Article 859 Peace Conference, Currency, Trade XIV
"Now the invincible armored group of the Wehrmacht has broken through the lines of the Soviet Red Army and is advancing towards Smolensk, and in a month at most our army will be under the city of Moscow! The demise of the Soviet Union, the most evil red empire in the world, is just around the corner! Rathenau's tone was a little arrogant, he was guessing what Roosevelt and Churchill really wanted, and it was obvious that when Roosevelt and Churchill asked China and Germany to pay reparations for the Soviet Union, which was about to be divided by them, they should have thought that China and Germany would never agree, but this was indeed a bargaining chip, and it probably had some effect on the ongoing negotiations on world currency and international free trade rules.
"With regard to the question of reparations to the Soviet Union, the German government felt that there was no need to discuss it, because the Soviet Union would soon be out of existence." Rathenau decided not to make any concessions on this issue, so that Britain and the United States would have one less card to play.
"But the United States and the British Empire were obliged to accept Soviet refugees." Roosevelt smiled slyly, "Should we take on such an obligation in vain?" Everyone knows that duties and rights are reciprocal. ”
Chang Ruiqing nodded in his heart, Roosevelt and Churchill's negotiation skills and political skills were still very clever, the problem of resettlement of Soviet refugees was originally triggered by the Australian crisis, Britain and the United States first pulled China to resolve the Australian crisis by dispersing the resettlement of Soviet refugees, and now they are using the resettlement of Soviet refugees as an excuse to want Germany to admit that it has the obligation to bear the Soviet reparations, and then it may be necessary to give up the Soviet reparations in exchange for Germany to make concessions in terms of free trade and world currency.
"Duties and rights are indeed reciprocal. Anglo-American actions to help us arrange Soviet refugees should be reasonably rewarded. Chang Ruiqing chose to bypass the issue of reparations, and he considered the words: "There is no doubt that Britain and the United States have indeed done us a great favor." I think this issue should be considered in conjunction with the negotiations on trade. ”
Roosevelt gave Chang Ruiqing a kind smile when he heard this, but Rathenau remained unmoved: "Mr. Chancellor, Germany does not intend to make new concessions on free trade and the negotiation of the world monetary system. China has always supported free trade, but on the issue of investment liberalization, President Hitler believed that the economic lifeblood of Europe cannot be controlled by companies from other continents, and the fate of Europe must be in the hands of Europeans!
As for the world monetary system, Germany's attitude is also clear. That is, the issuance and distribution of the initial world currency should be determined by the combined calculation method of territory plus GNP, and the gross national product should be used as the basis for the issue of incremental issuance and distribution.
Other than that. The extent of each country's gross national product (GNP) could not be determined by each country itself, but needed independent, transparent and impartial statistics by the World Bank, which was established by each country. ”
After all, the world is dominated by the strong, Germany's strength in the war, and the economic and military power they possessed after ruling the continent. Although it was not enough for Germany to dominate the world. But Germany was the leader of the powers. Rathenau's tone now seemed to be less of a discussion with the leaders of China, the United States, and Britain, but more like a complaint of Germany's decision.
Moreover, it is understandable that Germany wants to prevent American companies from buying European companies (excluding the UK). Because Germany is probably the richest in Europe today, and controls Europe's energy supply, and the economies of the other capitalist countries in Europe will certainly have a period of depression after the war - they will not have millions of square kilometers of new territory to build. Therefore, without the entry of American capital, German capital would be able to acquire a large number of European companies at low prices, thus completely controlling the economy of the European continent.
Moreover, Chang Ruiqing also understood that the Germans wanted to use the Berlin Peace Conference to "establish" their position as world leaders and become the premier of the Great Chinese Federation, the third largest in the world in terms of comprehensive national strength. He didn't intend to compete with Hitler for this leadership, so he smiled and said, "Mr. Foreign Minister." My country has no problem with Germany's trade and investment policy and also supports some of the specific operational approaches to the world monetary system proposed by Germany. ”
Roosevelt frowned, he thought about it, but still shook his head and said, "Mr. Foreign Minister, are we still going to practice free trade and free investment?" If Germany can deny American capital access to the European market, can the United States adopt the same policy in the Americas? If Germany agrees with the United States, then we accept Germany's terms. ”
Churchill exhaled a puff of smoke: "The markets of our British Empire are completely open, and both investment and trade are welcome, so Mr. Roosevelt's Americas does not include Canada." ”
Roosevelt was slightly stunned, he did not expect Churchill to come forward to refute himself, he quickly corrected: "Mr. Churchill is right, if the United States and Latin America have the right to refuse European capital, then we will accept Germany's terms!" ”
It's almost a vegetable market here, Chang Ruiqing laughed secretly in his heart, the Americans want to keep the basic market of the United States and Latin America, the Germans want to control the European continent, the British don't dare to offend at both ends, and it's time for he, the Chinese leader, to come out and be a peacemaker. Thinking of this, he coughed lightly and said with a smile: "Mr. Roosevelt, Mr. Rathenaut, you see if this will work, we will separate the two issues of trade freedom and investment freedom, trade freedom can be implemented immediately, and investment freedom can be implemented after three years." During this period, European capital did not enter Latin America, while American capital did not enter the European continent, and the investment market of our Greater China Federation was mostly open, and only foreign investment in a few industries such as finance, automobiles, and agriculture was restricted. ”
The biggest difference between this life and the previous life is that in the previous life, the capitalist world was dominated by the United States, and the Soviet Union, the only great power that could confront the United States, was a socialist country, so the rules of the game in the capitalist world were all formulated by the United States alone. And this life is different, China, the United States and Germany are all very powerful, the gap in national strength is not far away, and no one can help anyone, so when formulating the rules of the game in the future world, they can only compromise with each other.
Chang Ruiqing believes that the compromise he proposed is clearly acceptable to both the United States and Germany. However, the United States' control over Latin America is far less than Germany's control over the European continent, and the so-called agreement that European capital cannot enter Latin America is very likely to end up being reduced to a dead letter.
"Premier Chang, you don't know anything about the situation in Europe and the United States. Europe and the United States are not your Greater East Asia, there are many independent countries there! Roosevelt's tone was a little cold: "We in the United States cannot reject European capital on behalf of Latin America, and similarly Germany has no right to reject American capital on behalf of the rest of Europe!" ”
Roosevelt's attitude was very resolute, Chang Ruiqing shrugged his shoulders and did not refute his words, but Rathenau still did not give an inch: "Mr. President, the German Empire is the protector of the European continent. Whether it is France, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, Sweden or other European countries, they will rally around the German Empire! And a united Europe is in the interests of all Europeans! ”
The meeting fell silent again, and the Germans were so tough. And Roosevelt refused to back down. Chang Ruiqing and Churchill glanced at each other, and the British Prime Minister held the cigar in his hand, looked at Roosevelt and Ratnau, and said: "The question of whether the investment markets in continental Europe and Latin America should be opened may have little to do with the British Empire and the Great Chinese Federation. Could it be negotiated by the United States and Germany alone? ”
"Mr. Roosevelt. Mr. Rathenau, I propose to set up a World Trade Organization (WTO) to coordinate the positions of countries on trade and investment, and to organize relevant negotiations. Chang Ruiqing said: "The differences between the United States and Germany on trade and investment can be resolved through negotiations within the framework of the World Trade Organization, and there is no need to discuss them at the Berlin Peace Conference, because the Berlin Peace Conference was held for a very short period of time and could only discuss some major principled things." ”
"It's a good idea, in the future, there will be the United Nations to manage conflicts and prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons, and the World Bank will issue world currency as a clearing tool for international trade. It would also be nice to have a World Trade Organization to regulate investment and trade. ”
Churchill nodded his fat head in support of Chang Ruiqing's suggestion, and Ratnau thought for a moment. I think it is very beneficial for Germany to bring the differences between the United States and Germany on investment to a WTO to negotiate slowly, after all, Germany's capital is not very abundant, and it is impossible to invest a lot in South America. He nodded and said: "Germany also supports the establishment of the WTO, and agrees to start negotiations with the United States under the framework of the WTO." ”
Three to one! The United States is now on the back foot again. Roosevelt knew that American companies had missed the perfect opportunity to enter the European market for a big buyout. Even if we can negotiate an investment liberalization with Germany in the future, it will be a few years away, when Europe will certainly be out of the post-war depression, and there will be no cabbage-priced assets waiting for American companies to buy. However, he also knows that the United States has no way to subdue Germany at present, especially when China and Britain do not support the United States, and if they blindly confront Germany, it is very likely that the Berlin peace talks will collapse, which will be even more unfavorable to the United States. Thinking of this, he nodded in agreement. In this way, the most difficult issues at the Berlin Peace Conference were basically agreed.
In the next 10 days of the meeting, there was no panic, and the major issues of principle had already been negotiated, and the remaining details were discussed by professionals in a rough manner, and after reaching a preliminary result, a few peace treaties were formally drafted and signed by the leaders of the participating countries. During this period, the Berlin Peace Conference seemed to have become a stage for the German Empire to display its outstanding feats, and every once in a while, we could hear from Hitler or Rathenau that the "invincible German Wehrmacht" had achieved unprecedented victories, annihilating a staggering number of Soviet Red Army, capturing hundreds of thousands of prisoners, destroying thousands of tanks and artillery pieces, and even news that German armored forces were fighting a decisive battle with Soviet tank units in the Orsha area. Killed the Chief of the General Staff of the Soviet Red Army, Marshal Tukhachevsky! No matter how it sounds, it sounds like Hitler is boasting.
However, the heads of state present at the meeting confirmed most of the good news provided by the Germans through their own intelligence systems. During this period of mid-to-early May, the Soviet-German battlefield, which had been in a stalemate for several years, finally reached the time to decide the winner. After dropping nuclear fission bombs on the Soviet troops on the north and south sides of Borisov for six consecutive days, the Soviet Red Army on the entire Belarusian plain fell into unprecedented fear and wavering, and the Soviet troops in the area around Borisov, the main direction of the German attack, were even more in a state of mental collapse. The German armored assault cluster was greeted by a rain of bullets and death-defying GC fighters, but a group of poor worms who had completely lost their fighting spirit, and the Soviet troops stationed in the fortified positions surrendered to the attacking German troops in a structured manner after a hasty resistance, and often as soon as the first German tank rushed through the anti-tank trenches of the Soviets and rushed into their trench area or ring fortifications, there would be a surrender of the entire trench or all the Soviet troops in the entire ring fortifications! Even GCD officers and political cadres did not hesitate to raise their hands and hand over their weapons. However, what awaits them is usually a beating to death, not from the evil German invaders, but those Soviet soldiers who also laid down their arms and surrendered, if it were not for the German soldiers who were confused by this scene to come to the rescue, I am afraid that most of the surrendered GCDs and political work cadres would not have reached the prisoner of war camp alive.
Tukhachevsky and Yegorov's carefully planned Orsha counterattack was also in vain, as they concentrated the huge forces of more than two dozen tank corps and eighteen army groups and were defeated by the invading German armored clusters on the plains of the Orsha region of Belarus. The tank battle between the two sides began in the early morning of May 9 and lasted until the afternoon of May 11, when the Soviet army dispatched more than 4,000 tank guns, including Su-76, Su-85 and the latest T-28/1936 tanks. Their opponents used the latest Panther and Gepard tank destroyers, as well as a large number of old Stalker tank destroyers and C-type tanks, totaling more than 5,000 units! In addition, the Luftwaffe flew 12,000 sorties of various warplanes to assist in the war during these three days. When the defeated Soviet troops withdrew from the battlefield under the cover of night on the afternoon of May 11, the great plains around Orsha were covered with the wreckage of tanks that were burning or had turned into a twisted mass of scrap metal, most of which were Soviet-made tanks! Among them was a T-28/1936 tank piloted by Tukhachevsky himself - the Marshal of the Red Army led the last assault on the Soviet tank units and left his life on the plains of Orsha! (To be continued......)