readx; Beginning in 1933, the focus of various countries was basically on the economy, and despite diplomatic conflicts and covert competition for new military equipment, the basic policy of various countries in the mid-thirties was quite consistent, that is, economic development. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 The world economic crisis that began in 1929 has left a serious impression on all countries in the world, and even though several years have passed, most countries have not yet recovered from their predicament.

Since the end of the war in mid-1931, although China's total military expenditure has increased every year, the proportion of China's fiscal revenue has not increased much, and it has been greatly lower than that of the 20s.

It has to be said that China's economic achievements in recent years are very huge, the economic development rate has been maintained at more than 10% in recent years, and the growth of these developments is concentrated in the industrial part, if in 1929 China was only a second-rate industrial country, then after five or six years of development, by 1935, China's industrial economy has been enough to rank among the ranks of first-class powers, in the process almost doubled, and the reason why it was able to achieve such a substantial growth, It is inseparable from China's use of central and local finance to carry out a large number of infrastructure construction, which are basically large investment, high energy-consuming investment models, which consume a large number of domestic labor resources and industrial capacity, and this increase in domestic demand directly drives the domestic employment demand, and the national income has been greatly improved, and the increase in national income is to directly stimulate the domestic market for various consumer products, thereby directly stimulating the development of various domestic industries.

If military expenditure is also included, then more than 80 percent of China's fiscal revenue has been used to stimulate domestic demand, although the methods used are different, but the effect is the same. This is because whether it is directly subsidizing the peasants' expenditures, directly investing in the construction of various infrastructures, or issuing large loans to enterprises through the state-controlled Bank of Communications and the Industrial Development Bank, the money will eventually flow into the socio-economic circulation system, and even military spending will eventually return to the social and economic circulation system.

Through this kind of tough pull, China's industrial economy developed in the early thirties showed an unprecedented strength, and this growth momentum was unexpectedly unending for a while, and domestic economic experts have all released bold claims that China's economic development can maintain this momentum for at least 15 years.

Although the speed of economic development that has been boosted by the forced intervention of the political axe has many shortcomings, such as inflation, the national income has increased a lot on the surface, but the rise in prices has made the growth effect of national income equal to zero, and in some areas there is even some regression, and this situation is more obvious in the more developed regions.

Taking Shanghai as an example, the housing prices of the most developed city in Asia have risen in the past twenty or thirty years and the speed of Shanghai's economic development is almost proportional, taking Shanghai GDB Center around Huidong New Road as an example, where many large domestic and foreign enterprises are concentrated in the office location, and the vicinity is also the earliest concentrated high-end residential area in Shanghai, a five-story apartment in the early twenties was only about 30,000 yuan. However, today in 1935, the price is as high as more than 100,000 yuan, almost more than tripled, and the price of the small Western-style buildings that are farther away are basically as high as hundreds of thousands.

You must know that the Chinese yuan in this era is very valuable, the salary of an ordinary factory worker is between ten yuan and fifteen yuan, and the income of intellectuals with higher incomes, such as ordinary middle school teachers, will be fifty or sixty yuan, this income is the income of a family most of the time, limited by people's cognitive form, most of the women in this era will not come out to work, and the family income is basically supported by the male owner alone, of course, this situation is not only in China, other countries are also like a bird, In these days, everyone has been saying the word equality between men and women, but no one has done it.

At such a level of per capita income, those mansions in the city center that can easily cost tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of yuan are naturally not for ordinary people to live in, just like the average American salaryman in later generations cannot afford to buy an apartment on the Upper East Side. Far away from Huidong New Road, the ordinary single courtyard includes several main houses and several wing rooms, and the asking price of an ordinary house covering an area of about half an acre is about 1,000 yuan, and this price has risen four or five times compared with the price during the First World War, and at that time it was about 200 yuan at most to buy such a house.

These increases in housing prices, as well as other price increases, have actually offset China's national income growth over the past decade. However, this does not mean that the living standards of the people have not improved, just like China before 2000 and China in 2013, although incomes have also increased, prices have risen even more, but no one has said that China's living standards in 2013 are worse than in 2000.

It is not realistic to measure the living standards of the people of a country only by wage income and prices, but the per capita food level can better analyze whether the living standards of the people have improved or not.

Before the 20s, China's Ministry of Civil Affairs lacked relevant data and could not produce accurate per capita grain data, but an approximate value was still acceptable, and at the beginning of reunification, China's per capita grain level was about 250 kilograms, and the reason why it was so low was mainly due to the frequent civil wars in the four or five years from Xinhai to reunification, and after 1924, 10 years after the development of reunification, the per capita grain increased to 290 kilograms.

In the late twenties and thirties, China's agriculture began to apply chemical fertilizers on a large scale, and grain production further increased, and the annual import of grain from Southeast Asia increased year by year, and by 1935, the per capita grain was about 320 kilograms.

Although this level cannot be compared with the per capita level of four or five hundred kilograms in Europe and the United States, this achievement is already impressive considering China's huge population base. In contrast, from 1955 to 1958, that is, the best period of China's 50s and 60s, the per capita grain was only about 300 kilograms, and it only increased to more than 300 kilograms after the 80s, and it did not exceed the level of 400 kilograms until 2000. However, the increase in per capita food level in later generations was based on the premise of modern agriculture and the large-scale application of hybrid rice.

In order to raise the per capita grain level under Chen Jingyun's leadership, China's most important thing was to open up the country's idle land, increase the use of chemical fertilizers, and import some grain from Southeast Asia. Compared with China in the thirties, the grain problem was still relatively easy to solve, mainly because the land had increased a lot, but the population was less than half of that of later China, so even though the unit output of grain was not as good as that of later generations, the grain problem was still relatively easy to solve on the whole.

The increase in per capita grain level can most directly illustrate the improvement in the living standards of the Chinese people over the past 20 years and more. In addition, the development of industry and a large number of industrial products have also brought a lot of convenience to people's lives.

The improvement of the people's living standards, coupled with the fact that the war was won again in 1931, brought Chen Jingyun great personal prestige, and this improvement in personal prestige also brought great benefits to Chen Jingyun.

At the end of 1934, in China's fifth presidential election, Chen Jingyun won re-election without any suspense, even though there were several people who accompanied him to participate in the campaign, but everyone knew that those people were here to foil, and it could not be said that there was only one candidate in the presidential election.

There are some things that I know are like this, but I have to be cheeky to deny them.

Chen Jingyun regards himself as a scholar from the bottom of his heart, but whether it is in public or private, Chen Jingyun is the lord of the people when he opens his mouth, and he is free when he closes his mouth.

A person who reads talent will never say that he is a reader, and what others say in private is someone else's business.

After being re-elected as president without any suspense, Chen Jingyun's administration is also the policy of continuing the previous term, and the keynote is to continue to develop the industrial economy, and the secondary thing is to reorganize the armament war.

At the end of 1935, according to the provisions of the London Naval Treaty, the Naval Limitation Treaty was about to expire on December 31, 1936, and in order to continue the Naval Limitation Treaty, Britain and the United States began to convene various countries to negotiate at the end of 1935 in an attempt to renew the treaty.

However, the British and American moves were not welcomed by the other countries, and it was China that was the first to raise objections, because according to the relevant negotiations in the Second London Naval Treaty, the Chinese delegation put forward a request to increase the tonnage of the navy's capital ships to 450,000 tons, which is the same as the "original."

Although it is said that the strength of the battleship faction in China has been greatly weakened, the role of battleships is still not to be underestimated, and even Admiral Guan Shijie, the head of the aviation faction, believes that in the aircraft carrier formation, there must be at least one or more high-speed warships to escort it, and although the pure aircraft carrier formation is barely usable, it is very dangerous in the case of a high-speed surprise attack by the enemy's high-speed ships, and this situation has already been reflected in the Sino-Chinese war a few years ago.

Among China's capital ships, although the four battleships are still strong in combat, their speed is only 28 knots, and this speed is difficult to keep up with the aircraft carrier formation, because in the aircraft carrier formation, the lowest speed is the aircraft carrier itself 32 knots, while the other auxiliary ships are all more than 34 knots. The Shaohao that is scheduled to be used for escorting aircraft carrier formations is thirty-one knots, which is also sufficient, but the speed of twenty-eight knots of the four battleships of the Yandi-class and Shundi-class is too low.

In order to improve the escort force of the aircraft carrier formation, the Chinese Navy also needs at least two or more high-speed battleships, but China's current capital ship tonnage has been exhausted, and the mid-term large-scale refit of four battleships was voluntarily abandoned in order to build the Shaohao.