flagship of the Atlantic Fleet of the Chinese Empire, took the lead in firing on Port Said, followed by more than 200 warships assembled by the Eight-Nation Alliance forces and began to carry out saturation shelling of Port Said.
As the first 305-mm shells landed on the coastal batteries in Port Said, the joint operation of the Eight-Nation Coalition against Britain began. On this day, the British political axe and the people called it the Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against Britain, but China, France, Germany, Italy, Austria, Russia, Turkey, the Netherlands and other countries called it a rescue operation, and in the debates that followed, the G-8 insisted that they were fighting to save the people of the Third World who were enslaved by the British.
The cannon roared, and the smoke of gunpowder filled the air.
After the Battle of Port Said, the main forces of the Eight-Nation Coalition launched attacks on the British army on the Egyptian border from Jerusalem on the right flank and Tripoli on the left flank. Among them, the 100,000 German troops on the right flank were extremely strong, and in less than a day's effort, they captured Arish, which was heavily defended by the British army. The 190,000-strong German-Turkish army rapidly advanced westward along the coastline, and was invincible along the way, approaching 30 miles east of Port Said on the 15th.
Since most of Egypt was desert and important cities were on the coastline, the coalition forces concentrated 30 warships and bombarded the British positions near the coast of Port Said with huge cannons, and cooperated with the German and Turkish forces to attack from here.
The British Mediterranean Fleet had long been withdrawn from home without any naval support, and the British were pinned down by heavy Allied artillery fire, and the German-Turkish army took the opportunity to charge.
Although the British could not fight back from the naval guns, when the German-Turkish forces approached the British positions, the Allied coastal artillery fire stopped firing, and the British could counterattack.
"Da Da Da!"
The British heavy machine guns opened fire fiercely, and since the British army suppressed the Sudanese uprising eight years ago, they used heavy machine guns for the first time and achieved brilliant results, so the British army in Egypt also used heavy machine guns against the opposing coalition forces.
The charging Germans and Turks suffered heavy casualties in front of the heavy machine guns and had to retreat, and then bombarded the British heavy machine gun points with infantry artillery.
Whenever this happened, the British took refuge in the fortifications and used anti-aircraft guns to engage in artillery battles with the German-Turkish troops on the opposite side.
There were more than 80,000 British troops in Port Said, 90,000 British troops in Ismailia, and 100,000 British troops in Suez City.
The German-Turkish coalition attacked for several days, but the British resistance was stubborn and it was difficult to take it for a while.
The coalition forces then continued to mobilize naval warships and bombarded the fortress of Port Said with large-caliber naval guns. Because the British army had not maintained the Port Said fortress for a long time, the fortifications of the fortress were in disrepair, and under the heavy artillery fire, many places collapsed, causing a large number of casualties among the British army.
However, the British gritted their teeth and dug tunnels into the ground to withstand the onslaught of 305-mm shells.
On the left flank, the combined forces of France, Italy, Russia, Austria-Hungary, the Netherlands, and Turkey, with a total strength of 210,000, attacked the British army in Egypt from the Turkish territory of Tripoli to the east.
On April 6, 120,000 French troops, Turkish troops, and Austria-Hungary [***] advanced along the coastline, and a fierce battle broke out with 20,000 British troops stationed in Alexandria, and the two sides fought for 3 days and 3 nights.
On the other hand, 90,000 French, Russian, Italian, and Turkish troops rushed directly to Cairo, the capital of Egypt, and engaged 200,000 Egyptian troops and 20,000 British troops on the 9th.
Due to the British mandate rule on Egypt, the British army did not believe in the Egyptian army, so the weapons and equipment issued to the Egyptian army were outdated products in the first ten years of the last century, so that the 200,000 Egyptian troops did not block the attack of 90,000 coalition troops, and only 20,000 British troops barely fought a battle, but they were also defeated because of the huge disparity in strength.
In order to keep Cairo, the capital of Egypt, the commander of the British army, Admiral Webb, sent 50,000 British troops from Suez City and Ismailia to Cairo to form a 300,000 Anglo-Egyptian coalition to resist.
The Battle of Cairo began on the 9th and lasted until the 29th, lasting twenty days at once.
During these 20 days, the Anglo-Egyptian coalition resistance was fierce, and French General Perroth had to suspend the attack of the Left Army and mobilize heavy troops to the south to reinforce the Right Army.
On the morning of the 20th of the fiercest battle, the two sides committed 300,000 troops to a fierce battle, and in the most tragic hour of the battle, 6,000 soldiers were killed on both sides. Although the Eight-Nation Coalition achieved the effect of the attack and advanced 500 meters, the Anglo-Egyptian forces successfully stopped the opponent's offensive, and the large force was able to retreat safely into the city of Cairo.
After that, until the 29th, the two sides fought inextricably. The Anglo-Egyptian coalition resisted fiercely, and the Eight-Nation Coalition lost many opportunities to storm Cairo because of its ineffective command.
Finally, on the 30th, the Anglo-Egyptian forces in Cairo had to abandon Cairo on their own initiative and choose to retreat. The reason is that the Chinese Imperial Expeditionary Force successfully landed in the Palmison area southwest of Suez City on the 28th, and 100,000 Chinese emperors [***] surrounded Suez City.
From the night of the 28th to noon of the 29th, the capital ships of the Pacific Fleet bombarded Suez City to suppress the British firepower. The fragile city of Suez, hit by 305-mm heavy shells, was quickly destroyed. The defenses of Suez City were badly damaged, and the British suffered heavy casualties under artillery fire.
At night, the Chinese Imperial Expeditionary Force concentrated 200 cannons to cover the 35th Regiment of the 8th Division to launch an attack on the British position. Under the heavy artillery fire, the British did not dare to show their heads, so they could only hide in underground tunnels. However, the 35th Regiment boldly implemented the tactics of infantry and artillery coordination, and when the artillery fire had just been extended, the British troops had not yet reacted, and the 35th Regiment rushed to the British position. A large-scale white-knuckle battle broke out between the two sides, and the soldiers of the Chinese Empire, with their bravery and fearless sacrifice, one regiment simply defeated a division of the British army, and opened the passage to Suez City at the cost of 3,000 casualties.
Subsequently, the Chinese Emperor [***] launched a surprise attack on the British army's defensive positions in depth from the open passage, quickly disintegrating the British army's defense-in-depth system, causing the British army to blossom and fall into chaos.
By noon on the next day, more than 40,000 British and Egyptian troops had been wiped out, leaving more than 30,000 British troops desperate and forced to surrender.
After capturing the city of Suez, the Chinese Emperor [***] immediately advanced in the direction of Cairo, and the Anglo-Egyptian forces in Cairo were forced to abandon Cairo and retreat to Ismailia in order to avoid being attacked on their backs.
On the 1st of May, the Emperor of China [***] returned to his division with the other coalition forces that had occupied Cairo, and after a short rest, 300,000 allied troops advanced towards Ismailia.
Also on April 30, 17 airships from Italy, France, and Turkey flew over Port Said and bombed the British forces in Port Said.
These airships, manufactured by the Chinese Empire, carried bombs of more than 500 kilograms, as well as gasoline incendiary bombs, which immediately caused huge casualties and psychological panic to the British army.
On this night, the German commander Varissi asked the Turkish army to attack in the north to pin down the main British army, while the main German army dug earth from the southeast and blew up the fortress walls and stormed the fortress.
The ferocious Germans stormed the fortress and engaged the British in a fierce hand-to-hand battle, with both sides almost fighting for lives. But the main German forces were placed on this side, far outnumbering the British, and after an hour of white-knuckle fighting, all the 300-British guards were killed, and the Germans stepped on a mountain of corpses to raid the British troops in other directions of the fortress.
Port Said was soon lost under the attack of the inside and outside, and the British army was captured by more than 10,000 people, and only 2,000 British troops fled.
After seizing Port Said, the coalition forces rested for three days and immediately marched towards Ismailia, arriving north of Ismailia on 7 May.
At this time, fierce fighting was raging in the west and south of Ismailia. Not to be outdone, the French army learned that the Germans had captured Port Said, hoping to capture Ismailia first, proving that the French army was not weaker than the German army.
Duan Qirui knew the voice of the French army, so he deliberately let the French army serve as the main attack, and the Chinese Emperor [***] as the secondary attack, pinning down the British army in the south.
Since the Anglo-Egyptian forces in Ismailia knew the power of the Chinese Emperor, they placed their main forces to the south.
In this way, the French onslaught in the west quickly paid off.
When the Germans arrived, the French commander Perroth told all the French generals that night: "If you don't want to be despised by the Chinese Emperor [***] and the German army in the future, you must be the first to attack tonight." β
Perros's words deeply stimulated the French generals, and the French [***] team did not want to be looked down upon by the German army, they always hoped to compare with the German army and wash away the shame of the Franco-Prussian War. Now that the Germans were to the north, the French could not attack the Allies, but they were the first to open the gates of the fortress of Ismailia.
On this night, the Eight-Nation Coalition besieged Ismailia on all sides, and shells rained down on the fortress, and the sky was lit red and bright throughout the night.
The French attacked like crazy, almost at all costs. The attention of the British commander-in-chief was still on the Germans in the north and the Chinese Emperor in the south, and the British commanders believed that the French army was a feint and the real killer was the Chinese and German troops. Therefore, no matter how the French army attacked, Weber just did not draw troops from the north and south to reinforce the west, and as a result, the French army was given the opportunity to break the city.
At 2 a.m., after the twelfth onslaught of the French army at any cost, the British army in the west could not withstand the French charge and lost their positions. The French army rushed into the fortress like a flood, and the Anglo-Egyptian army was immediately defeated.
By the afternoon of the second day, the commander of the Anglo-Egyptian forces, General Weber, had no choice but to surrender.
At this point, the battle of the Suez Canal, which lasted for a month, ended. The 300,000 Anglo-Egyptian forces were wiped out, and the Eight-Nation Coalition achieved its set strategic objectives, and the Suez Canal fell under the control of the G-8. According to the Eight-Power Pact, the Ottoman Turkish Empire was to restore rule over Egypt.
Over the next month, the Turkish army quickly swept away the remnants of the Anglo-Egyptian army throughout Egypt, eventually defeating the last Anglo-Egyptian army at the Battle of Aswan in southern Egypt, although the remnants of the Anglo-Egyptian army retreated into the Anglo-Egyptian Sultan.
(To be continued)