Xue Rengui

Wang Baochuan sat in the cold kiln and shed tears,

Daddy is in vain as an official,

I hate poverty, love wealth, and faith, and don't want it,

Once the flesh and blood are thrown away,

May Xue Lang be glorified this time,

It's not in vain that my Bao Chuan suffered.

This is a song in the opera "Farewell to the Army", famous, the prototype of the actor in the opera is the famous general Xue Rengui of the Tang Dynasty, and there are many excerpts related to it, which are popular, what "Red-Maned Horse", "Three High-Fives", "Da Dengdian", etc.,

It gives people the feeling that it is really comfortable and comfortable to be a man in ancient times, and it is cheap and unlucky to be a woman, but the desire for glory and wealth, and the shadow of a wife and children are the common aspirations of ancient men and women, and the opera reflects the voice of the masses, what kind of character is Xue Rengui in history? Did he marry the princess of Fanbang? Listen to me slowly.

Xue Rengui (614 A.D. - 683 A.D.) was a child of a pure peasant family, a famous gift, a native of Longmen, Jiangzhou (now Hejin, Shanxi), born with divine power, brave and brave, and a good embryo to be a general.

In his hometown of Xiuren Village, Hejin County, Shanxi, there is a legend of Xue Rengui's "Fenhe Bay Shooting Swallows", and the swallows can't escape Xue Rengui's bow and arrows, so they don't dare to steal the wheat in the villagers' fields. "There is a benevolent kiln in Hugang, and I don't know what season it is, and it is called Hugang. Heaven and earth are designed, and the situation is dangerous.

Climb to overlook, Fenshui is like a rainbow, through the wind mountain in the east of the ridge", according to legend, this kiln is the cold kiln where Xue Rengui and his wife lived, the famous "Farewell Kiln" in the opera took place here, the history books record that Xue Rengui married his wife Liu, to make a living from farming, he had planned to move the burial for his parents, his wife persuaded to make a contribution, first make meritorious contributions, show the family, and then move the burial for his parents is not too late. Xue Rengui was then recruited into the army and began a magnificent career.

In the last years of Zhenguan, Tang Taizong personally conquered Liaodong. Xue Rengui became Zhang Shigui's subordinate. Zhang Shigui in history is a native of the Lu clan in Yuzhou (now the Lu clan in Henan), his real name is Hu Yuan, good at riding and shooting, and in the last years of the Sui Dynasty. He once gathered a crowd as a thief, roaring in the mountains and forests, and was called a "thief".

Later, he was recruited by Tang Gaozu and became a famous general of the Tang Dynasty. Tang Taizong once praised him like this, "Wen Gongqin is a stone, a soldier first, although the ancient famous general, how can he add it!" I have heard that those who serve the country with their bodies do not care about their lives, but when they hear their words, they do not hear the facts, and they are seen by the public", Zhang Shigui died in the early years of Xianqing. Presented to the governor of Jingzhou and buried in Zhaoling. The novel describes Zhang Shigui's repeated pretending to be Xue Rengui's military exploits, which is really false and wronged the ancients.

The Fang Tian painting halberd used by Xue Rengui was probably his family heirloom weapon.

His sixth ancestor was Xue Andu, a famous general in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, "Andu Qinwang's strategy, righteousness is in the Pingping, running outside the land, and the crime is the same as the three rebellions", because he stood on the wrong side in the palace struggle. Unable to accommodate himself in the Southern Dynasty, he was forced to take refuge in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and when it reached Xue Rengui's generation, it had completely declined. However, the glory and courage of the distant ancestor made Xue Rengui both civil and military cultivation and physical fitness, and he quickly stood out in the battle and entered the eyes of the Son of Heaven of the Tang Dynasty.

In the nineteenth year of Zhenguan (645 AD), Li Shimin, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, drove his personal expedition and pointed directly at Goryeo. The Don army arrived at Andi. A Lang will be surrounded by the Goryeo army, the situation is critical, Xue Rengui flew forward, immediately beheaded the enemy general, hung his head on the saddle, and shocked the enemy in one fell swoop.

More wonderful moves followed, in order to highlight the effect of a little red in the green bushes, Xue Rengui was dressed in a white robe, which was particularly eye-catching, he held a halberd in his hand, "waist and bow", rushed into the enemy group, invincible. The Tang army was surrounded on all sides and was overwhelming, and the Goryeo army broke and fled, losing 20,000 troops. Tang Taizong was quickly caught by this god-like young man, and hurriedly asked who this person's surname was.

Xue Rengui saw the Son of Heaven of the Tang Dynasty, and was awarded the guerrilla general and Yunquan Mansion Guoyi on the spot, responsible for guarding the Xuanwu Gate, and in a blink of an eye, he changed from a soldier to a general, proving that gold always shines.

In the novel, it is described that he has been bullied by Zhang Shigui for many years and has nowhere to redress his grievances, purely to highlight the pathos of the protagonist.

The Tang Dynasty advocated military merit and rewarded them richly, and Xue Rengui got 2 horses, 40 silks, and 10 slaves at once.

On the way back to the court, Tang Taizong told Xue Rengui, "My old generals are old, and it is difficult to take on the heavy responsibility of guarding the frontier, I have always wanted to promote young generals, but I have not seen such an outstanding one as you."

I'm not happy to get Liaodong, but it's really happy to get a warrior like you", Tang Taizong promoted Xue Rengui to the right leading general, and still let him guard the Xuanwu Gate.

In the fifth year of Yonghui after Tang Gaozong succeeded to the throne, the emperor drove to the Wannian Palace, one night, the torrential rain became a disaster, causing a mountain flood, and the water rushed to the Xuanwu Gate, and the guards were shocked and fled in all directions. Xue Rengui was very angry, "The Son of Heaven is in trouble, but you are so greedy for life and afraid of death", he climbed high and shouted loudly to the palace, and finally woke up Tang Gaozong. Tang Gaozong had just left the palace and ascended to a high place

The flood turned the dormitory into an ocean, and if the emperor had hesitated for a moment, he would have been buried in the water. The emperor was glad and expressed his gratitude to his courtiers, "Fortunately, you woke me up, so I didn't drown."

, in the midst of danger, I know that you are a loyal minister". The emperor did not forget his saving grace in his life, even if Xue Rengui was defeated and died, he only abolished him as a concubine, and said to his favorite ministers in his later years, "In the past, Jiucheng Palace suffered a flood, and I would have died without you."

In the second year of Xianqing (657 AD), in the face of the capricious Western Turks, Tang Gaozong was determined to solve the problem once and for all, and Su Dingfang led the Chinese expeditionary force to attack the Western Turkic Khanate, defeating the Western Turkic Ashina Helu with a devastating momentum, and capturing the hostages of the Nishu tribe held by the Helu tribe. Between nomadic tribes, one side submitted to the opponent,

The consequence was that "they lost cattle, horses and sheep all year round, and they were outdated, and their wives were captured", they fell into the hands of the Tang army, and they were supposed to become untouchables, Xue Rengui persuaded the emperor to release the hostages of the muddy tribe and "send them generously".

The Nishu tribe took the initiative to serve the Tang army, and soon established the effective rule of the Tang Dynasty over the Western Regions, turning this vast land into a nomadic area in China.

In the third year of Xianqing, Cheng Mingzhen conquered Guiduan City in Goryeo and beheaded 3,000 people. In the fourth year of Xianqing (659 AD), Xue Rengui, together with Liang Jianfang and Qibi He Li, fought fiercely with the Goryeo army at Hengshan (now Huabiao Mountain near Liaoyang, Liaoning).

Xue Rengui took the lead, the arrows were not missed, and the enemy fell without a string, and in the subsequent battle of Shicheng, a Goryeo archer killed more than ten Tang soldiers in a row. Xue Rengui rushed to the crown angrily, riding one person and one horse, galloping, and pounced on the archer. Immediately captured the enemy alive, and the stunned enemy did not have time to pull the bowstring.

In the fifth year of Xianqing (660 AD), the Khitan Afugu and the Xi people jointly opposed the Tang Dynasty, and Xue Rengui and Xin Wenling defeated the Khitan in Montenegro and captured Afugu and a leader alive. and escorted them to the eastern capital. Xue Rengui was promoted to General Zuo Wuwei and was named a male of Hedong County.

In the first year of Longshuo (661), the Tiele chieftain Bisu poisoned and joined forces with other tribes to invade the territory, Tang Gaozong

Zheng Rentai was appointed as the chief of the Tiele Road march, and Xue Rengui was appointed as the deputy chief of the Tiele Road march, and sent troops to attack the four divisions of Sijie, Bayegu, Servant Gu, and Tongluo.

Before leaving, Tang Gaozong set up a banquet, and he intended to test Xue Rengui's marksmanship skills, "The ancients said that a sharpshooter can shoot through seven layers of armor. Today you're going to try the five-layer armor."

Xue Rengui was calm and calm, and an arrow pierced through the five layers of armor, winning the admiration of the audience, and the emperor was happy, and gave him strong armor on the spot to show encouragement.

At that time, Tiele Jiu had more than 100,000 soldiers, and with the geographical advantages of the Tianshan Mountains, he tried to compete with the Tang Dynasty. They sent dozens of brave knights to challenge, and in the blink of an eye, three people were killed by Xue Rengui's three arrows. Frightened, the Tiele dismounted and surrendered, giving up resistance.

In order to eliminate future troubles, Xue Rengui ordered his subordinates. The 130,000 Tiele people who had surrendered were killed on the spot, creating a horrific atrocity in Chinese history. Xue Rengui pursued to Mobei and captured the three Ye Hu brothers.

Tiele nine surnames declined, Xue Rengui became the world's mortal killer, in Goryeo, the locals only need to say, "Xue Li is here", the children in the family immediately stopped crying, Xue Rengui became the fierce god in the eyes of the enemies of the Tang Dynasty, the Tang army sang everywhere, "The general has three arrows to set the Tianshan Mountain, and the strong man sings into the Han Pass."

There is such a sentence in the courtier's impeachment of Xue Rengui, "Although the concubine stays, the quasi-law must deviate", the woman who came to rob Xue Rengui became Xue Rengui's concubine, and guessed from the situation at the time, she was likely to be a Tiele nobleman, different from the princess of Daizhan in the opera, and the princess Daizhan forced Xue Rengui to be her husband.

Pei Xingzhen once said, "But after the fear of killing and surrendering, there is no return", the Tang law prohibiting killing and surrendering is clear, Xue Rengui indulged his subordinates to loot and burn, and privately brought women into the camp, which was originally a crime of beheading, but under the guise of improving the combat effectiveness of the army, it became a forgivable behavior, just like the famous saying of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the army is thousands of miles away, regardless of the small fault.

The fortress was the easiest to attack from within the enemy, and the harassment of the Tang army during the spring ploughing and autumn harvest seasons only played a role in exhausting the enemy, and the division within the enemy brought a good opportunity to the Tang Dynasty. In the first year of Qianfeng (666 AD), Goryeo Moli Zhiquan Gai Suwen died, and the eldest son Quan Nan succeeded him as the prime minister, and was expelled by the second brother Quan Nanjian.

Quan Nan sent his son Quan Xiancheng to ask Datang for help, and Tang Gao sent Pang Tongshan and Gao Kan to meet him, but Quan Nanjian turned him away. Xue Rengui was ordered to escort the envoys, but was attacked by the Goryeo army in Xincheng, and the Tang army killed hundreds of enemies.

Pang Tongshan arrived at Jinshan, and was defeated by the Goryeo, Xue Rengui came out of nowhere, intercepted the enemy army, killed the falling flowers, beheaded more than 50,000 levels, broke through the three cities of Nansu, Mudi, and Cangyan, and rendezvoused with Quannan Nanshun Lì. Tang Gaozong was very pleased, "Qing took the lead, fought desperately, rushed left and right, and was unstoppable, all the troops were brave, and he was very happy", and encouraged Xue Rengui to make persistent efforts and make new contributions.

Xue Rengui was ready to lead 2,000 soldiers to attack Fuyu City, but the generals felt that the troops were too small, but Xue Rengui was full of confidence, "The strength of the army lies in the good use of the main general, not in the more the merrier."

He took the lead bravely, invincible, the Tang army killed more than 10,000 enemies, and soon took Buyeo City. More than 40 cities in Buyeongchuan lost the fighting spirit to resist to the end, and surrendered to the wind, Xue Rengui attacked the city along the coast, and joined forces with Li Tao in Pyongyang City, Goryeo surrendered, and before that, in the fifth year of Hyeongyeong, Baekje was also annexed by the Tang Dynasty.

Xue Rengui and Liu Renliang stayed in Pyongyang, commanding 20,000 Tang troops, and he was promoted to the general of Youweiwei, the prince of Pingyang County, and the protector of Andong.

The history books say that he raised orphans, supported the elderly, promoted talents, and commended righteousness, so that the Goryeo scholars were happy to admire, which is probably an exaggeration, otherwise Tang Gaozong would not have moved tens of thousands of Goryeo scholars to the hinterland of the Tang Dynasty and became the assimilation object of the Han people.

The descendants of Quan Xiancheng first claimed to be Korean, and later called themselves Tang people.

Quan Xiancheng's descendant Quan Yu married the daughter of the Taiyuan Wang family, the Taiyuan Wang family is the first class of the Tang Dynasty, usually even the royal family does not pay much attention, and happily married with the Quan family, indicating that the Quan family has been integrated into the mainstream society of the Tang Dynasty, and is no longer the identity of a marginal person.

However, looking at this process of integration, it will be found that this is not an idyllic cappella, but a contest of blood and fire between nations, and the Han nation can continue to this day, only acting as the victorious side of the contest, and the loser either becomes a passing guest in history, or only the wail of the old and the young.

In the third year of Longshuo (663 AD), Tubo marched into Tuyuhun, and the remnants of Tuyuhun King Nuo Haobo fled to Liangzhou and asked for help from the Tang Dynasty, accompanied by his wife, Princess Honghua, the daughter of the Tang Dynasty.

Tubo attacked the Western Regions under the jurisdiction of the Tang Dynasty, "so the four towns of Anxi were abolished." Of course, Tang Gaozong was unwilling to spit out the fat in his mouth, and in the name of restoring the Tuyuhun Kingdom, he sent elite soldiers and strong generals to compete with the Tubo army.

In the first year of Xianheng (670 AD), Xue Rengui became the general manager of the Luosa Road march, with Ashina Daozhen and Guo Beifeng as his deputies, leading more than 100,000 troops to meet the Tubo army.

After Guo Zhifeng was a famous general, he was on the same level as Xue Rengui before, but this time he was a deputy general, and he felt quite unhappy in his heart.

After the Tang army arrived at Dafeichuan (now the Qieji Plain in Qinghai), they prepared to march into Wuhai (now Kuhai in the southwest of Guanghai County, Qinghai), Xue Rengui believed that "Wuhai is dangerous and miasma, and I am in the place of death, which can be described as a dangerous road", and can only be quickly resolved, and changes will occur later, the terrain of Dafeiling is wide and flat, and two fences can be arranged to protect the baggage, leaving 10,000 people to guard, and the main force is fast and lightly armed, in order to break the enemy in one fell swoop.

Guo Zhifeng undertook the task of protecting the baggage, Xue Rengui led the elite, rushed to Wuhai, and encountered the Tubo army at the mouth of the river, tens of thousands of Tubo people were killed and wounded, and the Tang army obtained tens of thousands of cattle and sheep.

Xue Rengui returned to Wuhai City and sent someone to answer Guo Beifeng's baggage. Unexpectedly, Guo Beifeng violated Xue Rengui's arrangement, and slowly walked behind with heavy grain and grass without authorization, and was surrounded by 200,000 troops in Tubo, "the grain battle was exhausted", cutting off the supply and support of the Tang army.

Xue Rengui retreated to Dafeichuan, it was too late, the 400,000 troops of Tubo had come to meet the battle, the Tang army was defeated, almost the whole army was annihilated, Xue Rengui was also captured by Tubo, and in the absence of a choice, he had to negotiate peace with the Tubo general Ka Qinling. After the peace negotiation, Xue Rengui brought his own shackles and returned to Chang'an to ask the emperor for guilt.

According to the Tang law, he should have been put to death for the felony of losing his teacher, but the emperor, remembering his past merits and loyalty, only removed him as a Shuren. "Tuyuhun from the Jin Yongjia comes, the beginning of the west to cross the Taoshui, built in the hometown of Qunqiang, to Longshuo three years for the destruction of Tubo, where 350 years", Xue Rengui's defeat is quite accidental, Wu Zetian in the first year of longevity (692 AD), Wuwei army chief Wang Xiaojie, Wuwei general Ashina Zhong led the army to break Tubo, recovering the four towns of Anxi, re-set the Anxi capital in Qiuzi, the permanent army of 30,000 people, regained the Tang Dynasty's dominance over the Western Regions (to be continued. )