In the grassland in spring, there is a scene of grass growing and warblers flying. The grass grew luxuriantly, and everything seemed to be thriving. A new year has begun, and the grazing of the Mongols has begun.

Those Mongolian herdsmen who took refuge in the Ming Dynasty came to their pastures at the beginning of spring. Patches of pastures have been divided, and these Mongol tribes have driven their cattle and sheep into these pastoral areas.

It's been a busy year, with every Mongolian herder family busy setting up tents and boundary posts.

On the grassland, they have a pasture of their own, and they can live a stable life, no longer chasing water and grass everywhere.

Some of the Mongolian tribes were so poor that they didn't even have tents, but the problem was solved. By the time they spent the winter, the imperial court had already given them a loan to buy tents. At the beginning of spring, some herders also lacked cattle and sheep, and they also took out loans to buy them.

Before relocating to their own pastures, the Mongolian herders also took out loans to buy many daily necessities. Examples include tea, porcelain, and iron pots.

These loans are interest-free, so you don't have to worry about being rolled over. If you can't afford to repay, you can apply for a moratorium.

Let these herdsmen be happy, and under the continuous propaganda of the imperial court, they began to resolutely support the policies of the imperial court. In the future, they will no longer have to be overexploited by the Mongol aristocracy, or they can own the surplus of labor.

In the past, these Mongolian herders lived in a collective tribal environment, and the surplus labor did not belong to them. Of course, as a collective tribal system, as long as there are enough cattle and sheep, it will not be hungry. The tribal society of the Mongols also had its own system of distribution.

The Mongol aristocracy usually tried to feed the tribesmen, because when they were full, they could carry out military activities. Or resist the attacks of other tribes, and so on. But the surplus of labor was enjoyed by the aristocracy. Ordinary herders are not rich in labor.

It's different when it's assigned to pasture. In the future, the labor will be rich, and it is only necessary to pay a tax of 10% to the Mongolian nobles of the tribe, and it is still acceptable to draw one out of ten sheep. Wealthy cattle and sheep, they could trade with the Ming people for tea, porcelain and ironware, as well as cotton cloth, and even cane sugar from the south. This was absolutely unimaginable in the past.

When they settled down on their pastures, a life of hope began.

The imperial court made some grazing regulations for them. For example, 2,000 acres of pasture must be fallow every year, and no more than two goats must be grazed in one pasture, which Mongolian herders are all complying with. Because these pastures belong to them, and the pastures are spoiled, and the bitter fruits are borne by themselves.

The main reason for limiting the number of goats in grazing is that goats eat grass together with their roots, while sheep do not eat grass. But a ranch is inseparable from goats, because goats have a higher IQ, and the head sheep are all served by goats.

Among the livestock of the steppe, sheep have the lowest IQ. When you see people, you run around. Cows and horses, on the other hand, have relatively high IQs, so they don't have to worry about letting them out. They will find their own home, and among them, horses have the highest IQ.

Every household raises two or three hundred sheep, a dozen cows and a dozen horses, which is basically the living conditions of the herdsmen in the pastures planned by the imperial court.

Sheep can produce wool and sheepskins, and are the most commercialized. After the wool and sheepskin are produced, there is no worry about sales.

What Daming needs most now is raw materials, sweaters have begun to become popular in Beizhili at this time, and the demand for wool is also increasing.

There are also cattle and horses that are not worried about the market, beef herders can keep for their own food, can also be sold, cowhide is also a large demand for raw materials in the Ming Dynasty. Horses are the best livestock to sell, and now the economy of the North and Tohoku regions is developing, and the demand for horses is increasing due to the continuous expansion of land transportation.

Whether it is an inferior horse for post use, or a military horse and a middle horse, there is a broad market. The military's demand for war horses will obviously be met in the next few years, because the royal military horse farm and the enterprise horse farm are under construction, but there are many wealthy people in the Ming Dynasty, and the demand for good horses is also large.

It can be said that as long as it stabilizes for a few years, these Mongolian herdsmen can live a carefree life, do not have to worry about life, and can also enjoy the daily necessities of the Ming Dynasty.

When the time comes, let them return to the tribal life of Mongolia, and they will not be willing to be killed.

Obviously, the Ming Dynasty's ruling structure over the grassland, because of the abandonment of rough plunder, also allowed the Ming Dynasty to occupy the grassland for a long time.

As long as these Mongolian herders stabilized and agreed with the rule of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty could sweep across the entire steppe in the future and bring the entire steppe into this system.

What the Ming can give, the Mongolian Khan can't.

The Ming dynasty ceded the benefits of animal husbandry to the Mongol herdsmen and the Mongol aristocracy, but was able to earn commercial benefits while exploiting the minerals of the steppe. It can strategically eliminate the threat of nomads to the Ming Dynasty, and also obtain a large amount of horse-producing land, which is simply very cost-effective.

Those Mongolian nobles who took refuge in the Ming Dynasty were also very concerned about this year's animal husbandry production at this time. This means that they have no income this year, can they get the silver and then go to the flower world of Daming to enjoy life.

With the support of the Mongol nobility and Mongolian herdsmen, the Ming dynasty's rule over the steppe was initially established. As long as those cities are built, the dominance can be further deepened.

The development of resettlement in the Northeast is constantly underway.

Under the leadership of the government, the immigration work was advancing northward in an all-round way, and on the other hand, it formed a line along the Heilongjiang River and rapidly advanced northward.

The Heilongjiang River flows to the north, and the estuary is not far east of Sakhalin Island. Outside of the freezing period, the thousand-ton sailboat can easily sail in the river, and the river is in good navigation condition, which belongs to an area with relatively convenient transportation. As a result, the banks of the rivers became the first areas to settle.

Through river transportation and sea transportation, such a communication line was formed from Heilongjiang Province in later generations, to the territory of Russia, and then to Sakhalin Island. With this convenient transportation, the mined resources can be easily transported out, and then transported back to the Daming Pass by sea and land, and the goods in the customs can also be transported to the Heilongjiang River basin unimpeded in summer and autumn.

In Taiwan, the five-year development campaign of Tianqi is still continuing, but it has spread to the entire coastal plain of Taiwan.

Both the west and the east are strongholds for immigrants. Farms in each colony have been opened up and are constantly expanding.

As far as the eye can see, there are rice paddies and sugar cane plantations, and construction teams are constantly building water conservancy facilities on the plains for irrigation and drainage.

By the middle of June, Taiwan had reclaimed more than 5 million mu of cultivated land, and Taiwan's population had reached more than 200,000. Nearly half of them are workers who have come to work in Taiwan, and only half are immigrants with their families. Workers who came to Taiwan by boat to work found that Taiwan was a treasure land, rich in products, pleasant in climate, new in the imperial court system, and fairer in society. Many of the workers are already planning to emigrate over, so they wait for the work on the construction site to be done, and then bring the whole family over.

There are also people who choose to immigrate to Luzon, because the land in Taiwan is basically owned by the Royal Agricultural Company, and the main purpose of coming to Taiwan is to work as workers and do business.

However, in Luzon, land can be obtained, and the government has issued a notice that the people who are willing to go to Luzon to cultivate can cultivate 300 acres of plantations per household, and those who are more than 300 acres need to pay the purchase price for land.

Zhu Youxiao realized the problem of foreign expansion, so he issued a holy decree to the navy, strictly prohibiting all kinds of massacres. This world is the law of the jungle, but after all, man is the top of the biological chain, and humanity must be observed. You can exploit and oppress a person, but you can't cruelly deprive a person of the right to live.

Therefore, the massacre is strictly prohibited in foreign expansion, and the behavior of ** and robbing civilians is also prohibited by Zhu Youxiao.

It can be taxed, but it can't be overtly robbed.

Even if it is to collect taxes, Zhu Youxiao also asked the navy to collect an appropriate amount of taxes in the process of colonial military management, and not to exceed the scope of those alien races.

Those Nanyang monkeys who slaughtered Han people naturally couldn't give them too good a life. But that doesn't mean that Da Ming can also slaughter them. It's like a dog biting a person, and the most a person can do is beat the dog to death, but not the dog.

For those who clearly participated in the massacre to obtain the natives, the Ming Dynasty can punish and cut down these natives. But they can't directly carry out massacres, and those old and weak women and children still can't be killed.

Later, Luzon was included in the rule of the Ming Dynasty, and these natives had no social security. At the same time, in terms of education, Zhu Youxiao is not prepared to give these natives too many resources.

In addition, these natives are naturally lazy, and they are basically at the bottom of society.

The Han people themselves are industrious enough, so they can naturally own land and wealth in the Nanyang society, and these Nanyang natives work for the Han people.

These Nanyang natives have no culture and no motivation for development. A large amount of fertile land does not know how to develop, but the Han people have a strong sense of development.

Therefore, as long as the Han people who are willing to immigrate to Nanyang, they can carry out reclamation in the military area occupied by the navy, and the upper limit of 300 mu of free reclamation is the welfare of immigrants. More than 300 acres is for the merchant's capital, the land purchase price still has to be paid, and the land sale price is relatively moderate, that is, neither too high nor too low.

After the plantation was developed, the annual tax was paid as usual.

The war between the Ming and the Spaniards on Luzon had been going on for almost a year, and clashes between the navies of the two sides had often erupted at sea.

It's just that the Spaniards have repeatedly failed to take advantage, and the warships are getting fewer and fewer, and they have rarely left the port in Manila, just waiting for the support of the treasure fleet from the Americas.

On land, the Spaniards were defeated and retreated, and the Ming Marines had advanced about 50 kilometers north of Manila, and the area north was basically completely absorbed by the Marines into the military occupation zone.

In the plain valley of the Cagayan River valley in northern Luzon, the Spanish rule in the area has been destroyed, and the local indigenous ruling forces have submitted to the Ming Dynasty. For them, it's a change of master. When the Spaniards were strong, they listened to the Spaniards, and when the Ming came, they listened to the Ming.

In the midst of the suffering of the Spanish colonists, their treasure fleet finally crossed the Pacific Ocean to Manila. (To be continued.) )