Chapter 1145: New National Education

In the speech of the senior executives of the Ministry of Education, Wang Maoru put forward specific education norms, requiring the curriculum requirements and educational theoretical basis of the six types of schools, including junior primary school, high primary school, middle school, large book, technical secondary school and junior college, and the education of the centennial plan.

According to Wang's request, China's primary school is a four-year school with children ranging in age from 7 to 10 years old, and only five subjects are required to be studied during the school period: physical education, Chinese studies, etiquette, law, and science. In the small exam, the score of the five subjects is the same as the full score of 100, and there is no distinction between the more important and the more important. The graduation certificate of the national primary school is allowed to join the army, politics, business, apprenticeship, and going abroad, and the minimum work is only allowed without the primary school graduation certificate, and the salary in any company shall not exceed the salary of the apprentice who graduated from the high school.

It can be seen that in order to eradicate illiteracy, Wang Mao took great pains.

Physical education in primary schools is mainly based on teamwork projects, and sports such as long-distance running and sprinting are all abandoned, and children must learn to work as a team from an early age, score points with team scores, develop the spirit of unity and cooperation, and no longer require personal results. No matter how good a person is, it is not as good as the team's performance, and no matter how bad a person's performance is, there is always a position in the team that he can do. This requirement also fosters friendships in children, so that any child must realize that they can make and trust partners in order to succeed.

Guided by vivid historical stories, Chinese culture teaches children Chinese characters, and they must learn 500 Chinese characters in four years before they are allowed to obtain a primary school graduation certificate. Of course. Children love stories, and every text in this Chinese culture is an interesting story in history. For example, Meng's mother moved three times, her mother-in-law tattooed her words to serve the country loyally, Taoyuan three knots, etc., the teacher told stories, and the students knew three Chinese characters in one class, but it was not difficult. Naturally, the story of Chinese culture also expounds the ideas and principles of Confucianism such as patriotism, love for family, love for others, and honesty.

The etiquette course of the elementary school is also an important curriculum standard, including the etiquette of the elder and the young, the etiquette of relatives, the etiquette of raw and cooked, the ritual of sacrifice and so on. And it includes the etiquette of boys and the etiquette of girls. China has been known as a country of etiquette since ancient times, but while constantly integrating the cultures of other ethnic groups and other regions and other regions, it has lost its own culture, especially etiquette culture, leading to the fact that in the eyes of foreigners, Chinese are the worst people in the world, and Japan has learned Chinese etiquette. On the contrary, it is the most civilized, popular and polite nation in the world, because of the loss of polite education in China, the country of etiquette has become a country of rudeness. Although Wang Maoru's request for an etiquette course was opposed by many people studying abroad, it also catered to the recognition and support of the gentry, chaebols, and Confucianists in his country. It is precisely because of this polite education that Wang Maoru is regarded as a conservative leader in China, a stubborn person.

The law education in elementary schools is to educate children from an early age. What are the laws of the country, it is not necessary for children to memorize all the laws, but they are required to be familiar with the laws of the country so that they do not become legally illiterate after graduation in the future. Children can even use their knowledge of the law to write letters to local officials pointing out their mistakes. This article responds to the legal thought in Wang Maoru's Confucianism. Govern the country and the people according to law. Self-discipline in accordance with the law, self-defense in accordance with the law. In China in another time and space, how many adults are legally illiterate, because they have not received education since childhood, and when they grow up, they have no time to study and educate for life. One qiē according to the unspoken rules, not according to the law, the source of which is ignorance of the law. (Legal blindness is everywhere in life, and if you are hurt, you will only use violence to retaliate, and it has almost become a practice to not know how to use the law to protect yourself.

The science of the primary school includes mathematics and natural naturalism, the junior primary school graduation investigation of addition and subtraction within a thousand, the expression of Arabic numerals, the understanding of maps, the explanation of natural phenomena, etc., to give children a scientific world, of course, for the children of the primary school, to tell them too advanced scientific truths they do not understand very well, so the science subject is a very easy subject, at least compared with the law and etiquette, this subject is more popular. Because of their study of science, the children also know more about the outside world, they can understand the map of the world, they can understand the map of China, and they know that in addition to their own towns and their own cities, there are so many good places, so many people, and so big in China.

The high school of the Republic of China adopts a four-year system like the national primary school, and the basic age range of students is 11 to 14 years old, and they learn six subjects during the school: physical education, Chinese studies, mathematics, history, geography and art. Upper primary school is no longer free and compulsory, but the fees are low, and children from ordinary families can still go to school if they want to, and for those children from poor families who work early to support their families, they are not required to continue their studies. At the same time, when admitting high primary schools, children with outstanding grades are free of charge during the school period, and the overall quota must account for 10% of the total number of upper primary school students.

Physical education in the upper primary school is the same as that in the national primary school, with team sports as the main learning goal, and does not focus on individual performance, so as to cultivate children's teamwork spirit and trust in teammates.

When interpreting the works of the ancients, no teacher of Chinese culture is allowed to give students their own answers, and they are not allowed to restrict the thinking and cognition of high school students. At the same time, students are required to know more than 2,000 words of Chinese characters, be able to write essays in vernacular, and be able to accurately express their meanings.

Upper Mathematics is a branch of science in elementary schools, during which students begin to learn multiplication and division, and add application problems, abacus, and mental arithmetic.

History and geography are also branches of science in primary schools, history is mainly based on Chinese history, supplemented by world history, geography is mainly based on Chinese geography, supplemented by world geography, and generally speaking, it is still for students to increase their knowledge and insight.

The art of high school requires students to perform among thousands of skills such as piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, piano, erhu, violin, flute, sheng flute, etc., and even singing, acrobatics, ventriloquism, etc. are also considered an art form. This discipline is naturally opposed by many old pedants, for the old pedants, everything is inferior only to read high, and learning what art is equivalent to learning to learn the three indiscriminate crafts. The students read the books of the sages, but why should they learn the drama? Is it because they are afraid that if the students will not succeed in their studies, they will not be able to perform on the street in the future? Wang Maoru did not explain this, and the old scholars opposed it at home, and they would certainly not be able to finish their studies except for the students who were not good at studying -- the old scholars could only protest twice.

The middle school of the Republic of China adopts a four-year system, the age of admission is roughly 15 to 18 years old, and the subjects taught are physical education, Chinese studies, mathematics, geometry, Gezhi (physical chemistry), ancient literature, and art. Regardless of the rest of the disciplines, the physical education discipline focuses on individual ability, and no longer examines team sports, but focuses on the development of individual ability.

The four-year undergraduate university of the Republic of China, the admission age roughly starts from the age of 19, the disciplines are no longer divided by the Ministry of Education, and the respective universities set their own, and the Ministry of Education stipulates that the compulsory subjects of each university are law, etiquette, military skills, physical education, and art. In addition to the national undergraduate universities in the Republic of China, Wang Maoru established provincial-level national undergraduate universities in various provinces, mainly to cultivate talents from various provinces. For example, Henan University, which Xu Shichang established in Henan, is a special provincial university, because it is a private university, which is managed by the Ministry of Education but not managed by the Ministry of Education. Wang Maoru's provincial-level university is a university under the management and supervision of the Ministry of Education, and each province has set up two universities, one for normal universities and the other for science universities, to train national science talents.

The Ministry of Education does not arrange the requirements of discipline standards, but at the same time requires compulsory subjects, such as Chinese studies, mathematics, and Gezhi of the secondary school, and the law, etiquette and art of the junior college, and the rest of the subjects and time are arranged by the colleges themselves. Because of the large number of bankrupt Germans and Belarusians have immigrated to China, these people have entered technical secondary schools and began to teach Chinese students professional technology, so that China's secondary school level has caught up with the world level, and tens of thousands of professionals will be trained for major factories every year.

Wang Maoru attaches great importance to junior colleges and specialized talents, and China does not lack theorists, revolutionaries, or people who give advice, but what it lacks is professionals and talents in various professional fields. Therefore, Wang Maoru demanded that in the future, the investment in education will account for 40 percent of the total investment in education, 25 percent in senior primary schools, 10 percent in middle schools, 5 percent in universities, 15 percent in secondary schools, and 5 percent in junior colleges.

The basic requirements of China's education will be based on literacy, that is, in the shortest possible time, let China take off the hat of an illiterate country, and the education after literacy will be based on specialized talents and elite talents as the two pillars of education, and elite talents as the pillars of the whole society are naturally indispensable, but the specialized talents who can do things are even more indispensable.