In the fifteenth year of the Apocalypse, the reform in the north has been going on for many years, the reform has basically been completed in an all-round way, and a perfect administrative system has emerged. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 infoThe local self-government system of the past has been replaced by the new management system of the imperial court today, and the administrative system has been extended from the state and county level to the township level, only the village level is the autonomous system, but at the administrative village level, there is also a village committee secretary of the Han Emperor Party sent by the imperial court.

This system is basically Zhu Youxiao's copying of the administrative model of later China.

At the same time, at the local level, a sound judicial, public security, educational, water conservancy, forestry, agriculture, civil affairs, industry and commerce, and taxation management systems have been established.

The reform of the agricultural tax has been completed in the north, and the measurement of all land and the registration of property rights have been clarified, and a large number of agricultural companies with their own land have appeared under the agricultural tax system in the heart. The traditional landlords who bought land and collected rents have gradually died out because the tax rate is too high, and only some small landlords who can afford the tax are left, but these small landlords have also developed into a large number of family farms.

Under this new agricultural tax model, landowners must put a lot of effort into managing their land, rather than collecting rent, and they also need to pay taxes when they set up an agricultural company, so they must work hard to increase productivity in order to ensure the profitability of the agricultural company.

For those landlords, many of them still have the financial resources to invest, and those who don't have the financial resources will buy land! Anyway, Zhu Youxiao's idea is to force those landlords and old fortunes to take out their money and invest it to inject vitality into economic development.

According to development economics and the "poverty trap" hypothesis, one of the important conditions for a country's economic take-off is investment of more than 11% of GDP.

If Daming wants to get out of this poverty trap, the biggest problem is to increase the scale of investment.

Over the past few years of reform in the northern provinces, the annual investment has become more and more huge. On the one hand, there is private investment, that is, those landlords have to choose to set up agricultural companies to manage their land on their own in order to circumvent the agricultural tax policy, so as to invest money to improve productivity and production conditions. On the one hand, the investment of private capital in the industrial and commercial industry, especially the investment in scientific research of the Royal Institute of Science and Technology and various state-owned enterprises established by the imperial court, gave birth to a series of technologies, and also brought huge competitive advantages to the industry and commerce of the northern provinces, especially the emergence of steam engines and railways, and the northern province with the fastest development of private capital is Shandong.

A large number of factories appeared in Shandong, and a large number of factory owners emerged, so that the private light industry began to flourish. On the one hand, Shandong belongs to the eastern provinces of East China, with coastal advantages, and at this time the Ming Dynasty is moving towards the era of sea power economy, the cost of shipping is lower, and there are a large number of trade advantages. At the same time, the atmosphere of Shandong, the people are also more industrious and thrifty, coupled with the support of the state-owned banks established by the imperial court for industry, giving a large number of loans, but also allowing the private industry in Shandong to take off rapidly.

On the other hand, the investment is the investment of the imperial court and state-owned enterprises, and the imperial court is constantly investing in the construction of civil infrastructure, and the scale of investment is beginning to become larger and larger. State-owned enterprises, on the other hand, focus on investing in heavy industry, mining, and agriculture.

The development of state-owned enterprises in heavy industry is now completely on the right track, and the investment in heavy industry has a longer cycle and slower results than light industry, but this industry is relatively stable. Especially at this time, Daming is in a stage of rapid development, and a large number of construction activities have made these heavy industries have a larger and larger market.

In terms of steelmaking, the open-hearth steelmaking method has been fully adopted in the fifteenth year of the Apocalypse, the open-hearth steelmaking technology has been very mature, and the 500-ton converter can be seen everywhere, and now the state-owned iron and steel enterprises have just broken through the 2,000-ton open-hearth construction technology, and a large number of 2,000-ton open-hearth furnaces have been put into construction in the fifteenth year of the Apocalypse, and they can be put into operation in a few years.

In the fifteenth year of the Apocalypse, the steel output of the Daming state-owned iron and steel plant also successfully exceeded 8 million tons, while the output of the private steel plant in the south fell rapidly to less than 5 million tons.

In the iron and steel industry, the technology of private steel and iron plants has become completely backward, and in terms of fuel, ore, etc., the south has little advantage over the north. Steel products in the south are gradually being replaced by state-owned steel products in the north. As the South entered the reform, the light industry in the South began to enter the stage of explosive development.

The development of the steel industry has also become very rapid at this time, on the one hand, the rise of machinery manufacturing and railway construction, on the other hand, with the development of the economy, the people are gradually becoming rich, and the market demand for steel is also growing. The state-owned steel plant is now growing in profitability every year, and these profits are invested in technology and capacity expansion.

Investment in state-owned mines is also continuing. At this time, Daming's mining technology can be described as advancing by leaps and bounds, with more powerful explosives, reliable steam engine drainage equipment, and a railway directly into the mine. From mining to transportation, a series of problems of the past have been eliminated.

State-owned farms are mainly engaged in the production of commercial grain, oil crops and other security crops, and state-owned enterprises also invest funds to upgrade production technology.

At the same time, there are also some state-owned enterprises that produce light industrial commodities, all of which have been rectified by Zhu Youjiao, and because such state-owned enterprises are involved in light industry, the light industry market has changed greatly, and the competition is also getting bigger and bigger, and the power of the CEOs of all such state-owned enterprises will be greater.

Under the investment of the imperial court, state-owned enterprises, and private capital, the total investment of the northern provinces of the Ming Dynasty accounted for 21% of GDP in the fifteenth year of the Apocalypse, and the industry was booming, and the industrial output value of the northern provinces also accounted for 63% of GDP in the fifteenth year of the Apocalypse.

The taxes paid and the profits paid by state-owned enterprises in the 15th year of the Apocalypse alone reached 1.5 billion yuan, and the leading technology has brought incomparably huge dividends. Moreover, this kind of industrial technology is the leading in the world, and it can be said that it is difficult to make money without making money.

The development of state-owned enterprises has received rich returns in the fifteenth year of the Apocalypse, and because the north and south of the Ming Dynasty have entered the reform, the next demand is greater, especially in terms of steel demand, there is a huge gap, and state-owned iron and steel enterprises are expanding their production capacity in large quantities.

Those iron and steel plants in the south, with the reform have also set up iron and steel companies, some private iron and steel companies with relatively strong funds have begun to introduce the technology of state-owned iron and steel plants, in terms of smelting technology, now with the continuation of reform, state-owned iron and steel plants are not blocked by technology, private iron and steel plants can also be introduced, but the price is relatively high, and those private iron and steel plants must pay taxes normally.

Heavy industry is also allowed to allow private capital to enter, so as to increase market competition and avoid the rigidity of state-owned enterprises. However, in the fields of energy, mining, finance, transportation, precision manufacturing, tobacco and alcohol, private enterprises are not allowed to enter if they want to, and some businesses are allowed to enter, but the restrictions are also very large. For example, in the mining sector, only small mines that are not suitable for state-owned enterprises are allowed to be mined by private enterprises, but they are responsible for mining disasters and have to pay higher taxes.

In the fields of finance, energy, mining, transportation, precision manufacturing and other fields, state-owned enterprises account for more than 90%, and most of the private enterprises are restricted outside these fields, and some fields are even completely restricted. These industries are either easy to plunder the wealth of the people, or they lie down to make money. The former falls into the hands of private capital, which is simply a disaster for the people, and the latter is cheaper than private enterprises, why not make money for state-owned enterprises?

In the northern provinces, which have completed reforms for many years, natural disasters are still occurring at this time, but man-made disasters have been quelled. The imperial court has completed the layout of the security system in the north, and food security is the most basic aspect, no matter how natural disasters occur, food prices can be kept stable. In particular, with the gradual improvement of the railway system, grain transportation has become very convenient.

At the same time, in terms of greening, the imperial court has also made a lot of efforts in recent years, and in the past, after the forests in the northern provinces were cut down, no one planted trees, resulting in serious soil erosion problems. When drought and flood come, the water conservation capacity of the land is poor, and it will either die of drought or waterlogging.

On the one hand, the imperial court planted trees in large areas of barren mountains, barren beaches, wastelands, and barren ditches in various prefectures and counties, and established state-owned forest farms.

On the one hand, the auction of those fragmented barren mountains, barren beaches, wastelands, and barren ditches clarifies the contracting rights, allowing private landowners to contract for 100 years, and then automatically renew the contract after 100 years. However, the individuals and units that contract the four wastelands need to complete afforestation within three years, and cannot be used for other business activities, but can only carry out tree planting.

There are also two types of auction policies for wasteland. One is suitable for family contracting, and the auction is carried out within the local administrative collective, which is equivalent to the auction of four wastelands in a certain village, and only the villagers of this village can participate in the bidding. The other is larger, and is not suitable for household contracting, and the external unit can participate in the open bidding.

Although the imperial court auctioned off the four wastelands in the name of contracting, it was actually equivalent to handing over the land property rights to individuals for one or two hundred years. However, the reason why it is necessary to use the name of contracting is that in the future, the state will regulate and control the means of production, and if the monopoly of private capital on the means of production is too serious, the state can take back the means of production in accordance with the contract.

Through the construction of a large number of state-owned forest farms and the auction policy of the four wastelands, the four wastelands in the northern provinces have been properly disposed of, and a large number of trees have been planted at this time.

Large-scale afforestation has yielded considerable results, and the resilience to floods and droughts has increased a lot, and as those trees grow, the water and soil conservation capacity will be further enhanced.

Many natural disasters in the late Ming Dynasty were actually caused by man-made disasters. Because a lot of trees have been cut down and no one has planted them, the slightest abnormality in the climate is a disaster. At this time, the imperial court was restoring these damaged ecological environments through afforestation, and its ability to resist disasters had been significantly enhanced.

With the development of heavy industry in the north and the improvement of agricultural production technology, a large number of laborers have been liberated from agricultural production, and the small-scale peasant economy with fragile resilience has gradually disappeared in the northern provinces.

The armed police and the army around the country also quickly participated in the rescue after the disaster, compared to the previous court did nothing, now in response to the occurrence of natural disasters, there is a very rapid response mechanism and response mechanism, the people encounter natural disasters, will not be forced to sell their wives and children, leave their hometowns to flee the famine.

The people who are engaged in industry are more stable. And once those ordinary people engaged in agriculture are affected, the imperial court will also carry out disaster relief activities to subsidize the losses of the people.

After many years of reform, ordinary people in the northern provinces have lived freely. In normal times, the official tax collection cannot be collected from them at all, and if it is a yeoman farmer, the imperial court has already exempted the yeoman farmer, as long as the land does not exceed 50 acres, it can be exempted from tax. If it is a common person working in a town, if it is a state-owned enterprise, a factory, or a private enterprise that has a formal establishment, that is, it pays some personal income tax, and it is paid only after wages, and the personal income tax is not high for the income of ordinary people.

If there are no people in the unit, there is no one to collect personal income tax from them.

In the past, the government urged the ordinary people to do science, but after the reform, the government urged the landlords and businessmen. In the past, when urging the people to get sick, not only did they have no oil and water, but they also aroused public anger. Now urging the landlords and businessmen to do so, it is definitely rich in oil and water, and of course, the imperial court will naturally not exhaust its efforts to catch fish.

But in the eyes of the imperial court, the meaning of the existence of landlords and merchants is nothing more than two. One is to organize production, and the other is to pay taxes.

Therefore, landlords and merchants are tools and money in the eyes of the imperial court.

For those landlords and merchants who are unable to exert their organizational productive capacity, there is an axiom no matter how oil and water are squeezed.

At the same time, the people of the northern provinces have basically completed the allocation of resources. For the people engaged in agricultural production, the imperial court distributed a large amount of land through immigration and other means. As for those tenant farmers, because of the development of industry, the income of workers was higher, and a large number of them moved into the towns to become workers. Due to the lack of tenant farmers and the high taxes of the imperial court, the landlords had to transform into agricultural companies to operate the means of production by increasing agricultural productivity, so that the advanced agricultural production technology in the northern provinces was rapidly popularized.

Although the workers do not have property rights to the means of production such as plant and equipment, the use of these materials in the production process is also a complete allocation of resources, so that they can give full play to the value of their personal labor and produce corresponding wealth. The improvement of the workers' security system in the imperial court also protected the rights and interests of the workers.

The rise of the status of the workers is the result of the struggle against the capitalists after the development of the productive forces and economic development. At this time, in the Ming Dynasty, not only the workers were fighting against the capitalists, but also the imperial court was also fighting against the capitalists, so the workers' security system was introduced, so that the workers had laws to follow in the process of fighting against the capitalists and could protect their own rights and interests.

The so-called democracy of Westerners is actually only the result of the development of the productive forces and the economy, and it is not that the development of the economy and the productive forces can only be achieved after democracy exists. Americans are also the best at stealing beams and changing pillars, packaging a set of theories that seem to make sense on some false basis, but the basis of these theories is wrong, and even if flowers grow on it, it is still false and wrong things.

At this time, if Zhu Youxiao wants to eliminate the class gap, the only way out is to continue to develop the productive forces and liberate the labor force, and at the same time adhere to the concept of taking the state-run economy as the pillar, and the private enterprises are the auxiliary force of the market, and they can also hold up half the sky, but they have to face cruel market competition, and only the best ones can survive, and no one can make money with their feet crossed.