That's all about Yang Jian's matter, let's take a look at its position in history and its position in the world. Take advantage of the situation and borrow strength, and get the country lightly

Yang Jian's father, Yang Zhong, was one of the leaders of the Guanlong military group of the Western Wei Dynasty, and in that era of confrontation between the north and the south, belligerence and martial arts, such a background meant that he could be pushed to the pinnacle of the political stage at any time. The Book of Sui said that Yang Jian had a very strong personality, "Shen Shen Yan zhòng", and when he first entered Taixue to study, even the closest people did not dare to joke with him. As for the academic performance, the official history that can be seen now has changed its rhetoric and all of them are collectively speechless. But fortunately, Yang Jian himself is very honest and admits that he "doesn't know how to speak".

However, in that era when there was no college entrance examination system, there was no need to worry about bad grades. Yang Jian was fourteen years old and relied on his father's status and merits to start his career as an official eunuch. Yu Wentai, who was in charge of the power of the Western Wei Dynasty, saw Yang Jian and said a rather exalted sentence: "This person is not like a generational person!" Later, the descendants of Yuwentai replaced the Western Wei Dynasty as the emperor of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and Yang Jian rose to the top, taking his father's title as the Duke of Suiguo (after ascending the throne, Yang Jian felt that there was a word next to the word, which was not very auspicious, so he changed it to Sui). When Yang Jian was 25 years old, Dugu Xin, a nobleman of the Northern Zhou Dynasty and a general of the Zhu Kingdom, married his seventh daughter Dugu Jialuo to him. This political marriage not only gave Yang Jian another strong backer, but also consolidated his political position and became a rising star of hope in the upper echelons of the Guanlong military group.

Qing Dynasty historian Zhao Yi disapprovingly drew a conclusion to Yang Jian's seizure of power in his masterpiece "Twenty-two Historical Notes": "In ancient times, the world was easy, but it was not as easy as Emperor Wen of Sui." The reason for this is simple.

The first half of Yang Jian's life coincided with the era of the country's reunification from division in the late Northern and Southern Dynasties, when the trend of unifying the whole country from the Northern Zhou Dynasty had gradually become clear. The Northern Zhou Dynasty did indeed have a leader who could take on the important task of unifying the whole country - Emperor Wu Yuwen Yong. Yu Wenyong, who can be called eloquent, is the last genius among the Xianbei emperors, and in just six or seven years of pro-government, he almost rehearsed many deeds of the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, such as removing the ministers, quelling the rebellion, and conquering the enemy country. He not only succeeded in eliminating the Northern Qi in 577 and unifying the Yellow River valley and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, but also formulated a grand plan to "pacify the Turks and fix the south of the Yangtze River". But at this critical moment, history played a big joke on him. In 578, on the way to conquer the Turks, Yuwen Yong, who was only 35 years old, fell ill and died young after returning to Luoyang. It was precisely because of his untimely death that Yang Jian had the opportunity to become the founding emperor.

Then, Yuwen Yong's eldest son, Yu Wenyun, ascended the throne as Emperor Xuan of Zhou. At this time, the strange circle effect of the tiger father and dog son appeared, Yu Wenyun was not only incompetent and brutal, but also loved to toss, making people afraid inside and outside, and people were panicked. In the end, Yu Wenyun died due to excessive indulgence, and Yang Jian colluded with his close ministers Liu Fang and Zheng Yi to make a false edict and obtain the post of auxiliary minister and take charge of the government. After his success in eradicating dissidents, he forced Emperor Jing of the Northern Zhou Dynasty to take the throne in 581 and became the founding emperor of the Great Sui Dynasty.

Just being the emperor is not enough to leave a name in history, and the most important deed for future generations to remember Yang Jian's exploits is that he destroyed Nanchen 8 years after the establishment of the Sui Dynasty and completed the second national unification in Chinese history. However, before the campaign to destroy Chen, the Southern Chen regime, which was the weakest in China during the Southern Dynasties, was already in danger and had lost the strength to compete with the North. Compared with the unremitting struggle of the seventh emperor of the Qin Dynasty to achieve the great cause of reunification, such success came too easily. In Yang Jian, he could not find the stoic and resolute character, keen and swift decisiveness when Yingzheng swept away the Six Kingdoms, nor did he find the far-sighted and practical spirit. The system depends on others, and the world is a mediocre master

He established the system of three provinces and six ministries, the imperial examination system and the Yicang system, promulgated the "Kaihuang Law", built Daxing City (later known as Chang'an City) and Guangtong Canal, and adopted a series of reform measures to consolidate the regime, which did indeed achieve good results. The Book of Sui uses such words to praise Yang Jian and his reign: "Bow to frugality, balance the endowment, be honest, and enforce the law." The gentleman is happy to live, the villain is in peace, the strong are not bullying, the crowd is not tyrannical, the characters are Yin Fu, and the government and the opposition are happy. In the past 20 years, there has been nothing in the world, and Yan Ru is also in the district. Before the exam, the king is enough to visit the shengli. ”

However, behind the brilliant achievements, there are other effective information, which is enough to greatly reduce the glorious image of this so-called prosperous master.

First, the adjustment of the Sui Dynasty's heavy policy was not Yang Jian's own thoughts, and the overall strategic deployment mostly relied on Gao Gong and Yang Su, and the proposal for the reform of the official system came from Cui Zhongfang, and the revision of the criminal law relied on Zheng Yi, Su Wei, and Niu Hong, and the idea of setting up Yicang was the idea of Changsun Ping, and the person who actually presided over the construction of important projects such as Daxingcheng, the capital of the Sui Dynasty, was the "skilled craftsman" Yu Wenkai. Although it shows that the monarch does not need to do everything personally, almost all major policies rely on others, which is enough to prove Yang Jian's own low political and limited governing ability.

Second, Yang Jian, who became the emperor, still maintained a suspicious and scrutinizing nature, and Wei Zheng, a famous minister of the Tang Dynasty who had experienced his reign, said that he said: "There is no scholarship, so it is good to be a decimal, and it is not up to the general, so loyal ministers and righteous people have to do their best." "The grass creation fathers and meritorious generals of the Sui Dynasty were dismissed or condemned by Yang Jian for the slightest sin, and there were very few good deaths. Liang Rui, Wang Shiji, Yu Qingze, Shi Wansui and many other officials interpreted the correctness of Han Xin's "rabbit dead dog cooking" again and again with the tragic ending of being slaughtered by Yang Jian.

Third, later generations recognized that Yang Jian's greatest virtue was "frugality", but in Yang Jian's view, "thrift" means not paying too much attention to eating and dressing, as for the construction of new capitals and the construction of palaces, it seems that they have nothing to do with thrift. In 594, when there was a severe drought in Guanzhong, Yang Jian saw the survival plight of the people and led the local people to Luoyang to make a living. Someone reminded Yang Jian to loosen the granary of the treasury full of grain and belongings, but thrift turned into stinginess, and the people who went to Luoyang had to find their own food for the emperor's face.

Fourth, as mentioned earlier, Yang Jian, a "poor student", was not happy with poetry and books, so after becoming emperor, he had no feelings about schools and culture and education, and even ordered the abolition of all schools in Tianxia County except Guozijian in 601. On the contrary, he was very superstitious, not only advocating Buddhism, but also not doubting the popular mountain gods, land, dragon kings, and even monsters. Everyone knows the stupidity of Qin Shi Huang's book-burning and devastation of Confucianism, but isn't Yang Jian's contempt for culture also his own mediocre and weak appearance?

Fifth, in the first month of the third year of the emperor's reign (583), Yang Jian issued an edict to promote "virtuous and virtuous". In July of the eighteenth year of the emperor's reign, he ordered the Beijing officials to be in charge of the five grades or more and the history of the assassination, and to "cultivate the spirit of the practice" and "Qingping Ganji" two subjects. These two events are regarded by later generations as the beginning of the replacement of the Jiupin Zhongzheng system with the imperial examination system, that is, the "fifth great invention of ancient China", which lasted for more than 1,300 years, was founded during the reign of Emperor Wen of Sui. Because of this, Hart judged that Yang Jian had made extraordinary contributions.

In fact, since the Wei and Jin dynasties, the nine-rank Zhongzheng system, which was elected by people from families, has long been widely criticized for blocking non-governmental talents and hindering the centralization of power. In order to expand the ruling base of the Sui Dynasty and meet the requirements of people without noble blood to participate in the political power, Yang Jian's policy adjustment of the implementation of the imperial examination was indeed a wise move to follow the trend, and it is indeed worthy of recognition, but it does not need to be exaggerated. Because Yang Jian only regarded this practice as a temporary embellishment, it was Yang Guang, the Yang Emperor of the Sui Dynasty who was scolded by later generations for more than a thousand years, who was the key figure in making the imperial examination system truly fixed as a lasting system.

There is no way to govern the family, and the consequences are very strict

Confucianism has the requirements of "self-cultivation, family harmony, governing the country, and leveling the world" for gentlemen. Wei Zheng ruthlessly said in the historical commentary that he "only used women's words and deposed the sons". What's going on here?

The Duguxin family, a heavy minister of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, played a great role in Yang Jian's development, so Dugu Jialuo, who brought Yang Jian great benefits, naturally influenced the housekeeping. Dugu Jialuo is not an ordinary woman, and her family's original status and power are higher than that of the Yang family, so Dugu Jialuo became the emperor's emperor, and the palace called the two "two saints".

Although ancient China has always emphasized the superiority of men and the inferiority of women, Yang Jian's wife is quite strong and does not take him seriously at all. It is said that on the wedding night, Dugu Jialuo made Yang Jian swear that he would never have children with other women for the rest of his life. What is puzzling is that Yang Jian, who later became the emperor, really kept his promise all his life. In a sense, Yang Jian has not embarked on the road of prostitution for more than 20 years as an emperor, which should be attributed to Dugu Jialuo.

Dugu Jia's biggest move was to be deceived by his second son Yang Guang and blow the pillow wind to persuade Yang Jian to abolish Chang Liyu. Later generations have discussed a lot, blaming Yang Guang for killing his brothers, but in fact, the root cause of such a tragedy is that Yang Jian has no way to teach his son! To put it mildly, the short-lived Sui Dynasty, which ended more than 200 years of division and completed the great unification, was directly due to the tyranny of Emperor Yang of Sui, and the deep cause must be attributed to a series of disorderly arrangements of Emperor Wen of Sui Yang Jian.

Mr. Yu Youren once wrote a poem: "The wind, tiger, cloud and dragon are also accidental, and the words of deceiving people are full of stories." There are heroes in the Central Plains, and each has suffered for decades. "Looking back at Yang Jian's life, if the so-called beautified water of the official history of later generations is squeezed dry, what will be left?" In the first year of the emperor's opening, the Sui lord served Huang, and Huang was the honor of the upper service, and it was built as a permanent system". This passage in Wang Fuzhi's "Reading through the Commentary" makes us remember that Emperor Wen of Sui was the first emperor in Chinese history to wear a "yellow robe", and since he wore a yellow robe, later generations of Chinese emperors have changed to wear yellow clothes. In addition to this genuine "first", how much real contribution did this mediocre ruler make to the Chinese people at that time and in later generations?

Yang Jian just relied on the posture of a Chinese man to meet the good fortune, and finally became prominent for a while, but it could not last long.

In the second lunar month of 581 AD, he had become the emperor and created the foundation of the 38-year history of the Great Sui Empire, but for the 289 years of glorious history of the great Tang Dynasty, Yang Jian, who had set up the stage for free, obeyed the internal history supervisor, that is, the governor of the internal history province, Yu Qingze, and exterminated all the royal family of the Yuwen family, leaving no one behind.

The Ministry of Internal History is the decision-making body of the central military state of the Sui Dynasty, and its function is to prepare chapters and make cashiers' edicts. All the national edicts that the emperor wanted to issue were drafted by the Ministry of Internal History. The Ministry of Internal History initially placed one person each in charge of the Internal History Supervisor and the Internal History Order. The Sui Dynasty avoided "Zhong", probably because Yang Jian's father was called Yang Zhong, and changed the Zhongshu Province to the Inner History Province.

At that time, Shangshu's left servant shot and accepted Gao Ying, who was the No. 1 person in the court, and Yu Qingze, the internal history supervisor and secretary of the ministry, was the No. 2 person. He was once a subordinate general of Yue Wang Yu Wensheng, and he was recommended by Gao Ying's appreciation.

Yu Qingze, this person, is a military general who can fight, both civil and military, his surname is Yu, his ancestor is the Helian clan of the Xiongnu Tiefu Department, and his family has been a strong man in the north for generations.

This man can also carry two sheaths, ride left and right to shoot, the arrows are not missing, and he can wear heavy armor into battle. However, he was able to reach such a prominent place in a great way because of his high spirits.

After the founding of the Sui Dynasty, Gao Ying and his group of people, from the opening of the Prime Minister's Mansion to the establishment of the new regime in a few months, replaced Liu Fang, Zheng Yi and other people from the imperial system and the internal history system, forming a bureaucratic government group that leaned towards the government and the opposition in the early years of the emperor, among which Gao Ying was the core.

Although the specific details of Yu Qingze's replacement of Zheng Yi as the internal history supervisor are unclear, he was able to quickly rise to become the number two person in the Great Sui Empire's regime because of Gao Ying's promotion.

At the beginning, Gao Gong asked for peace with the Jihu raid on the south, and discussed with Yue Wang Yu Wensheng to find a person with "civil and military skills" to live in Fangshizhou, which is now Lishi District, Luliang City, Shanxi Province.

Because the terrain of the region is dangerous, it is one of the main grain producing areas, and it is important to resist the chaotic border areas.

Yu Qingze was selected, and this was the first time he was appreciated and recommended by Gao Gong.

And he did a great job in office.

Because of its grace and power, Ji Hu did not dare to commit crimes, and the territory was peaceful.

And it also made Jihu admire his heroic benevolence and righteousness, and there were more than 8,000 households who came to surrender.

Gao Gong became the Great Sima and ruled over the three provincial government agencies, and Yu Qing was promoted so quickly because of his ability.

Therefore, this person is not a traitor, he came out of this Jianyi who exterminated the Yuwen family's royal family, Yang Jian was also going to do it, and the big man Li Delin also made Yang Jian change his face because of his opposition to this, and reprimanded him for being a scholar and was not qualified to participate in the discussion of this matter.

Yang Jian will kill the descendants of the Yuwen clan in turn, which is equivalent to extermination:

The sons of Yuwentai, the Taizu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, in addition to Song Gongyu Wenzhen, Qian Wang Yuwenjian, and Ji Gongyu Wentong died earlier, and Wei Wang Yuwenzhi was killed earlier for crimes, Zhao Wangyu Wenzhao, Chen Wangyu Wenchun, Yue Wang Yuwensheng, Dai Wang Yuwenda, and Teng Wang Yuwenkui were all killed by Emperor Wen of Sui, and killed their sons together, leaving no one, and Yuwentai's descendants were almost extinct.

Emperor Min of the Northern Zhou Dynasty's son, Yuwen Kang, had died earlier, and his son Yu Wenxiang had also been killed. The descendants of Emperor Min have been killed. Emperor Bi Wang Yu Wenxian and Yu Wang Wenzhen of the Ming Emperor of the Northern Zhou Dynasty were all killed.

and killed Yuwen Hongwen, Yuwen Gongdao, Yuwen Shuniang, etc., the sons of Yuwen Xian; There are also Yuwen Dewen, the son of Yuwen Zhen, etc. So the descendants of Emperor Ming also died.

Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Han Wang Yuwen Zan, Qin Wang Yu Wenzhen, Cao Wang Yu Wenyun, Dao Wang Yu Wenchong, Cai Wang Yu Wendui, and Jing Wang Yu Wenyuan were all killed.

and killed Yuwen Daodao, Yuwen Daozhi, Yuwen Daoyi, etc., the son of Yuwen Zan; Yuwen Zhen's son, Yuwen Zhongzhong, Yuwen Jingzhi, Yuwen Jingren, etc. Others, which are not mentioned, have no children. As a result, the descendants of Emperor Wu were also killed.

Emperor Jing Zhou, the son of Emperor Xuan of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, was later killed by Yang Jian, and his sons Ye Wang Yu Wenyan and Ying Wang Yu Wenshu were only young children, and they could not escape the fate of being killed. The son of Emperor Xuan of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, he was killed.

In the royal clan: Yu Wenxuan was killed by Chi Yuan, who raised troops to respond to the lieutenant.

There are also Yuwen Qia, Yuwen Chun and Ziyu Wen Daozong, Yuwen Ren, Yuwen Linwu and his son Yuwen Lixian, etc.; Yuwen Zhong and his sons Yuwen Zhonghe and Yuwen Shulun were all killed.

Wei Yu Wenluo was named the Duke of the Kingdom and a guest of the Sui Dynasty because he was a child, but he was also killed soon. As a result, the royal family of the Yuwen family was exterminated.

Yuwen Zhao, a poet of the Yuwen family, has ten volumes of anthologies, which are published and distributed. So far, it seems that only one poem has survived:

Liaodong beacon fire shines on Ganquan, and Jibei Pavilion barrier connects Yanran.

The water freezes the first pu before the festival, and the cold elm is not money.

His poems are indeed sad and generous, which shows that he is not a warlike person, but he was born in that iron-blooded era, and the brush cannot make daggers and knives and guns.

Emperor Xuan of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, although Zhou Tianyuan is absurd and absurd, he also has two limerick poems, which are sincere and sincere, and accurately and vividly express his true inner world:

Knowing that one's life is urgent,

Put the candle on the night tour.

This gentleman's candle night tour is to seize the time and have fun in time, and the world only sees its worst side, but they don't know that he is the one who understands his situation best.

The so-called weak meat eats the strong, his weak meat, sooner or later he will be eaten by Yang Jian, the strong man, and have fun in time, you can say that he is using the wrong way to escape and even destroy reality, in order to avoid the emergence of that terrible future, but for him, what is the right way?