Chapter 186: Emperor Hua's Discipline and Administration
The reason why he wanted to take the initiative to provoke a war against China at this time was nothing more than three reasons: first, the strength of his navy was strong enough to make him invincible; Second, China is in a period of alternation between the old and the new, with domestic politics and various military and political forces intertwined and complex, local separatist forces and forces left over from the previous dynasties emerging one after another, and the situation is chaotic. Third, the new Chinese empire was facing a precarious financial crisis.
In addition, China's military and political forces in the next 10 years will inevitably develop rapidly in the direction of reunification and strength, and if this opportunity at this stage is missed, it will no longer be able to interfere with China.
Dai Jitao once wrote a book entitled "The Theory of the Confession", and when he was Sun Yat-sen's secretary, he had four private meetings with Katsura Taro, who was then the prime minister of the Saymoto cabinet, and the conversation lasted for 15 to 16 hours.
Although he denied such a meeting during the Tokyo trial, there was evidence of both human and material evidence, and it was proved that the plot to invade China was a long-term policy that existed before 1913, and it can also be proved from such a conversation that the driving force behind the invasion of China came from "the pressure of immigration and trade."
In 1908, the total population was 42.8 million, 2.1 acres of cultivated land per capita, and in 1910 it exceeded 43.49 million, and it is expected that in 1925, the per capita cultivated land will fall below the standard of 1.7 acres.
Compared with China, the pressure of the crisis is greater, which forces the company to gamble on the fortune of the country again and again, and if he doesn't gamble anyway, he will sit back and wait to die.
…… The first provisional constitution of the empire has not been adopted for a long time, but under the haze of the Sino-Chinese war, all kinds of work have been urgently accelerated, and the general list of the first imperial central parliament with the Liberation Council, the New Deal Strong Congress, the Constituent Council, the Ming Cooking Party, and the Restoration and Progressive Association as the main body has been issued ahead of schedule, and members of the National Assembly from all over the country have arrived in Beijing one after another.
Due to the urgency of the situation and the inconvenience of transportation, the members of the National Assembly in various localities adopted the "Provisional Discipline and Administration Law" by means of telegram voting, and before the adoption of the "First Provisional Constitution of the Chinese Empire", Song Biao was recognized as the emperor in advance, and the emperor was first granted the power of training, which legally removed the obstacles for Song Biao's political training.
Although it is a bit slow in terms of speed, Song Biao insists on following the procedures of the law every step and does not give possible political opponents any fault.
The day after the "Provisional Law on Political Training" was passed urgently, Song Biao convened a political training meeting at the Guangfu Pavilion in Xihai Pagoda Park, which was attended by all 14 cabinet ministers.
Discipline and government.
The so-called "discipline and administration" means "discipline and supervision", even if he did not officially ascend the throne as the emperor and did not formally obtain the recognition of the National Assembly through the provisional constitution, Song Biao could hold the training regime higher than the cabinet and command the cabinet.
After all, he was the emperor and did not participate in cabinet meetings, which was very similar to the annual meeting of the Far Eastern Foundation.
Because it was the first training meeting of the Empire, and at the same time facing the urgent pressure of both military and diplomatic affairs, the cabinet ministers were extremely nervous.
In view of the urgency of the situation and the urgency of the discipline, Song Biao chose to lower the etiquette specifications of the training meeting, but he wore the uniform of the commander of the imperial army and navy to attend the training meeting, sitting in the chief seat of the long conference table, Prime Minister Tang Shaoyi sat in the first seat on his left, the foreign minister sat in the second seat on the left, the Minister of War Shu Fangde sat in the first seat on his right, the Minister of the Navy Cheng Biguang sat in the second seat on the right, and so on.
There is a separate row of conference tables on the left and right sides of the perimeter of the central conference table, where cabinet ministers from the Cabinet Office, the State Coast Guard, the General Administration of Taxation and the General Administration of Customs and Excise are seated.
After the arrival of all the staff, Song Biao attended accompanied by the internal attendants, before the emperor entered the training hall, the cabinet members had already gotten up, and when they saw the emperor, they bowed and saluted, waiting for Song Biao to sit down in the seat, although it was a discipline again, strictly speaking, Song Biao as the emperor of the constitutional monarchy did not need to say too much, but he still spoke to you first: "This is the first training meeting of the empire, and it is facing a severe threat to the army, the survival of the nation is on the verge of death, and the national fortune is unpredictable. I hope that you will work together to live and die with the country, and share the glory and disgrace with the people of China. ”
Hearing such words, Tang Shaoyi, as the prime minister, only felt that the pressure on his shoulders was extremely heavy, he got up and bowed again, and said: "Please rest assured, Your Majesty, the ministers will put life and death aside, protect the country's territory and dignity at all costs, and never cede an inch of land or a single cent of national interests." ”
The other ministers could only stand up and salute again, and everyone was silent, as if what Tang Shaoyi said was everyone's inner words.
Under the persecution of the Chinese nation, the fate of China and the Chinese nation has indeed reached the most critical moment, and victory will lead to national reunification and great rejuvenation is just around the corner, while defeat will lead to the division of the country, and the nation will continue to sink and continue to be oppressed and maimed by foreign powers.
Song Biao could not openly say anything like "there must be a war" at such a meeting at this moment, and he didn't want to say anything else, so he motioned for the ministers to sit down and continue the meeting.
The itinerary of the meeting went according to the original schedule, and Tang Shaoyi first began to talk about the financial crisis.
The first prime minister of the Chinese Empire was destined to be a transitional prime minister who would lead China from the old bureaucratic system to the new political axe system, while Tang Shaoyi was a new-school intellectual and new-school bureaucrat who came out of the old bureaucratic system, and had very good performance in taxation, trade, customs, diplomacy, reclamation, provincial politics, etc., and had rich political experience. Cai Yuanpei and others are more suitable to preside over the work of the premier of the central cabinet.
If there are no accidents, Song Biao will in principle support the prime minister to complete the two terms of ten years, but not longer, and as emperor, Song Biao will not support others to share the leadership authority of this era with him.
Tang Shaoyi's old bureaucratic career started in the Tianjin Taxation Yamen, which was an important advantage for him, and he had a very in-depth understanding of the financial and taxation work of the political axe.
With the help of Chancellor of the Exchequer Chang Kang-jen and the Director of the State Administration of Taxation Ouyang Xi, Tang Shaoyi compiled a comprehensive report on the fiscal crisis of the New Deal in advance, taking the Tsarist Empire as an important reference, according to conventional calculations, if China normally collects 10% of the annual agricultural tax per mu, the average agricultural tax per mu can reach 1.2 silver yuan, and the national statistics of 1.4 billion mu of cultivated land can bring 1.68 billion silver yuan in taxes, about 167.93 million pounds.
The vastness of the territory and the large area of arable land were the most important advantages of the new empire.
Even if the national agricultural tax is lowered to 1/15 of the 6.67% level (which is absolutely impossible), and considering the exemptions, omissions, human faults, etc. in the process of tax collection, the national agricultural tax should not be less than 785 million silver yuan, and at the same time, considering the 3:7 split between the central and local provinces in the agricultural tax, the total agricultural tax of the central government should not be less than 235 million silver yuan, while the total agricultural tax of the Qing government in previous years was only 50 million taels of silver.
This speaks volumes.
However, this was not the main factor in the central financial crisis, the main factor was the chaos of local finances, and the lack of officials at the provincial and county levels led to the waste of tax collection work, so that the tax revenue of 1910 did not flow effectively to the central government.
According to the thorough investigation conducted by the taxation authorities in various provinces, facts have proved that in most areas, last year's tax collection has not stopped, the so-called revolutionary armies in various localities are still leviing taxes in large quantities and taking advantage of the opportunity to expand their troops, and local regimental training and security regiments have also levied taxes in various names, and the policy of abolishing the centimetric and miscellaneous taxes implemented by the central authorities has not only failed to be implemented, but the taxes borne by the peasants in various localities have increased compared with last year.
Even in the north and in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, the reduction still did not meet the central government's standards, and such huge taxes fell into the hands of various small local private armed forces.
Tang Shaoyi said a lot of problems, but the final conclusion was that if we want to sort out the financial problems of the central government, we must greatly clean up the small armed forces all over the country, no matter what banner the other side is waving, whether it is the liberation revolution or the autonomous revolution, whether it is the security forces or the regimental training, we must crack down on them in general, and all localities must investigate the taxation and strive to submit the tax collected in various localities last year to the surprise report, even if it is in accordance with the tax-sharing system, it is necessary to ensure that the central government increases the revenue of 30 million silver.
Tang Shaoyi was very anxious, he had to solve the central financial crisis as soon as possible, even though he had obtained about 16 million taels of silver through the seizure of the assets of the Qing Dynasty's Household Department, the Treasury of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and the property of the Manchu elites, in addition to the 40 million silver yuan loan from the Far Eastern Bank, the central treasury actually had no money to spare, and it completely relied on the issuance of currency to solve the financial crisis.
The salaries of the new army in various provinces, the regular expenses of officials and political axes in various places have made it difficult for the cabinet to move forward, and at the same time, they have to face an upcoming large-scale national war.
Song Biao was not in a hurry to speak, he had been very silent listening to Tang Shaoyi presiding over the central cabinet meeting, listening to the cabinet ministers explain the various difficult problems at the present stage, and the focus was still on the two areas of excessive local small armed forces and chaotic tax collection work.
At this moment, Song Biao felt a lot of emotion in his heart, if there was no sudden attack on the book, he would have been able to deal with these problems very easily, and the thieves everywhere did not have the courage to confront the central army, but now it is two different things, on the one hand, there are all kinds of difficulties in the country, and on the other hand, the army of the whole country is pressing.
After Tang Shaoyi made various preset deployment opinions on the matter of the financial crisis, he first asked Song Biao: "Your Majesty, the opinions of the ministers and others are roughly like this, and please ask Your Majesty to make a holy judgment!" ”
The cabinet ministers bowed their heads slightly to each other, unable to look up and listen intently to the emperor's final opinion.
Song Biao pondered silently for a moment, and then said: "As the old saying goes, the outside must first be settled inside, everything has a focus, and now the external troubles are important, and the country must not be in a situation of internal and external troubles, so it is not because of the rush to recover last year's taxes as the main focus of solving the financial crisis, this matter should first focus on the investigation, and if it can be recovered in the near future, it will be recovered, and if it cannot be recovered, it will be investigated and dealt with according to law through legislation, and it is not a problem to delay the solution for a few years." At the present stage, the central government can continue to deal with the problem by borrowing money and stepping up the allocation of customs taxes. I have already inquired with the Far Eastern Bank and several other foreign banks that they can borrow about 40 million taels of silver to issue Chinese silver yuan, which will generally enable the central government to tide over the financial crisis. The customs side collected 24 million taels of silver last year, and half of it has not yet been recorded in the accounts, so it is imperative to negotiate with the customs side as soon as possible to withdraw the money. Other deficiencies can be supplemented by the issuance of treasury bonds. In short, the top priority at the moment is to stabilize the livelihood of the people in the country, not to provoke new contradictions, and to maintain stability in everything so that the whole country can work together to deal with the military threat that has been brought to the fore. ”
As soon as he said this, it meant that Tang Shaoyi's previous words had no meaning, and he had to readjust his strategy, and Tang Shaoyi had no doubts at all, let alone dared to challenge this conclusion.
Tang Shaoyi immediately said yes: "Your Majesty, the ministers and others should do their best to handle it and stabilize the domestic civil affairs, so as to facilitate the unanimous dialogue of the whole country." ”
Immediately, Tang Shaoyi and Song Biao said: "Your Majesty, China's tariffs have always been controlled by the British, in the name of the Shangqing political axe to hire these foreign officials, in fact, it has always been the direct control of the British minister in our country, and the ministers have tried their best to negotiate with the British, although they have been giving positive answers, in fact, they have been delaying again and again, obviously deliberately delaying, continuing to use the financial crisis of our political axe to blackmail us, trying to make us promise to continue to hand over customs to British control in the future." ”
Song Biao said: "There is no doubt that when the British and the alliance forced Britain to stand on the side of the country. Now that the matter has come to this, don't leave too much room for them to pay their taxes within a deadline. You just said that I said it, and it is precisely because Britain has always taken the opportunity to blackmail us at such times, so Britain will never be a friend that the Chinese nation and the empire can trust, and neither I, nor the cabinet, nor the whole people should have any illusions about the British newspaper. The media and the people are also forces that can be mobilized, and they can mobilize editorials and organize student demonstrations, so that all the people know that Britain is helping the British to continue its aggression against our country. ”
Tang Shaoyi couldn't help but feel that this method was a bit excessive, and if he completely angered Britain to stand on the side of Yueben, it would be worth the loss, but he didn't have the courage to refute Song Biao, so he could only continue to nod and say yes, the good news is that the Far Eastern Bank and foreign banks are willing to continue to lend some money, at least so that he, the prime minister, can live a good life for a period of time, so that he will not even be unable to pay the officials' salaries and military salaries.
Song Biao paused for a moment to think for a moment, and continued to add to Tang Shaoyi: "It is necessary to mobilize the strength of the whole country and the nation to actively prepare for war, and there can be no momentary hesitation, but in the matter of clearing up taxes, the cabinet must also have quick action and long-term planning. To solve the domestic tax problem, there are three strategies: First, it is necessary to establish a sound taxation system, to establish as soon as possible in Zhili, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and other provinces, to establish provincial taxation departments, local government taxation bureaus, and county taxation bureaus, to set up tax offices in townships and towns, to appoint qualified tax officials, carefully selected, and not to be extravagant; Second, it is necessary to strengthen the establishment and regularization of patrol forces in various localities, and digest and disband local miscellaneous armed forces; The third is to adopt various temporary tax laws and regulations as soon as possible, determine the tax distribution mechanism between the central and provincial governments, withdraw local monetary rights, unify the national currency, and implement a modern monetary system. Through these three-point efforts, we should take a three-pronged approach to treat both the symptoms and the root causes, fundamentally prevent local forces from interfering in tax work, and gradually establish a nationwide tax system. ”
Tang Shaoyi paused again and said, "Please rest assured, Your Majesty." ”
Song Biao thought for a while, and added: "The matter of the national debt should be handled as soon as possible, and the British-Chinese alliance can be skillfully used to actively promote it throughout the country, and officials at all levels must spend 30 percent of their salaries to purchase the national treasury bonds, and the central government's internal court expenses will all be donated to purchase the treasury bonds." Report more on how I bought national bonds to support the country's invasion of us, so that I defeated the former Beiyang Navy Division and occupied Taiwan, so let's do a good job. ”
"Yes!"
Tang Shaoyi and the others could only pause again and again.
It is said that the military and the government are strictly separated, do not interfere with each other, say that it is a constitutional monarchy, and the real military power is controlled in the hands of Emperor Song Biao, where does the so-called central cabinet have the courage to stand up to each other?
After the meeting, Song Biao got up and left first, and everyone stood up and bowed again, until the emperor left the training hall, everyone sat down again with facial paralysis, looked at each other, and each could not say anything.
The discipline of the government is really similar to the lesson.
It is inevitable that there will be other cabinet ministers who want to sympathize with Tang Shaoyi, but Tang Shaoyi should sympathize with other cabinet ministers, the first session of the National Assembly is imminent, the provisional cabinet is generally a member of the New Deal Strong Congress, and there are not many members of the Restoration Association and the Chinese Revolutionary Party.
Tang Shaoyi knows that although he is not a descendant of the imperial party, he will not leave the position of prime minister, at least at this stage, he still has the trust of His Majesty the emperor, and Foreign Minister Ouyang Geng obviously will not have a crisis, Zhang Kangren, Ouyang Xi, and Shu Fangde are all real imperial parties, and they control the three major positions of finance, taxation and army in the cabinet, and they are also worry-free, and it is difficult to say about the rest.
Yuan Shikai is very special, after accepting the appointment of the Minister of Communications, he has been checking the railways in various places, and he has hardly officially returned to Beijing, what is this person thinking, Tang Shaoyi is also quietly figuring out, he always feels that Yuan Shikai is likely to be eyeing his position. Although he was a subordinate of Yuan Shikai for many years, now that the carp jumps over the dragon gate, it is no longer what it used to be, so naturally he will not be caught, in terms of ability and knowledge, he does not think that he will be worse than Yuan Shikai, or even only do better.
After the political training meeting, Song Biao returned to his office to continue to meet with Zhang Kangren and Ouyang Xi, and listened to their separate reports on the work of the central government and the provincial government axe.
This work is now gradually being completed and will be formally implemented as soon as it is approved by the National Assembly.
Song Biao carefully read the report, according to Ouyang Xi's current calculations and considerations, in terms of agricultural tax, the division ratio of the central government axe and the provincial, government, and county local political axes is 3:2:2:3, the industrial and commercial tax and mining tax as a whole are 5:5 apportioned between the central government and the provincial government, and the land value-added tax, stamp duty, personal income tax, inheritance tax, donation tax, property tax, etc. are 7:3, and the tariffs are unified to the central government.
In addition to these basic tax shares, there is also a hierarchical system of local agricultural taxes, the agricultural tax rate of the three eastern provinces is maintained at 10%, the southern part of Jiangsu and Zhejiang is maintained at 7.5%, and the northwest and other regions are maintained at 5%, and at this stage, the fixed tax per mu is collected in accordance with the fixed tax, and each province has the right to float another 10% on the basis of the unified standard of the central government.
In addition, in principle, all localities have restrictions on land concentration, and each household will continue to levy additional farmland value-added tax on cultivated land held by each household if it exceeds a certain number of acres, and the provinces have different restrictions on this, and a relatively relaxed policy is still adopted at this stage, with 300 acres of land as the dividing line in the Kannai and 450 acres of land in the Kanto region.
After reading this report, Song Biao is generally satisfied, although he lacks professionalism in many aspects and does not understand the specific principles and motives of tax sharing.
After thinking about it for a while, Song Biao, Zhang Kangren, and Ouyang Xi instructed: "Don't be anxious about the matter of restricting acres of land in the customs for the time being, don't tie things up, but start them separately, and then deal with the problem of land annexation when the matter with Yuben is resolved." ”
Ouyang Xi said: "In fact, the ministers also have such considerations, but the land annexation in the Guannai is really too ruthless, taking Shanxi as an example, more than 70% of the land is concentrated in the hands of less than 1% of the families, and most of these families are still the Jin merchant class in the traditional sense. More than half of the land in Sichuan is concentrated in the hands of 1% of the big landlords, and the situation in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and eastern China is better because of the impact of the Taiping War, but in recent years, land annexation has also expanded on a large scale, and the trend of the poor getting poorer and the rich getting richer has worsened. For a country, the best way to get taxes higher and higher is never to support the development of large landlords and big capitalists, but to support the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises, the growth of middle-class farmers, and the popularization of the middle class. On the surface, as far as agricultural taxes are concerned, the total amount of land is the same, but as far as the market as a whole is concerned, the consumption power of one landlord is definitely not comparable to that of ten wealthy peasant households. The most distressing thing is that the land in Shanxi and Sichuan is too concentrated, resulting in a large amount of land for the cultivation of opium, although the tax on opium is very high, accounting for almost 10% of the Qing political axe in the first year of Xuantong, but the harm to the whole country is immeasurable, it is better to cut these taxes than to let the country and the nation develop normally, and to cut down these things, limit the concentration of land, so that the peasants can grow more food out of their own needs is the right way. ”
Song Biao nodded slightly, but still glanced at Zhang Kangren, who was silent.
Regarding Ouyang Xi, Song Biao is still relatively clear, to say that Ouyang Xi's level, especially in the two fields of tax policy and scientific management, is basically the first person in China, but this person has a great problem, that is, he is too idealistic.
This is probably because Ouyang Xi has not been able to hone himself from a grassroots official, but Zhang Kangren is also an official directly from a high starting point, which is much more realistic than Ouyang Xi, so this is more likely to be a person's surname.
Seeing that Zhang Kangren didn't speak, Song Biao said directly to Ouyang Xi: "Don't be in a hurry to do the opium matter for the time being, everything must be organized, and don't cause a mess inside." The empire had just been founded, and it was still facing the deterrence of foreign enemies that the country was ruined, and at this time, it was in a hurry to carry out various reforms at home, which led to civil unrest. ”
"This ......!"
Ouyang Xi didn't know how to answer for a while, and only after a while did he nod in agreement: "Your Majesty Shengming." ”
Song Biao sighed, why didn't he want to solve these old evils immediately, but the country was already chaotic enough, and he wanted to take the opportunity to launch a second war between China and China, in order to defeat China's revolutionary forces for liberation in World War I, interrupt the pace of China's reunification and development, and even try his best to force China back into a state of separation, so as to facilitate the development of China and the realization of the long-term goal of aggression.
The ambition of a thief, not destroying his country is not enough to get out of this evil breath in the heart of the Song Emperor.
At this moment, it is obvious that we must not be in a state of chaos, and everything should be done in order to stabilize the country and unify all forces in the country and jointly give priority to the outside world.
Song Biao could only sigh, avoiding Ouyang Xi's topic and asking Zhang Kangren: "Rong Xingqiao and Rong Kui arrived in Jingshi yesterday, have you met with them?" ”
Zhang Kangren nodded and said: "Back to Your Majesty, we met last night and talked for two hours, and they also talked with the ministers about the affairs of the Far East, which should be said to be very smooth." At present, even borrowing money from the Far Eastern Bank is enough to support domestic fiscal spending, including military spending. It's just that Rong Xingqiao and I also have a lot of worries, if the working capital in the hands of the consortium is lent to the political axe for military and financial expenditures, it will be difficult to recover the capital for domestic construction and industrial and commercial investment in the future. In particular, investment in railways and industrial and mining industries still has to be supported by the Far East at this stage. ”
Speaking of money, Song Biao is not very worried for the time being.
In the last month, the US Far East Trust and Investment Company has sold all the shares of Petroleos Mexicanos for a total transaction value of 173.4 million pounds, because the transaction amount is too large, more than half of the transactions are completed by exchanging stocks and bonds with other companies, such as the purchase of Gulf Oil from the Mellon family, including its Texas refining company and oil pipelines. and through a share swap agreement, the company bought all of the company's oil properties in Texas before the company was split and merged into Gulf Oil.
Far East does not wholly own the Texas-based oil company, but continues to hold a joint stake in the Vanderbilt family company, and the rest of the transactions are also partly with the Big Three of J.P. Morgan, John A. Rockefeller, and Andrew W. Mellon, and partly with a European consortium.
During this period, European consortia had much more trading power than American conglomerates, with more than half of all cash transactions provided by British and French businessmen.
Through this series of transactions, the American Far East Company not only accumulated 83.3 million pounds of cash flow, but also held shares in giant companies such as American Steel Corporation, increased its equity in the Bank of America, and increased its total assets in the United States to 100 million pounds. Large-scale integration has been carried out in areas such as the military industry.
In addition to the 14.7 million pounds previously transferred for military spending, and the 40 million taels of silver that will be lent to the Imperial Provisional Cabinet, the Far East Company still holds 68.7 million pounds in cash, which will be converted into gold in Britain and flowed back into the Far Eastern Bank headquarters for the issuance of Northeast silver and gold yuan bills, as well as for large-scale industrial investment.
In the international rubber turmoil, the Far East Commercial Bank made a cumulative profit of more than 27 million pounds, and only a small part of this money was used to buy rubber plantations, and most of this money was used to buy rubber plantations at a low price, and the Dutch-Indonesian Rubber Company and the British Colonial Rubber Plantation Company were wholly purchased and merged into the new Anglo-Dutch Rubber Company.
Due to the eradication of a large number of rubber plantations in the world, the Anglo-Dutch rubber company has continued to take the opportunity to buy rubber plantations in Southeast Asia at low prices, and the proportion of international rubber production has expanded sharply from the initial 24% to more than 85%, and the input to output of rubber planting has taken at least 7 years, which means that in the next seven years, this company will completely monopolize the international rubber market, but for now, the European and American powers have not yet realized how much gold they will pay for this.
This is a long-term investment in the face of the First World War, and there is no rush to cash out for the time being, and the return on investment will be exceptionally strong.
Even if this part of the money cannot be recovered for the time being, the cash held by the Far Eastern Company is still very abundant. With the $20 million loan promised by Vanderbilt from the Bank of America, Song Biao could finish the war on the premise of ample military spending.
Of course, Song Biao does have to consider what Zhang Kangren said: if all this money is really used to buy government bonds to offset military spending, it will be difficult for the Far Eastern consortium to raise enough capital to invest in China's industry, especially heavy industry, on a large scale in the next five years.
In Song Biao's original plan, the cash would be used to invest heavily in the banking, mining, steel, machinery, chemicals, electrical, shipping, railways, and textiles of the new empire, so that the Far Eastern consortium could take advantage of the precious opportunity of the First World War to quickly lead China to rise as a new industrial nation in five years.
In short, this is a very troublesome thing, and if the central political axe can solve the military problem as much as possible from other channels, it is obviously a very good thing, but is this possible?
Borrowing is always such a thing as the poorer you are, the more difficult it is to borrow, the more stringent the conditions, the more unequal.
I think that Yuan Shikai paid so much price in order to raise 20 million pounds of money for the aftermath, and in order to suppress the revolution, he was extorted by Yu Ben and 21 articles, in short, it was difficult to borrow.
At this moment, Song Biao has no more good ways, he can only say that he has taken one step at a time.
(To be continued)