Chapter 451: New Policies North of the Yangtze River
Huguang is definitely a hard bone in the reform, and it is very difficult to gnaw. In the vast land of Huguang, especially in Hunan, the folk customs are generally relatively strong, and it has always been a new force to resist external invasion.
However, the local landlords, when they rebelled against the agricultural tax reform, were also strong, and the civil servants who went to the countryside to measure the land were beaten with blue noses and swollen faces, and it was difficult to carry out their work for a while.
Agrarian reform was forced to grind to a standstill.
As soon as Zhu Youxiao's policy came to pass, the officials of the Huguang Han Imperial Party immediately began to implement it, and soon won over a large number of landlords who were willing to reform. State-owned enterprises will contribute capital and technology, and landlords will contribute land, and a joint venture agricultural reclamation company will be established to release the population in the land and adopt the maximum efficiency mode of agricultural production.
At the same time, they concentrated on cracking down on the armed forces and a number of anti-French landlords, all of whom were arrested and detained. Those who made a particularly violent fuss were arrested and sentenced.
There are also a large number of people who are not taken care of for the time being.
In addition, the government has stepped up its propaganda efforts and called on landlords to set up agricultural companies to manage the land.
The main reason for the establishment of agricultural companies is to change the mode of agricultural production and thus free the population from the land.
Under the control of more than 100,000 troops of the imperial court, the resistance of the landlords of Huguang against the law did not further brew into a rebellion, and under the suspension policy of the imperial court, the situation quickly stabilized.
The imperial court did not need to complete the agricultural tax reform in the Huguang area immediately, and could take it slowly step by step and continue to release the population without affecting the goal.
In every prefecture and county, the armed police and other forces are the first to deal with the local thorny landlords and launch the activities of killing chickens and setting an example for monkeys.
At the provincial level, however, they concentrate their efforts on first solving the problem of landlord resistance in a certain prefecture or county.
At the same time, it also co-opted and isolated a group.
There are really few people who dare to rebel, at most they resist the law. After all, the imperial court had just conquered Mongolia, and the front-line army was directly transferred to the reform provinces.
Only a fool would jump out at this time and raise the banner of rebellion.
Hukou reform is also underway, with construction funds from the imperial court and investment from state-owned enterprises arriving, and the construction of urban infrastructure and water conservancy projects in the reformed areas has begun.
The people in the Huguang and Huaihe areas immediately gained a large number of employment opportunities. Because the reform abolished the forced labor, everyone was paid to work on the construction site.
The unemployed in the cities and towns were first addressed, and then the agricultural population released from the countryside was also absorbed by these construction activities.
The construction of water conservancy, railways, roads, telegraphs, and other infrastructure immediately improved people's livelihood.
Huguang is an important commercial grain producing area, where commercial grain can be transported to the south of the Yangtze River by water, and now it can be transported to the north by train on the north bank of the Yangtze River.
The water conservancy project is the largest project in the reform and construction of Huguang Province, and the railway is also an important project, and it is planned to build a complete railway network to connect all prefectures and counties.
The road system is also being built, but on a smaller scale, and more by local governments. It is mainly used to improve township transportation.
Naturally, the telegraph was to be laid in full force, and the administration and the like were already inseparable from the telegraph.
In addition, in terms of urban infrastructure, urban drainage systems, and housing, a large number of workers are needed.
Banks have abundant money and can lend a large amount to local governments and state-owned enterprises, and the interest rates are the lowest.
State-owned enterprise capital poured into Huguang in large quantities, on the one hand, to participate in Huguang's agricultural production, and on the other hand, to control Huguang's commodity market.
After the reform was launched, paper money began to become the currency in circulation, and silver taels and silver dollars were no longer directly used for market transactions.
A large number of state-owned enterprises poured into Huguang, further occupying the Huguang market.
The industry and commerce in Huguang are not so developed, and there are not many commodities themselves, and the market share that has been squeezed out is mainly the goods in the Jiangnan area.
It can be said that this reform has had a huge impact on the rural natural economy in the Huguang area.
In the past, the commodity economy in Jiangnan was overflowing, but it did not flood to the extent that the goods of state-owned enterprises are now flooded, and with the construction of railways in various places, all kinds of commodities will reduce transportation costs, and then cause a huge impact on the rural natural economy. In addition, the agricultural tax reform forced the landlords to change their production patterns, and most of the tenants would leave the land and move to the towns to become workers.
If it is the Ming Dynasty in the past, the impact on the rural natural economy is simply a move to find death, because the ruling system of the Ming Dynasty in the past is based on the model of the rural natural economy, once the rural natural economy collapses, and the inability to resettle the population who have left the countryside will produce huge social hidden dangers.
But now it's different, those who come out of the countryside can find work in the towns. They could even emigrate to various places, and the imperial court could allocate land to those immigrants, or arrange jobs and temporary housing for them. They can also be given loans, relief, etc., and the resettlement capacity is very strong.
Huguang is densely populated, and the productivity of most of the population is relatively average. In particular, the Huguang area, because of its abundant agricultural resources, has never been a place where people will starve to death, so the pace of life of the people is very slow, and they do not have the same sense of crisis as the people in the coastal provinces, and they are not so industrious.
A lot of labor is actually wasted.
The purpose of the reforms was to free up this labor force and increase the number of industrial populations. Therefore, the contradiction of this reform is actually the contradiction between the capitalist class and the landlord class, and there will be so many landlords who violently resist the law.
Generally speaking, when such contradictions erupt, there will be wars. As in history, Britain and the United States have had such wars.
When the Ming Dynasty was also reforming the north, the Fuwang rebellion represented the interests of the landlord class.
If it weren't for the fact that the imperial court had dispatched more than 100,000 field troops to sit in Huguang, the rebellion would have spread throughout Huguang.
The main reason is that people who do not have a certain height jump out to rebel, so even if the landlords below are very anxious and want to rebel in their hearts, they can only suppress the restlessness in their hearts.
The imperial court hardly gave the slightest chance to rebel, and various reform projects were carried out in Huguang in an orderly manner.
Those landlords who were co-opted by the imperial court were overjoyed. Everyone can see that they can't twist their arms and thighs in this reform.
However, most landlords are confused about agricultural companies, some of them have insufficient funds, and some of them do not know how to manage and operate.
However, after the reform, the agricultural tax was paid as usual.
With the original mode of production, in addition to the small landlords can still support, then the big landlords have to post money every year. Then there is no other way but to sell the land. Many landlords regard the land as their lifeblood.
The establishment of agricultural companies in joint ventures with state-owned enterprises means that their interests can be safeguarded. In particular, in the fourteenth year of the Apocalypse, futures trading appeared on the Beijing Stock Exchange.
Bulk agricultural product futures appear, and rice is also a type in the futures market, which means that after the establishment of an agricultural company, you can directly go to the capital to place an order, and the annual income will be relatively stable.
At the same time, the government has begun to try to adopt the model of order production for commercial grain production, and this system will gradually be popularized in the Huguang area, and only the land for the production of orders will have to pay taxes. And those that are vacant do not need to pay taxes.
The production model of these agricultural companies is nothing more than the purchase of agricultural machinery to improve productivity, and the agricultural machinery factories of state-owned enterprises have developed a lot of agricultural machinery for rice cultivation, which have been used in Taiwan and Nanyang and other places. At the same time, many of them were sold to the southern market, and these agricultural machinery improved a lot of production efficiency.
By using agricultural machinery, repairing water conservancy, and using chemical fertilizers, the population is freed from the land by reducing labor input, increasing agricultural output.
This is actually a conflict of interests, and whoever controls the population has an interest.
When the population is in the hands of the landlords, the landlords have an interest. When the population is in the hands of the capitalists, the capitalists have an interest.
However, this reform was supported by the common people and the small landlord class in Huguang.
Both the urban people, the yeoman farmers, the tenant farmers, and the small landlord class supported this reform. For ordinary townspeople, the reform has eliminated the need to pay conscription taxes and other messy taxes, while at the same time increasing jobs and solving the problem of household registration.
Homesteaders do not have to pay agricultural taxes if their land is less than 30 mu, and the tenant rents of tenant farmers have also been reduced to 15 percent, whereas in the past, the tenant rents of tenant farmers were generally fifty or sixty percent.
As for the small landlord class, they had to pay a relatively low agricultural tax, no more than 10 percent, and many had only 5 percent, and although the tenant rent was less, they easily moved to the hired farms.
As a result, the rebellion of the big landlords lacked a certain mass base.
When ordinary people don't want to rebel, those big landlords are also helpless. Because there is not enough momentum to follow the trend. They jumped out to rebel, like a boat sailing against the current.
Therefore, this agricultural reform only harmed the interests of a small number of large and medium-sized landlords. Especially for those landlords whose family members have obtained fame, the rise and fall of the landlord class in the Ming Dynasty is actually based on fame.
Now that the fame is useless, the same tax must be paid as a whole, and the privileges are directly deprived.
Under the reform, the situation in Huguang seems to be a little treacherous, but in fact it is very stable, and there is no big trouble.
Those large and medium-sized landlords should be out of the game, the transformation of the transformation, the court at least left a way for them to go, although the interests were damaged, but there was no degree of rebellion at the expense of their lives.
In the Huai River Valley, the reform has gone much more smoothly.
The landlord class here is not so stubborn, and under the general trend of imperial court reform, although violent resistance to the French has occurred, there are not so many.
In Fengyang, the reform of the imperial court immediately released the long-squeezed contradiction between the government and the people.
In the past, there was the ancestral tomb of the Ming Dynasty here, and the local people had a heavy tax burden. The local people generally hated the government, and later cooperated with the thieves to dig up the ancestral grave of the Zhu family, which shows the extent to which the contradictions have accumulated.
This reform abolished the burden of forced labor and all kinds of messy burdens.
In view of the frequent local disasters, Zhu Youxiao directly exempted Fengyang from agricultural taxes for three years, and the people of Fengyang were immediately happy, and the local people's grievances were quickly released.
The reforms in the Huguang and Huai River basins soon released a large number of people.
In the northern Jiangsu region, the imperial court adopted a reclamation policy. There are plenty of reed grass beaches, mainly to provide fuel for boiling salt.
So there is a lot of land that has not been cultivated, and although some displaced people sneak in to reclaim the land, most of the area is still in a barren state.
There is no salt boiling here, and the salt production method has become dried salt, concentrated in the Bohai Bay area of Beizhili and Shandong provinces, and with the progress of technology, the seay smell of dried salt is not so heavy, but high-grade salt is still green salt and bamboo salt.
Those reed grass beaches were useless, so Zhu Youxiao asked a little wetland reserve to be drawn below, and all other places were reclaimed, resources were allocated, and prefectures and counties were set up, and the administration was restored, and these three areas were brought under management. As for the land that has been reclaimed above, the household registration and title deeds will be completed for those people.
The northern Jiangsu region can be reclaimed into a cotton-producing area and a grain-producing area.
The scholars and chaebols in the Jiangnan region were already panicking at this time, and the Jiangbei region had already been reformed, and it seemed that the next step would be the turn of the Jiangnan region.
The newspapers were full of news of reform every day, and the people were sticking their heads out and looking forward to the arrival of reform.
With Zhu Youxiao's reform of the north, the revitalization of the commodity market and people's livelihood in the north, and the victory of Mongolia, his prestige has risen to a new height. The Jiangnan Shi clan now wants to hack the emperor, and they don't know where it came from.
Ordinary people are not fools, the reform policy of the imperial court is in front of them, and it is easy to think about who it is good for.
They only knew that the reforms implemented by the imperial court were beneficial to them.
In particular, there are more workers in Jiangnan, the degree of urbanization is relatively high, and a large number of workers are looking forward to the imperial court carrying out reforms in Jiangnan.
In the fourteenth year of the Apocalypse, Jiangbei built a railway in an all-round way.
In areas where the main railway lines have already been built, large-scale construction of railway branch lines has begun. In this vigorous railway construction, the economic market pattern of the Ming Dynasty has been rapidly rewritten, and industry and commerce will become more prosperous because of the emergence of the railway.
In the Gangnam region, the construction of the first railway also began.
This railway is not connected to the Jiangbei Railway, but is transshipped by ferry. The Ministry of Industry is currently studying the plan for the construction of the Yangtze River Bridge, and will not start construction for the time being.
The first railway in Jiangnan was from Nanjing to Suzhou, and from Suzhou to Hangzhou. In the economically developed areas here, the railways here will be highly commercially profitable.
The imperial court built the railway to the south of the Yangtze River, and a group of scholars and chaebols were helpless.
The penetration of the state-owned capital consortium into the Jiangnan market has been very serious, and many big businessmen have taken refuge in the state-owned capital consortium.
Capital is a game of big fish eating small fish, and at the same time capital is also weak, when the state-owned capital consortium throws an olive branch, naturally a large number of businessmen will rush up and hug their thighs.
Now that Zhu Youxiao's state-owned capital consortium is dominant, as long as the reform policy is implemented in Jiangnan, the Jiangnan Shi clan and the chaebol will collapse. (To be continued.) )