Thinking about the worst, even if he will not be treated as "unloading the mill and killing the donkey" and "the rabbit and the dead dog", he may one day make the Son of Heaven unhappy and be sent to the bitter cold land of Mobei to take up his post...... Thinking of this, Fu Gu Huai'en's heart kept trembling. "No"! He couldn't help but scream, and the sound was so dull in the silence of the night that the guards outside the tent were stunned. At this moment, he really understood the true meaning of "raising self-respect".

The next day, the generals of the government army, Li Guangbi, Li Baoyu, and Xin Yunjing, who were preparing to enter the city to reorganize the rebel army, received orders from Fugu Huai'en: "The rebel generals who have surrendered in various places shall retain their original posts, and the generals of the government army shall stop accepting surrendered troops, maintain the status quo, and wait for the instructions of the central authorities." ”

Li Baoyu and other generals were not satisfied and sued him to the central government, and Fugu Huaien also appealed. Soon, the imperial court's edict was posted on the walls of the gate towers in various places, and it read: "Tokyo, Henan, and North accept false officials, do not ask anything." "Needless to say, Gungo Wynn won the lawsuit.

In this way, all the rebel envoys became the envoys of the Tang government. Li Yu, the son of Emperor Daizong, would never have imagined that it was his hasty decision that made the three towns of Chengde, Weibo, and Youzhou in Hebei soon become the source of chaos in the division of feudal towns, and harmed the Tang Dynasty for 140 years.

It is understandable that people have long hated the secession of feudal towns. But we can't overturn a boatload of people with a single shot just because someone is engaged in secession, and say that all the feudal towns are not good.

In his famous work "A Study of Tang Dynasty Domain Towns", the famous scholar Mr. Zhang Guoguang divided the feudal towns into four categories: Heshuo separatist type, Central Plains defense and containment type, frontier royal border type, and southeast financial source type. I think this classification is very pertinent. Let me try to make my own interpretation of the four types proposed by experts -

1. Heshuo Partition Type: After the pacification of the Anshi Rebellion in 763 AD, the number of feudal towns increased dramatically. I think the main reason is that the emperors of the Tang Dynasty are too kind and don't think about their own great cause. So many Jiedu envoys were appointed, but none of them were children of the clan, so that when Zhu Wen was arrogant, there was no clan armed to go to the country.

The main reasons for the increase in feudal towns are as follows:

1. Appoint the rebel general to be the Jiedu envoy in the Hebei region.

2. Acquiescing in the generals of Zhu Tao and Li Xilie's subordinates to establish themselves as the queen (that is, preparing for the festival).

3. In the process of exterminating the Yellow Nest, appoint his subordinates to be the envoys of the festival. The worst thing is to give Xuanwu Town, which is located in the Central Plains, to Zhu Wen.

4. Anyone who has made outstanding achievements in counterinsurgency or other fields will be given a temperance by the imperial court.

From 763 to 884 A.D., when the Yellow Nest was exterminated. In the past 120 years or so, the feudal towns engaged in secession were basically confined to Hebei, and there was no secession in other parts of the country. Of course, there have also been rebellions in the Central Plains, such as Zhu Jun, Li Xilie, and Wu Yuanji. But that's just like what Su Shi said in "Nian Nujiao" (Chibi Nostalgia), "Talking and laughing, the captives are gone!" "You can ignore it.

After the extermination of Huangchao, because the imperial court mistakenly contained Li Keyong's power, Zhu Wen's power was dominant, and none of the feudal towns in the world could match it. This hastened the demise of the Tang Dynasty.

Some accused the emperor that he should not reuse the traitorous generals. There are also accusations that the heroes should not be suspected. In that era, only God knows who to believe and who not to believe. In fact, aren't there good people among the rebels? Such as: Xue Song, Tian Hongzheng, Mr. Liu, Li You, etc. Aren't there traitors among the heroes? Such as: Fugu Huaien, Li Huaiguang, etc. Who to reason with this?

It would be unfair to attribute all the causes of the rebellion to the emperor. Tang Dezong once issued the "Edict of Guilt", which is just a kind of responsibility, a gesture, and to be precise, a political strategy.

The feudal town division has the following seven characteristics:

1. The degree of moderation makes the position inherited independently, or the father dies and the son succeeds, or the brother dies and the brother dies.

2. Internal robbery, the following grams, there are generals who kill and make themselves self-reliant by sections, and there are also tooth soldiers (pro-soldiers) who kill and support generals by sections.

3. Refuse to accept the envoy appointed by the imperial court (but can accept the eunuch as the supervisor).

4. Self-conscription, self-collection of taxes, self-determination of laws and regulations, and self-appointment of officials within their own jurisdiction (prefecture and county).

5. Unwilling to fulfill obligations to the state, such as: not taking the initiative to hand over profits, leading troops to serve the king, etc.

6. When there is a conflict between the spirit of the central government's instructions and its local interests. They often threaten each other with force.

7. Be a green tea and set up a memorial arch, not only to divide a piece of land, but also to want the emperor to issue a letter of appointment and symbolize the power of the festival.

Articles 3 and 7 above are sufficient to prove that they did not hesitate to identify themselves as local governments under the leadership of the central government. No matter how domineering they are, they don't dare to establish a country and claim the king, at least they have to use the era name of the Tang Dynasty. This is the bottom line of the central government, and stepping on the bottom line means war!

This is also the most fundamental difference between the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, and the argument that the feudal towns that were out of control by the central government are included in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms is not convincing. What's more, Li Keyong is called a fifth-generation famous general, which I regret or regret.

2. Central Plains prevention and containment type: The concept of the Central Plains usually refers to the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins, including the southeastern coastal areas. Containment means defense, containment. Who is the target of the feudal towns in the Central Plains? In my opinion, there are four main categories:

1. The separatist forces of the three towns of Hebei.

2. Traitors in the Central Plains, such as: Zhu Mei, Wang Xingyu, Qin Zongquan, etc.

3. Tubo and the Anshi Rebellion took advantage of the loopholes and occupied Hexi and Longyou to put Chang'an under its threat.

4. The war between Huang Chao and the peasant army led by him and the government army spread throughout most of the Central Plains.

The time frame of the above-mentioned situation in the Central Plains should be set from the rebellion of the Three Towns in Hebei in 781 to the defeat of Huangchao in 884. One point that needs to be explained is that the Anshi Rebellion was a rebellion, not a secession. There is a difference between the two, and the difference lies in whether or not the central government has obtained a license and whether or not the force has been used on its own initiative.

From 884 to 907, nearly half of the Central Plains gradually became Zhu Wen's world. The feudal towns fought and messed with each other. It doesn't matter if you can't prevent it or not. Basically, the Central Plains defense and containment feudal towns are loyal to the Tang Dynasty, such as: Zhenxi Jiedu envoy Ma Lan, Zhaoyi Jiedu envoy Li Baozhen, Hedong Jiedu envoy Ma Sui, etc. are all loyal and brave famous generals.

Among all the feudal towns in the Central Plains, the most commendable one is Li Keyong! He has always unswervingly upheld national unity and opposed separatism. It is a good example for the people in the festival to make the bright, and the civil servants of the whole country to learn! Regarding the glorious deeds of Comrade Li Keyong, it will be launched in the next episode, so stay tuned.

3. Frontier Imperial Border Type: This mainly refers to the top ten feudal towns in the country before the Anshi Rebellion. After Hexi and Longyou fell to Tibet in 776, they were recovered by Zhang Yichao in 851. He sent his younger brother to Chang'an with a map of the eleven states to present to the imperial court, and Emperor Xuanzong was overjoyed and appointed Zhang Yichao as the envoy of the Guiyi Army. Since then, his family has guarded the Hexi Corridor for the country for generations.

The two towns of Pinglu in Fanyang (later changed to Youzhou) have a dual identity, which belongs to both the Heshuo division type and the Yubian type. The object of defense is the Khitan. It is worth mentioning Liu Rengong, who often loses battles in warlord melee and often pretends to be his grandson. However, it is the nemesis of the Khitan. Compared with the Khitan of Wu Zetian's era, this Khitan is not a Khitan!

In 779, the soldiers of Jiannan cooperated with Li Sheng, the envoy of the Shence army, to repel a large-scale Tibetan invasion of Chengdu. In the twenty-two years from then to 801, Jiannan Jiedu made Wei Gao unexpected, and repeatedly defeated Tubo with the troops of a town. Until its demise, he no longer dared to covet the country of abundance of the Tang Dynasty.

The town of Shuofang was founded to defend against the Later Turks. It is the north gate of Chang'an. After the Later Turks were destroyed by the Tang Hui (Hui) coalition forces. The strategic center of gravity of the Shuofang army shifted from the north to the west to prevent the eastward advance of Tibet.

Hedong Town is located in Taiyuan, and Hedong and Shuofang can be regarded as a pair of brothers, one is located in the northeast of Chang'an and the other is located in the northwest of Chang'an. The tasks are to defend the Later Turks, and the pacification of the Anshi Rebellion are the two trump cards of the government army, and later they made new contributions to quelling the rebellion in Hebei and the Central Plains.

Li Ke took the lead in destroying the Yellow Nest and was promoted to the envoy of the Hedong Festival. Li Tang rewarded Li Keyong with his Longxing Land, which shows that the Xizong Dynasty attaches great importance to him. After 907, Hedong became the base camp of Shatuo Futang. That's an afterword.

Anxi and Beiting are located in the northwest border, also known as the Great Metropolitan Protectorate. Anxi's subordinate institutions include the four towns of Qiuzi, Yanqi, Khotan, and Shule. Sixteen Governors' Offices. The seat of governance is Qiuci, responsible for Tianshan South Road.

The subordinate institutions of Beiting include Kunling and Mengchi, two prefectures, and twenty-three prefectures. The seat of governance is in Tingzhou, and it is responsible for Tianshan North Road. These two prefectures were in charge of the northern and southern Tien Shan Mountains, and managed the countries of Central and Western Asia, from Afghanistan to Iran.

After the outbreak of the Anshi Rebellion, the elite main forces of the Anxi Army and the Beiting Army were transferred back to the interior to quell the rebellion. Guo Xin (Guo Ziyi's son), the deputy envoy of Jiedu, and others led the officers and soldiers who stayed behind to hold on to the outside for 35 years, and finally the flesh and blood of the warriors and the glory of the Tang Empire in the Western Regions died together.

Dunhuang Song Lyrics - Since the Anshi Rebellion in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, a folk song popular in the Dunhuang area, strongly expresses the common aspirations of the people in the occupied areas and the Tang soldiers who stick behind the enemy, and the patriotism is deeply moving! Here is an excerpt of one of them for readers:

Bodhisattva barbarian Dunhuang song lyrics

Dunhuang went out of the gods in ancient times, and felt the admiration of Zhufan. Looking at the Dragon Garden, Lintai has long been famous.

I only hate the Tibetan department, and it is difficult to express my affection. Sooner or later, kill the wolves, and worship the holy face together.

Lingnan and Annam Metropolitan Protectorate are actually one department and two signboards, and the festival envoy is also the protector of the capital. In the first year of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty (679), he set up the capital and ruled in Song Ping (now Hanoi, Vietnam). It covers an area of Yunnan, part of Guangxi and the north of central Vietnam, with 13 prefectures, 39 counties and 32 prefectures.

Since the establishment of the Annam Metropolitan Protectorate, it has "soothed Zhufan and Jining Waikou." "Repeatedly repelled the invasion of Nanzhao and its allied forces with Tibet. Song Ping (Hanoi) was twice captured by Nanzhao and recaptured by the Tang army twice.

Of course, the achievement of so many achievements is inseparable from the support of the masses. Military merit medal! There are half of the soldiers of the frontier domain, and half of the people of the whole country!

Through the analysis of the above ten imperial border towns, we can understand: when the counterinsurgency war in Hebei was in full swing; When the war once spread to the Central Plains; When the Son of Heaven abandoned Chang'an several times and fled abroad; Why didn't any foreign armed forces outside the country dare to step beyond the thunder pool and set foot in it? Although they are hesitant to look at the fertile soil of the Central Plains.

Because the Tang Empire has them - the feudal towns of the frontier! This ensured that the central government's counterinsurgency war could be carried out smoothly without worries.

One thing must be explained: in the winter of 763, 200,000 Tubo extremely servant soldiers entered Chang'an without blood and stayed for fifteen days, which is not because the Tang army is incompetent, but because Tubo is too cunning! There are three reasons for this-

1. Cheng Yuanzhen, the eunuch who controlled the government, concealed the military situation.

2, Jingzhou Thorn Shi Gaohui lured the wolf into the room.

3, Shuo Fang's commander Gu Huaien watched the fire from the other side, did not move, and wanted to see the jokes of the emperor of Daizong.

The Tibetan invasion incident was all caused by these three guys.

At this point, the only four major types of feudal towns are the southeast financial source type.

Southeast financial source type: southeast, south of the Huai River and the Yangtze River, including the southeast coastal areas.

After the middle of the Tang Dynasty, due to the Anshi Rebellion and the subsequent warlord melee, the economy of the Yellow River Valley was seriously damaged, and the economy of the southeast quickly surpassed that of the north. The Yangtze River, the Huai River, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and the southeast coast together formed the lifeline of the Tang Empire.

The ancients said: "If you want to get rich, you must first build roads." "In ancient times, transportation was far less developed than in modern times, and in modern times, there were provincial roads except for small roads; In addition to provincial roads, there are national highways; In addition to the national highway there is a highway; In addition to high-speed there is a railway. The biggest advantage of the Jianghuai region over other regions is its water transportation. It was only after Tang Xianzong pacified Huaixi that the entire territory of Henan was under the control of the central government, so that it could smoothly reach Chang'an and all parts of the north.

In the Tang Dynasty, the southeast region was not only the land of fish and rice, but also an important industrial and commercial base and foreign trade distribution center in the country. The main varieties are: silk fabrics, mining and metallurgy, salt and iron, tea, ceramics, sugar, papermaking, shipbuilding, etc. The main ports are: Yangzhou, Suzhou, Mingzhou (now Ningbo, Zhejiang), Guangzhou, etc.

China's silk fabrics, tea, ceramics, etc. are sold to all over the world through the above ports through the South China Sea, the Strait of Malacca, and the Indian Ocean into Persian Bend. This is the Maritime Silk Road, which is on par with the Silk Road. The Tang government set up a special "Municipal Shipping Department" to manage the taxation of foreign merchant ships. What an oil and water department! The more foreign exchange, the more the merrier.

Most of the above-mentioned products are sold in China through the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal to various parts of the north. During the reign of Zhenyuan (793), the imperial court followed the advice of the salt and iron envoys and levied tea taxes in the main tea-producing prefectures, and since then, the tea tax system has become an important revenue of the state along with the salt and iron official camps. According to the "New Tang Dynasty Book Food and Goods System", during the Kaicheng period (873), the annual mining and metallurgical tax of the imperial court was not worth the tea tax of a county. (To be continued......)