Chapter 907: The Plaza Accord I
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"We believe that the island countries will definitely agree, and they can even accept the punitive tariffs we impose, let alone let their currencies appreciate, and the appreciation of their currencies will be of great benefit to the economic development of their countries. Pen | fun | pavilion www. biquge。 info{{}}..” James said.
Do the islanders dare to disagree? Then, the United States will certainly delve into the deeper impact of the Toshiba incident.
"We must be cautious in doing this, and the key issue is to make this depreciation process a smooth transition." Bush heard about the plan made by the Treasury Department and knew that although the feasibility of this plan was very high, there were also certain dangers hidden.
Among them, the most important is that this depreciation process has been smooth and excessive, because the United States has already learned a lesson.
In 1977, Carter Zhèngfu's finance minister, Blumessa, used the trade surplus between the former Federal Republic of Germany and the former Federal Republic of Germany as a reason to verbally intervene in the foreign exchange market, hoping to stimulate U.S. exports and reduce the U.S. trade deficit through measures to depreciate the dollar. His speech led to a frenzied sell-off of the dollar by investors, and the dollar depreciated sharply against the currencies of major industrial countries.
The United States wants to devalue the dollar, but it must not exceed their limits, if the dollar price system collapses, then the American economy will be finished, so President Carter launched a "dollar rescue package" to support the dollar price. After many efforts and the interference of the oil crisis, they were able to overcome that difficulty.
This method is a double-edged sword.
"This time, we are fully prepared. We will come up with nearly $20 billion to support our currency depreciation program, plus funds from other countries, estimated at at least $30 billion, which is a huge amount of money that will be enough to deal with possible market speculation and allow our currency to depreciate smoothly and without problems. James said.
Hear here. Vice President Reagan was also relieved that he had the money and would be able to deal with other problems that might arise.
If only he knew. {{}} In the world's capital market, there is now a batch of six or seven billion dollars that are ready, and. This batch of funds, through the amplification of finance, can play a role of six or seven hundred billion US dollars, I am afraid he will not be so optimistic.
"Since everyone is fine, then, I approve the plan of the Ministry of Finance." President Ronald Reagan said.
In fact, until now, they have not realized that in the international currency market, zhèngfu has the ability to intervene in the international currency market. Because the resources of zhèngfu were very limited, it was not until the economic crisis in Southeast Asia that the major industrial countries in the world, led by the United States, suddenly discovered this fact, which became the main reason for their inaction.
They don't know either. Even in later generations, after the successful implementation of this agreement, the trade surplus of the island countries with the United States increased significantly for a long time after the gradual depreciation of the dollar. The appreciation of the RI dollar did not open up a vast island market for American goods, that is, it even occupied the market of its own country. {{}} also did not succeed, because the products of the island countries have a strong structural difference with the domestic products of the United States, and there is no price competition. This is the most basic economic principle, only products with low average production costs can occupy a dominant position in the market. On the contrary, the appreciation of the currency of the island country has prepared for the capital of the island country to enter the world, and the capital predators of the island country have started a new round of expansion.
And even after the collapse of the bubble economy, the stock market and real estate prices of the island countries collapsed, in this most tragic era of the economy, the products of the island countries, electrical appliances, automobiles, and machinery products, still play an important role in the world market, and still have strong competitiveness.
But for now, at least, Americans are confident that letting the dollar depreciate against the currencies of major developed countries can increase the export competitiveness of their products in disguise. /\/\.. /\/\
With the unanimous approval of the top level, this important international economic event was finally not instigated by Qusay's wings, and it still developed according to the original history, but it cannot be completely said that the cause of this incident, after all, has a lot to do with Toshiba's export of high-tech products to the Soviet Union, and this incident was successfully broken, and Qusay only kindly reminded him.
On September 3, 1985, 59th Street, New York, a nineteen-storey building was erected here, across the street from Zhongyāng Park, and east of Grand General Square, which was also named the Plaza Hotel. {{}}
This castle-like building has an excellent location, opening the window to see the most fashionable street in New York, and the interior of the Plaza Hotel, the decoration is extremely exquisite, more than 1,600 crystal chandeliers, complex and gorgeous, each of which is a valuable work of art. The palatial interior and excellent service make this building famous both inside and out, and it is a favorite residence for people from all over the world, athletes and entertainment stars, as well as a favorite residence for dignitaries from all over the world during their visit to the United States.
On this day, the building welcomed a new guest.
Plaza Hotel, Palm Room.
This is the most famous lobby of the Plaza Hotel, with palm trees and marble columns, crystal lamps folded through layers of mirrors, and gold-encrusted silverware that shines through. Noble, gorgeous, and so pleasing to the eye. {{}}
At the round table of Zhongyāng, the Ministers of Finance of the United States, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, and the United Kingdom, as well as the presidents of the Bank of Zhongyāng, and their assistants, sat around the round table, their faces full of smiles, but their hearts were making calculations, because this was going to be a meeting that would have a great impact on their economy.
U.S. Treasury Secretary James Baker, Federal German Treasury Minister Jehart Stoddenberg, French Finance Minister Pierre Begber and British Finance Minister Nigel Lawson and others, looking at the people from the island country, they can be described as dressed in strange clothes, Noboru Takeshita was originally playing at a golf course near Narita Airport, received news from the United States, and immediately rushed over, still wearing a golf suit.
In the last incident, the island countries can be said to have obeyed the United States. James was very satisfied. Therefore, he is full of confidence in this negotiation.
"In our economic world, to a large extent, we hope for the spontaneous adjustment of the market, and are unwilling to interfere too much, but at certain times, we must also use tough measures to protect the normal and healthy development of the economy, which is also the unshirkable responsibility of our five countries." James said first.
Listening to James's words, these other people who were already very aware of the current situation in the economic field did not speak, and were waiting for James's next words.
"In the past few years, the continuous appreciation of the US dollar has brought great risks to the United States and the entire international financial order, in order to avoid problems in the international financial order, we must take strong measures to avoid this situation now, so, I think, the dollar should depreciate." James said.
"Now, the economic situation in our European countries is not optimistic, and if we want the dollar to depreciate, we have to appreciate our currency accordingly, so that our domestic unemployment rate will increase dramatically, and the economy will even regress." British Finance Minister Nigel first said: "We in the UK do not have the ability to do this, so we will not appreciate the pound." ”
Britain because of the last incident, and the United States relations have been a little rifted, however, the two sides are still close to each other, but, in this economic field, or first of all, to take into account their own interests, want Britain to appreciate its own currency, to help the United States eliminate the fiscal deficit, if he agrees, go back and must not be scolded by the Iron Lady, I am afraid that the position of the Minister of Finance, even if it is the end of the seat.
Subsequently, the French Minister of Finance also expressed the opinion that the domestic economic situation in France is very poor and will not appreciate its currency. France is even less terrible, because France is not a NATO country, in the world, France is a big country with a lot of influence, France in many aspects, such as arms exports, is playing against the United States, the United States called on NATO countries to ban arms exports to a certain country, as a result, cheapened the French for nothing, let them occupy the market there.
So, France doesn't have that kind of obligation to help the Americans pay the bill.
Only the Federal Republic of Germany and the island countries remain, in the present, the Federal Republic of Germany and the island countries are very economically developed countries, the two countries in World War II belonged to the defeated countries, therefore, can no longer develop a strong national defense force, the investment in national defense has decreased, naturally the development of the economy wholeheartedly, the two countries in the industry, and have a very deep heritage, so, the economy is developing well, the Federal Republic of Germany's foreign exchange reserves, is also very much.
Hearing the words of the British and French finance ministers, James did not speak, these situations were all expected by him, and he did not think about making the pound and the franc appreciate, as long as the mark and the RI dollar appreciated, especially the RI dollar, which was his main target.
"Our banks in the Federal Republic of Germany will appropriately raise the deposit rate and lower the discount rate to attract the return of the national currency and stabilize the value of the mark." Jehart said.
Hearing the helpless words of the German Minister of Finance, everyone knew in their hearts that Britain and France could refuse, but Germany could not, the Federal Republic of Germany was facing the rolling Soviet steel torrent behind the Berlin Wall at any time, and they relied on the American garrison, but Jehart was an old fox, he did not directly say that he wanted to devalue the German mark, but only raised the interest rate to attract the mark back, so that the exchange rate of the mark against the dollar could be raised, but this was only a negative means, If you want to rely on this means to realize the US plan to devalue the dollar, I am afraid that it will not be possible to realize it in a few years.