Chinese New Year's Eve is the most important meal to say goodbye to the old and welcome the new. In addition to all kinds of Jiangnan customs, rewarding the gods is also the top priority. Xu Yuanzuo was so-so with everything else, and even the ancestors of the Xu family were not very polite, but he was a little in awe of Shinto.

If there are no supernatural powers, then how did he get here?

Compared with people who have not encountered strange incidents, it is natural that Xu Yuanzuo is more concerned.

Xu Liangzuo was soy sauce throughout the whole process, and hurriedly had dinner to go to the street to set off firecrackers with his friends and cross the fire.

As for Xu's mother, she took her daughter Wen Jing to the Xuejiabang City God's Temple in the south of the town to incense. Now the Xu family is already a relative of Xu Gelao, Xu Yuanzuo has brought more than 30 young people in the town to beg for a living, and the local rich families have also established relations with his family.

Of course, this is also because some other rich families believe in Buddhism, so the City God Temple is considered to be let out. If Xu's mother also believes in Buddhism, then this incense may have to wait another two years to burn.

Xu Yuanzuo and Xu He were too lazy to go out, staring at home, and when they finally couldn't stay up, Xu Yuanzuo first said hello and went upstairs to read. However, this time, instead of reading the Four Books and Five Classics of the Imperial Examination, he turned out the notes he wrote when he first came that day, and analyzed the situation in Longqing for three years again, picking up and filling in the gaps, just like an inspection before handing in the papers.

The results are the same as the hand-in inspection, and there is basically no gain.

At the moment when Xu Yuanzuo closed the cheats, a currency to huàn rate suddenly flashed in front of him.

"One tael of silver is equal to the usual copper coin, which is about eight hundred coins in the Wanli period."

Xu Yuanzuo opened the cheats again, and looked at the entry carefully, it turned out to be a memory to be verified. As a liberal arts student, he has read too many books. Only those who have actually read a lot of books will know that the knowledge and information in the books cannot be fully trusted. Some of them are the author's mistakes, and some are his own memory illusions, so he wrote this down to remind himself to verify more.

There were so many things that happened afterwards that I forgot about it.

But the answer to this question is also available. Because of the problem of fake silver, Xu Yuanzuo prefers copper coins, at least the quality of copper coins is recognizable at a glance. Therefore, after several exchanges, the exchange rate is also very clear, one or two ninety percent of silver can be exchanged for 1,400 to 500 copper coins -- depending on the quality of copper coins.

Xu Yuanzuo picked up the pen to make up the correct content, and suddenly his heart moved, and he began to think silently.

Starting from the exchange of silver money for huàn, one or two exchanges have always been Qianwen, which seems to be common sense and benchmark.

The Ming Dynasty neglected to mint money, and in the entire 276-year history of the Ming Dynasty, the total economic volume was higher than that of the Two Song Dynasty, but the amount of money minted was only one-third of that of the Two Song Dynasty. On the market, not only can you see all kinds of Hongwu money and Yongle money that circulate with peace of mind, these "ancient coins" of the Ming Dynasty, and even a considerable number of copper coins of the Song Dynasty. As for iron money, although it is not in the national economic sequence, it is also a secondary currency recognized by the market.

From the perspective of later generations, Xu Yuanzuo often excavated records of tons of Song money in a certain place, and in addition to gambling stones, there are also "gambling money mountains" in the antique market -- that is, from the "money mountains" that are condensed into one, gambling luck to see if they can open Song money of high value and good quality.

The people of the Ming Dynasty could not have imagined such a situation.

The Wanli period spanned a great time, and it was also during the Wanli period that the world's silver smelting technology was greatly improved twice, and two-thirds of the mined silver poured into China. For the Ming Dynasty, especially for Jiangnan, the depreciation of silver is a general trend.

As the mainstream currency of the market, once the depreciation of silver occurs, the most intuitive market table is the price increase of various commodity types. Therefore, the price of copper rose, and the ratio of copper money to huàn changed from 1,45 to 1 to 800 to 1?

This means that silver has lost more than 50 percent of its value!

Xu Yuanzuo knew that silver would depreciate further until the British couldn't help but exchange ** for silver. This is the general trend of history, and it is also the standard answer to steal a look. However, on a closer look, it seems that silver should not have depreciated so much.

First of all, it was the custom of the Han Chinese to keep the silver in a silver cellar underground. In this way, most of the silver will not enter the market, and of course it will not cause inflation.

Secondly, historical knowledge told Xu Yuanzuo that the price of rice in the Ming Dynasty was very stable before the Chongzhen National Rebellion. Although it is stable and rising, it must be taken into account that after the 15th year of Wanli, Nanzhi and Zhejiang provinces basically switched to cash crops, and all daily grain relied on "imports" from Huguang. This also proves that the increase in silver did not cause inflation, at least during the Wanli period.

So, is it because the price of copper has risen?

Xu Yuanzuo thought carefully about the possible factors of rising copper prices.

First of all, copper, as an industrial raw material, is basically not considered in Daming. Because there is no industry in the Ming Dynasty.

The second is as handicrafts and daily necessities, such as Buddha statues, copper furnaces, copper mirrors...... With the expansion of maritime trade, these things should have a certain overseas market, but the trade volume cannot be compared with the later era of large industry, so it is a bit far-fetched to say that it directly affects the price of silver and copper.

Unless, as in the Song Dynasty, merchants bought a large number of copper coins for export as handicrafts, and there was a shortage of copper coins in China.

However, the copper mining technology of the Ming Dynasty has been greatly improved, and the country is not as dependent on copper coins as the Song Dynasty, and even copper coins cannot be taxed as legal goods, so who will buy copper coins to cast handicrafts?

Xu Yuanzuo had a flash of inspiration in his mind, and suddenly grabbed the word "tax payment"!

In order to ensure the market circulation of Daming treasure banknotes, the imperial court has successively had a "silver ban" and a "money ban". Of course, the imperial court did not have the ability to really put an end to the circulation of silver and copper coins on the market, and they themselves were also minting money, and the so-called "ban" was "forbidden to pay taxes with this".

Silver has been circulating in Jiangnan since the Tianshun period, but the ban on paying taxes was not relaxed until after Jiajing. Although the Jiajing Dynasty minted the first batch of gold-backed coins in the history of numismatics with two-fire brass, it still forbade the people to pay taxes with copper coins.

Xu Yuanzuo thought of this, and the answer was already coming out.

After Longqing, there must be an order to relax the ban on copper coins. The imperial court must have agreed to pay taxes with copper coins! If it weren't for this good news, it would have been difficult for the value of the coin to double with the development of the natural economy.

Nowadays, the price of two-fire brass is eight cents of silver per catty, and eight cents per catty of tin. According to the rules set by the Hongzhi Dynasty, every pound of copper is used, and one to two taels of tin are used, and the money weighs one penny and two cents. In this way, the material cost of one hundred and fifty copper coins is eight and a half cents of silver.

1,500 wen is eight coins and five cents of silver. If there are enough materials, plus labor costs, smelting losses, and transportation costs, then one or two taels of silver is basically equivalent to huàn 1400 to 500 gold back money.

After Xu Yuanzuo finished the calculation, he secretly said in his heart: I didn't expect the imperial court to make money on the issuance of copper coins! And once the price of copper and tin rises, and the management cost increases, the imperial court may lose money.

No wonder the imperial court has no enthusiasm for minting money!

The imperial court does not mint money, and the people cannot do without money, so private money is naturally flooded. The quality of private money is not good, and the copper content of poor-quality money can be as low as two cents, and of course the imperial court does not want to see that all the taxes collected are iron, lead, and miscellaneous money. In this way, you can only ban money.

If you exchange silver for copper coins now, and wait until the copper coins appreciate, and then buy back silver at a price of 800 wen and one tael, this is a 100% profit!

Simply doubling assets, is there a cooler way to make money?

-- It's a simple policy investment, but I don't know how much time the imperial court has left for me.

Xu Yuanzuo couldn't help but feel a little urgent in his heart, and at the same time wrote two words on the secret book: private money.

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