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In the pre-Qin era, in order to communicate the many water systems of the Chinese land, since the autumn period, for various purposes, the Chinese ancestors have begun to dig canals in various water systems to connect. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 info╔╗"The domain name of this site is the full spelling,Please remember the domain name of this site! ”

At the beginning of the 6th century B.C., the Chu State, the overlord of Chunqiu, excavated Yangshui on the Jianghan Plain, and brought it from the Shashi of the Yangtze River to the Shayang area of the Hanshui River, communicating the Hanshui and the Yangtze River, and greatly shortening the voyage from the Hanshui to the Yangtze River. This is the earliest recorded canal project in China. In the Western Jin Dynasty, in order to strengthen the connection between the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the capital Luoyang, the canal was excavated again and renamed the Yangxia Waterway.

During the Chunqiu period, the state of Wu, located in the Yangtze River Delta, also dug many canals out of the need for political and military hegemony and domestic economic development. At that time, the capital of Wu was in present-day Suzhou, and the main enemy countries were Chu in the west and Yue in the south. In order to attack Chu and Yue, Wu excavated Xuxi and Xupu.

Xuxi takes Yixing, Jiangsu Province as the starting point, passes through Liyang and Gaochun, communicates the Shuiyang River, enters the Yangtze River from Wuhu, and connects the Taihu Lake water system with the Yangtze River. Xupu is about between Jinshan (Shanghai) and Jiashan (Zhejiang) in the later generations, and collects the waters of the upper reaches of Taihu Lake, passes through Dianshan Lake and Mao Lake, and flows into the sea in the east, connecting Taihu Lake and the East China Sea. ╔╗

The navigation of Xuxi and Xupu contributed to Wu's defeat of Chu and Yue in 486 BC. After Chu and Yue were incorporated into the territory of Wu, the northern state of Qi became Wu's main rival for hegemony.

In order to conquer Qi, Wu built a canal from Suzhou to Yangzhou, moved the capital to Han (later Yangzhou), and dug the famous ditch in 485 BC. Hangou goes northeast from Yangzhou and reaches Huai'an through Shèyang Lake into the Huai River, which is the first to communicate the Yangtze River and the Huai River. The excavation of the canal has promoted the economic development of Wu, making it from weak to strong, dominating for a while, and becoming a country that "connects canals, three rivers and five lakes" and "cannot be used for a single mile and abandoning boats".

In the early Warring States period, the Wei State was strong and prosperous, and the capital was moved to Kaifeng, Henan Province. In 361 BC, the Wei state dug a gap between the Yellow River and the Huai River.

The above-mentioned Yangshui, Xuxi, Xupu, Hangou and Gap are the earliest artificial canal projects in China during the Chunqiu and Warring States Periods, and some of these ancient canals may have been annihilated in the dust of history in later generations, but some can still see some traces or are still in use. In the pre-Qin period, most of these canals were in good operation, these canals connected the Yellow River, the Huai River, the Yangtze River and the southeast coast, plus many natural rivers, forming a huge waterway transportation network, which played a major role in the economic and cultural exchanges between the north and the south in ancient times. ╔╗

After the Autumn and Warring States Period, the First Emperor unified the world, and in order to pacify the land of Nanyue, out of military considerations, he ordered the Shu County Supervisor Yu Shi Lu (who was in charge of the power of a county supervisor, equal to the official position of the county guard and the county lieutenant) and three other craftsmen to dig one of the two most famous canals in Chinese history, the Ling Canal. In addition to the Ling Canal, another canal is the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal dug by Emperor Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty.

The Ling Canal was dug in 221~214 BC, and it connected the Xiangjiang River, a tributary of the Yangtze River, and the Guijiang River, a tributary of the Pearl River.

The water level of the Li River is high and the water level of the Xiang River is low, so how to make the water of the Xiangjiang River flow from the north to the south and flow to the Li River for collusion may be very simple in later generations. However, in the pre-Qin period, there were no accurate measuring instruments, no excavation machinery, and no explosive gunpowder, so the height of the terrain could only be determined by visual and foot measurements. In the case that you can only use iron cone and iron drill to drill stones, and use hoes and shovels to dig channels, the difficulty of digging the spiritual canal can be imagined.

It was under such humble conditions that Shi Lu and others spent three years exploring, visually inspecting, and transporting again and again to complete this magnificent water conservancy engineering system with a complete structure.

The excavation of the Ling Canal played a vital role in the pacification of Lingnan in Daqin, and it was also the most convenient passage connecting the Central Plains with Nanyue, which greatly promoted the economic and cultural exchanges between Nanyue and the Central Plains. ╔╗

In 210 B.C., in order to strengthen the rule of Chu, the first emperor sent 3,000 prisoners from Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province to Danyang, conforming to the hilly terrain, digging a curved river channel, southeast through the Xu River excavated by the Wu State to Wu County, Huiji County (later Suzhou, Jiangsu). In addition, from the later generations of Zhejiang Chongde to the southwest to dig a new waterway to reach Qiantang (later Hangzhou, Zhejiang), this canal is called Dantu Waterway. The Dantu Waterway also laid the direction of the Jiangnan Canal in the Sui Dynasty.

Xiang Yu's 100,000 troops and more than 30,000 laborers set out from Quyang on September 14, and it took two days to reach Zhongli, and then the army floated from Hangou and entered Xuyi County in Donghai County (later Xuyi County, Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province), and more than 50 Nanyue Lou ships cruising in Huiji also directly entered Hangou on the Yangtze River, and sent a large number of crossbow arrows needed by Qin crossbow to Xiang Yu from Wu County.

These crossbow arrows were all made by the Yu clan who took refuge in Xiang Liang for Xiang Liang's army in Huiji County. After all, Ziying could provide Qin crossbows to Xiang Liang, and it was obviously impossible for crossbow arrows to provide too much. Compared to the Qin crossbow, which is complicated to make, the production of crossbow arrows is extremely simple.

At this time, Han Xin had already passed through Guangling City in Donghai County (later Guangling District, Yangzhou City), and was ready to lead the army along the ditch to reach the Dantu Waterway and then directly go south to force Huiji County to govern Wu County. ╔╗

Feng Zheng started from Fuli County in Surabaya (near Suzhou City, Anhui Province in later generations), and entered the eastern part of Jiujiang County from Zhongli to pacify Jiujiang.

Strictly speaking, Xuyi should be in the middle of Fuli and Guangling, and the distance from Fuli to Xuyi is almost the same as that from Guangling to Xuyi. It was only because Feng Zheng and Han Xin attacked in different directions, so when the emperor ordered the two of them to march north to suppress Xiang Yu's army that was preparing to enter Shandong and other places from the East China Sea, the scouts of Feng Zheng's army quickly discovered the location of Xiang Yu's army.

At this time, Feng Zheng and Xiang Yu's army were only more than fifty miles away, and Han Xin's 100,000 army, which turned around and waved his army north to find Xiang Yu, was nearly 150 miles away from Xiang Yu's location.

When Han Xin's scouts discovered the location of Xiang Yu's army, Feng Zheng had already led the 100,000 Qin troops under his command to turn around, first heading east, blocking the only way for Xiang Yu to go north, and then going south towards the place where Xiang Yu's army was.

Then Feng Zai reported to Hu Hai the letter that he found that Xiang Yu's army was located, and at the same time passed on his intention to join forces with Han Xin to eat Xiang Yu's army to Han Xin. ╔╗

Although Feng Zai looked down on Han Xin, especially after Han Xin was humiliated by his crotch, Feng Zai looked down on him even more, and the two of them had a quarrel because of the Wei Bao rebellion in Hedong County, but Feng Zai is also a veteran who has led the army for many years, and it is naturally impossible to lose a big loss at this juncture. Even if he really wanted to clean up Xiang Yu by himself, it was just for him to think about it.

He knew very well the harm Xiang Yu could cause if he smuggled into Shandong and other places.

Feng Zheng was also very aware of the strength of his soldiers and the strength of Xiang Yu's army, and Hu Hai had already made Xiang Yu's strength clear in several letters to them.

Because of this, Feng Zheng took the initiative to send a letter to Han Xin, expressing his desire to join forces with Han Xin to solve Xiang Yu's army before Xu Chuang's tens of thousands of Blue Dragon Army arrived.

He believed that the 200,000 army of himself and Han Xin, any army that ran into Xiang Yu alone, would not be able to stop Xiang Yu, and would even be defeated by Xiang Yu.

It's not that Feng Zao doesn't have confidence in the strength of the army under his command, or that he thinks highly of the strength of Xiang Yu's army. It's a fact.

Feng Zai led the army and set up camp twenty miles away from Xiang Yu's army. He didn't want to play against Xiang Yu at this time. As long as Xiang Yu didn't attack, he planned to confront Xiang Yu like this until Han Xin's army arrived.

In that case, under the two statistics of 200,000 troops, Xiang Yu will definitely be defeated.

Feng Zheng thought well, as soon as Han Xin received his letter, he had already urged the army to quickly go north and rush towards Xuyi.

On the first day, as Feng Zheng thought, Xiang Yu really found that the Qin army blocking the road that he had to pass through to the north was a little uncertain, and he did not take any action except for frequent scouts and spying.

Xiang Yu and Zhang Liang didn't expect that there should be such a Qin army of no less than 100,000 in the East China Sea, which should be empty of troops. And it happened to be on the way they had to go north.

Of course, Xiang Yu can make a detour, but now that there is such a Qin army staring, who knows if there will be more Qin troops coming. If the detour ends in the end and instead goes around the encirclement of the Qin army, it is looking for death.

Fortunately, although he lost a lot of scouts in this day, Xiang Yu finally figured out which Qin army was on the other side. It was one of the two large battalions of the Qin army that was supposed to be stationed on the other side of Shouchun.

After all, the scouts of the Chu army had not fought with the two Qin armies of Feng Zheng and Han Xin once or twice, and the two sides could not say that they knew the roots, at least they still knew the flags and other signs very well.

Figuring out Qin Jun's identity is good, but new problems have arisen. The Qin army, which was supposed to be attacked by Xiang Liang in Shouchun, ran to the East China Sea, and was still in front of his own army, so at least he had to leave the camp with Xiang Yu's army and march east to get here.

Could it be that there is only one Qin army left on the other side of Shouchun, that is, 100,000 people?

It's a pity that the happiness of Xiang Yu, Zhang Liang and others didn't last long.

When Xiang Yu heard the news that Xiang Liang's 300,000-strong army had been wiped out in less than two hours on the north bank of the Huai River, and that Xiang Liang, Fan Zeng and other generals had advanced to be captured by the Qin army, he thought that he had auditory hallucinations. asked the Jiangdong disciple who escaped covered in blood three times in a row, until all of them were the same answer, and then Xiang Yu collapsed on top of the bronze case in a daze.

All along, Xiang Yu didn't have to think too much about what he did. What to do and how to do it, Xiang Liang arranged it for him. If it was only the 300,000 army that was wiped out, Xiang Yu might not have paid attention to it at all. If the soldiers are gone, they can be recruited again, and the most important thing in this world is people. But Xiang Liang is gone, which means that his biggest support for Xiang Yu is gone.

Everything from now on is up to him!

The next day, that is, on September 18 of the first year of Great Qin II, Xiang Yu and Zhang Liang, who had been in the big tent all night, walked out of the big tent hand in hand and brazenly launched an attack on Feng Zheng's camp! (To be continued.) If you like this work, you are welcome to register as a member to recommend this work, your support is my biggest motivation. )