In the rumbling of cannons, the eastern area of Avacha Bay began to fill with gunsmoke, and the large amount of white smoke produced by the guns using black powder after firing, coupled with the white smoke produced after the combustion of the coal boiler of the battleship's steam engine, the two were mixed together, making the fleet gradually filled with smoke.

On land, most of the hundreds of Chinese soldiers who have landed on the shore are still on the beachhead, while a small part of the troops who have come forward have already begun to exchange fire with the Russian army.

However, the scale of the exchange of fire was quite small, and the Russian army did not send a large number of troops to intercept it, not because the Russian army did not have enough troops, but because once it did, it would attract the attention of the Chinese fleet, and then it was possible to directly shell their interceptor forces.

At this distance, at the best distance of the fleet's firepower, the consequences of rashly mobilizing a large number of troops to intercept the operation are quite dangerous, and it is possible that the Chinese fleet will be directly bombarded and collapsed by the artillery bombardment of the Chinese fleet before engaging the landing force of the Chinese army.

At present, in the small-scale fighting, the small group of Russian troops coming is mainly tentative and reconnaissance-oriented.

As one of the first troops to land, this platoon of Second Lieutenant Xu, together with the other two platoons of the company, had just landed and advanced inland in order to cover the troops that landed later.

At this moment, Second Lieutenant Xu was bending over, carefully poking his head out, carefully observing the front, about one hundred and fifty meters ahead, there was a slightly undulating small hill, where Russian troops could be faintly seen. Some Russian soldiers also occasionally showed their heads and fired back.

At the same time, Ensign Xu's troops were also covered by a low mountain. The soldiers were lying on their stomachs, leaning over and shooting with their guns.

Behind the troops of Second Lieutenant Xu. There were several artillerymen, pushing a four-pounder infantry gun.

Looking at the mode of engagement between the two sides, it is clear that this war is different from previous wars, especially some of the tactics used by the two sides are very different.

In the Crimean War more than ten years ago, the two sides still stayed in the mode of front-loading guns and line-up shooting, and then during the American Civil War, although the North and the South were widely equipped with rear-loading rifles. However, in the early stage of the war, the two sides still used line drills to shoot mainly, and in the middle and late stages, line line tactics began to disappear, followed by all kinds of chaotic tactics, in which skirmisher tactics appeared.

However, when the two sides engage in large-scale battles, they will still form a dense formation to shoot at each other!

Throughout the sixties, due to the rapid popularity of rear-loading rifles, it directly led to the confusion of infantry tactics in various countries. Many people still stubbornly use line tactics, while some generals have begun to accept skirmish tactics, etc., which has led to the same war, some battles can see line line firing scenes. In some battles, both sides can be seen firing from behind cover.

At present, the tactics of Western countries are somewhat chaotic, and it is not said that a very complete tactical system has been formed. What kind of tactics to use basically depends on the personal attitude of the front-line generals.

However, the Chinese army and the Russian army are not the same. The Chinese Army was the first army in the world to fully enter service with breech-loading rifles and to use skirmisher tactics. Even in order to make better use of straggler tactics, the army establishment that had been popular for a hundred years was abandoned, and the infantry division of one division, two brigades and four regiments was first used.

However, the preparation of this thing is different from weapons, if some kind of new weapon appears, then it will soon spread throughout the world, and cause imitation follow-up by various countries, but the preparation of this thing is different, this is something that cannot be seen and touched, although the Chinese army will not say that it deliberately keeps the establishment secret.

For example, when watching the exercises of the Chinese Army, even if they do not need to be explicitly explained, they will also find that some of the establishment of the Chinese Army is very different from the existing establishment of various countries, and the most obvious example is that there are only four infantry companies under the jurisdiction of an infantry battalion (regiment) of the Chinese Army, instead of six or even eight infantry companies in the era of line columns.

At the same time, they also discovered that an infantry company of the Chinese Army was not directly under the jurisdiction of ten or eight ten-man teams, but under the jurisdiction of a platoon of forty or fifty people, and then each platoon did not say that there were four or five ten-man teams, but three fourteen-man squads.

In other words, the most basic establishment unit of the Chinese army is not the standard ten people in the era of line columns, but fourteen people.

Although this situation has attracted the attention of various countries, this attention is very limited, because the preparation of this thing is invisible and intangible, and sometimes it is difficult for you to judge whether the new establishment is good or bad.

After all, the armies of various countries are not the same as the Chinese army, they are all young armies, and they do not have too much historical baggage, whether it is weapons, establishment, or tactics, this is changed, and this kind of thing is almost impossible in the armies of the great powers.

When the rear-loading rifle was replaced, a large number of generals in Western countries generally opposed it.

In terms of tactics, a considerable number of Western generals are resolutely opposed to the use of any tactics other than line tactics to fight, believing that soldiers lying on the ground and firing guns seriously affect the honor of soldiers, and they also believe that loose skirmisher tactics will seriously affect the morale of troops, because skirmishers look far less powerful than line troops.

Both in history and in this time and space, whether it is the Navy or the Army, in the sixties, they were very confused about how to deal with the great changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution.

The sixties of the nineteenth century may sound like an ordinary era, but they are of very profound significance to world history, especially to world industrial history.

In the sixties of the nineteenth century, countries such as France, Prussia and even the United States completed the industrial revolution during this period, and even Russia followed closely behind other countries and began to carry out social reforms and try to industrialize.

In the original historical time and space, the Manchu Dynasty and Japan in East Asia both began the Westernization Movement and the Meiji Restoration during this period, of course, in this time and space, Japan is still mired in the civil war, with the chaos of the Chinese Empire, and it is not expected to be unified in the short term, but even so, some people with lofty ideals on both sides of the Japanese and Ben civil wars have also begun to carry out reforms, the most obvious of which is to try to build some factories, especially military factories and send students to foreign countries.

In 1866, the Tokugawa shogunate sent more than 30 students to the empire, and the Restoration faction also sent a certain number of students to Britain and France.

As for China in this era, it began to carry out industrial reforms in the late fifties, well, and it continued to industrialize unswervingly during the sixties, well, referring to the precedents of Western countries, this period can be generally considered a critical period for the empire to carry out the industrial revolution.

As for whether the industrial revolution has been completed, it depends on what the standard, if it is just a simple standard, China, which has been able to build ironclad ships, is already one of the few contemporary powers, and few countries have been able to build their own ironclad ships in these years, and all that can be built are great powers.

However, in terms of the scale of industry, especially the ratio of industrial output to gross national product, it is much worse.

China has a huge territory and a large population, and even if it is a simple calculation of agricultural output value, its national output value is still a proper big country, but this so-called huge is in vain.

At present, although the domestic industrial output value is growing rapidly, the proportion of the proportion is still not high, taking the United Kingdom, a typical industrial country of the present time, as an example, the proportion of the secondary and tertiary industries in the UK's gross national product has reached about 70 percent.

In China, it's less than 10 percent!

The modern Chinese Empire, despite the fact that it has been able to build ironclad ships, and the many factories in Shanghai's northern industrial zone are smoking, but this is only the most superficial thing that outsiders can see, in fact, if you leave China's major industrial cities and go deep into China's inland areas, then you will find that most of China is actually still the same as it has been for the past five or six hundred years.

On the one hand, the industrial economy of the coast is highly developed, represented by the three major cities of Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Tianjin, and then supplemented by cities such as Ningbo, Suzhou, Wuchang, and Dangtu, which form China's industrialized or semi-industrialized cities.

However, except for the above-mentioned areas, other places still remain in a backward state, and the actual state of the rural areas in the inland areas is not different from that of the Ming and Qing dynasties.

As a result, many of the social conditions of the empire are deformed and special.

For example, I am afraid that there was no era when education was more important than the contemporary empire, and this emphasis does not mean that the imperial government attaches importance to it, but to the importance of the people themselves.

Since the implementation of the new education system in the empire, the people regard going to school as the best way to improve their own destiny, and the new education system of the empire is not the same as the traditional imperial examination system.

It represents more opportunities.

The same is studying, the traditional imperial examination may require hundreds of people to be able to appear in a lift, and then obtain practical benefits, but under the new education system of the empire, as long as you study, then you can get ahead, even if you only study a higher primary school, then you can find a good job, not necessarily that you have to study until you graduate from college to reap the actual benefits.

At the same time, the empire's new education system was a good continuation of one of the characteristics of the imperial examinations of the Ming and Qing dynasties, that is, only individual talents, regardless of social background.

As long as you can get in, whether your father is a high-ranking official or a farmer, then you will be able to receive an admission letter from the Imperial University. (To be continued.) )