86_86695If you want to figure out the daily expenses of a tenant farmer in a feudal agrarian society, you don't need any advanced mathematical knowledge, as long as you have the ability to handle simple arithmetic to handle addition and subtraction within a hundred.

Zhao Er, a former tenant farmer in Zhaojiatan, lived in the 20 years of renting the land of the Songhua family, and the basic daily expenses were very simple. In general, there are only personal consumption, that is, daily food, drink, housing and transportation, and investment expenses, that is, the expenses of seeds, farm tools, and cattle rental needed for farming.

Under Wang Shuhui's detailed inquiry, it was learned that Zhao Er's living expenses mainly included grain, lard, salt, lamp oil (vegetable oil), and tea. The expenditure on production tools is the main content of Zhao Er's expenses. This part includes seeds, fertilizers, rented cattle, and farm tools (including plows, harrows, hoes, threshing buckets, baskets, legs, iris, dustpans, windmills, grain-drying utensils, nanpan, rice sieves, clippers, and other fifteen kinds).

Among them, the living expenses are mainly borne by Zhao Er. In terms of production tools, Zhao Er had to buy them in the market, or buy iron materials himself, and then spend money to hire a blacksmith to make them. In this case, he would have to go to Ma Songhua's butler to borrow a loan shark in order to buy something. In this way, the usury he owed nearly three hundred taels of silver in twenty years was accumulated.

And Zhao Er's annual income is only the income from farming and the income from working for the landlord's family in the nearby village to earn money during the winter farming.

After a simple addition and subtraction, Wang Shuhui was stunned to find that even if there were no unexpected situations, Zhao Er's annual expenses and income would not reach the break. Even in a good year, Zhao Er's income was four or five copper coins less than his expenditure. Again, it must be in:

There are no natural disasters such as floods, droughts, wind disasters, hail disasters, pests and diseases;

Zhao Er is in good health and does not have any illnesses that will delay his work;

itself has basic computing power (not deceived by the landlord);

If it doesn't rain heavily in winter, you can go out to work for a short time;

No breaks are taken throughout the year; Only when all these five conditions are met.

However, judging from the basic situation that Wang Shuhui learned, as early as the Jiajing era, in addition to the irregular natural disasters caused by the monsoon climate on the mainland, the land of China. Because the Xiaoice climate anomaly began to erupt, basically every year in China there will be a variety of new natural disasters on a large scale. In addition, because most Chinese do not have any basic education, let alone tenant farmers, that is, yeoman farmers and small landowners, they do not have basic computing ability.

In other words, the kind mentioned above, Zhao Er's best income and expenditure situation is basically unlikely. And Wang Shuhuitong's questioning of Zhao Er also confirmed his inference.

No matter how dull Zhao Er is, no matter how bad his brain is, he has the most intuitive feeling that his days are gradually getting worse. He clearly felt that the identities of most of the villagers in Zhaojiatan were changing according to a basic law, that is, small landlords became yeoman farmers, yeoman farmers became semi-tenant farmers, semi-tenant farmers became full tenant farmers, all tenant farmers became semi-tenant workers (short-term workers), semi-tenant workers became long-term workers, and long-term workers became domestic slaves.

According to Zhao Er, in the first three or five years before the working group came, it was not very easy to sign a deed and become a domestic slave. Because the large landlords became less and less as the process of land annexation became fewer, the house slaves they needed were also limited.

Zhao Er said that in the past few years, only those who have land at home can give their own land to the Ma family, and then they can become the domestic slaves of the Ma family. Ordinary tenant farmers and long-term laborers want to be domestic slaves but can't get them.

Wang Shuhui is very strange about this situation. In his view, even if they are tenant farmers and long-term laborers, legally speaking, tenant farmers and long-term laborers are independent individuals with personal freedom. How could there be a situation where everyone enthusiastically sold themselves into slavery?

It was Zhao Er's words that solved Wang Shuhui's confusion. According to him, to be a tenant farmer and a long-term laborer, you have to keep borrowing usury from the master's family. After becoming a domestic slave, the work is similar to that of a tenant farmer, but in terms of living expenses and production expenses, the master is responsible for all the expenses. Although he became a house slave, life and death were in the hands of the master's family. Even his wife and daughter may become the playthings of the master's family. However, the life of domestic slaves was always easier than that of tenant farmers and long-term laborers.

Especially in recent years, on the one hand, various floods and droughts have continued, and the year has become worse and worse. On the other hand, the tenant farmers, who had paid the seven-story rent, were also forced to bear various new taxes such as the Liao tax imposed by the imperial court, as well as local taxes and fees imposed by the yamen at all levels. Even the most terrible farmers have found that selling themselves into slavery may be worse than death, while farming their own fields is like living in a real hell on earth.

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It is just one of the many provinces in China, Huguang Province; It is only one of the many prefectures and counties in Huguang Province; It's just more than 30 base villages controlled by Wang Shuhui in Zhijiang County; It's just one of the more than 30 base villages controlled by Wang Shuhui, Zhaojiatan Village; Just one of the hundreds of villagers in Zhaojiatan Village, Zhao Er, a tenant farmer.

Just such a Zhao Er, Wang Shuhui had a simple conversation with him, using a simple addition and subtraction method within a hundred, and simply interrogating him according to the predetermined form, and the result obtained was realistic, and he easily tore through the mask of feudal China's etiquette, righteousness, honesty, shame, false benevolence, and righteousness, and smashed Wang Shuhui's fantasy of the prosperous era of the late Ming Dynasty of "Wanli Zhongxing".

Originally, Wang Shuhui also felt that no matter what, the situation in the Ming Dynasty was better than that in the Qing Dynasty. However, after such a simple field investigation of Zhao Er, Wang Shuhui found that there was invasion by foreign powers in the Qing Dynasty and foreign invasion in the Ming Dynasty. Although the external environment is different, however, the difference between the two is completely between the eldest brother and the second brother, between fifty steps and one hundred steps.

Wang Shuhui finally discovered that in the last days of feudalism, there was no difference between the situation of the common people in the Ming Dynasty and the situation of the common people in the Qing Dynasty.

Listening to Zhao Er, who got his own land because of the stationing of the working group and was able to eat enough for the first time because of the planting of new crops, he was full of praise for the working group and the revival association. Even Wang Shuhui, who thinks he is hard-hearted, is also proud of his work in the late Ming Dynasty. He deeply felt the righteousness and sanctity of the cause of the Revival.

Through Guò's investigation of Zhao Er, Wang Shuhui deeply realized what the old man Mao said, "These cadres, farmers, talents, prison officials, businessmen, and money and grain masters!" It's my dear sir! He deeply felt, "I must be respectful, diligent and adopt a comradely attitude when I am a student for them!" The correctness and inevitability of this view come.

Wang Shuhui looked at what was written on the cover of his notebook, "There is no enthusiasm!" There is no determination to look downward! There is no thirst for knowledge! I didn't put down the stinky shelf, and I was willing to be the spirit of a primary school student! It must not be done! It must not be done well. It must be understood: the masses are the real heroes! And we ourselves are often naïve and ridiculous! Don't understand this! You can't get the minimum knowledge. Seeing this passage, Wang Shuhui felt particularly embarrassed.

He had an incredibly absurd sense of what he had thought in the past, sitting in his office and giving lectures to his students, to lead and guide the revolution.

In fact, not only Wang Shuhui investigated guò, but also suffered a huge impact on his thinking. After sitting next to Wang Shuhui, listening to Wang Shuhui's translation, and explaining the income and expenditure situation when he was a tenant farmer in the past, Zhao Er was also greatly impacted ideologically. After figuring out his past income and expenses and settling the accounts with the help of a translator, he immediately had two ideas.

Zhao Er's first thought was that he still felt in his heart that the Ma family's housekeeper had died unjustly. Now it seems that even if you put the housekeeper of the Ma family in the oil pan and fry it, it is not wronged against him.

Zhao Er's second thought was that if there was no working group stationed in Zhaojiatan, he would be squeezed clean by the Ma family's housekeeper sooner or later. If you live on the land of the tenant horse family like that, it is a delusion to want to live a good life.

After thinking about these two questions, Zhao Er, who has been honest all his life and has always felt that he is already buried in the ground, actually had an urge to join the militia team immediately.

Wang Shuhui only took more than two hours to complete the investigation of Zhao Er. Before getting up to leave, Wang Shuhui took out a pack of cigarettes, a paper pack of refined salt (one catty), and a box of canned food (tinplate canned luncheon meat) and gave them to Zhao Er as compensation for his delay in Zhao Er's work at noon (all three products are products of the Fuxing Society). On the way back to the station with the interpreter comrade, Wang Shuhui felt a lot of emotion.

Back in the bedroom, Wang Shuhui lay on the bed, carefully sorting out the ideas for this research.

This simple investigation of Zhao Er allowed Wang Shuhui to have a close contact with the social status quo at the end of the Ming Dynasty for the first time. This kind of face-to-face, needle-tip close contact with Mai Mang made Wang Shuhui feel like he wanted to face the bayonet on the tip of his nose for the first time during military training in college, cold sweat flowed, and the sense of fear penetrated deep into the bone marrow.

In the past, Wang Shuhui used the numbers and historical materials summarized by his predecessors to understand the social situation in the late Ming Dynasty. Now, Wang Shuhui, who has conducted the investigation, has a sense of understanding of the combination of rational understanding and perceptual understanding, and has a clear insight into the entire society in the late Ming Dynasty.

Wang Shuhui's understanding of "faces" and "points" is a brand-new and truly realistic understanding.

Wang Shuhui deeply felt that it is really not easy to understand the world. He clearly understood, "The Chinese revolution requires investigation and research. First of all, it is necessary to understand what China is (China's past, present, and future). It is a pity that many comrades are often subjective, self-righteous, and do not attach importance to investigation and research work at all. ”

"Subjectivism, self-righteousness", isn't this the best portrayal of myself before I went down to investigate?

Investigation and research, seeking truth from facts. This is not only a process of correctly understanding external things, but also a process of knowing oneself. Whether it is to know the world or to know oneself, it is an uncomfortable and painful process. At dinner in the evening, the members of the examination team who had completed their respective investigation tasks were relatively silent.

Wang Shuhui is very happy about this phenomenon. Feeling uncomfortable, feeling uncomfortable, and being mentally impacted, this is the process by which people renew their understanding of the world and deepen their understanding of themselves. Obviously, no matter what aspect of work they are responsible for, the members of the investigation team have gained new gains and new understandings.

At the evening exchange meeting, the comrades of the military department stopped shouting and shouting to kill, and the comrades of the commercial department no longer picked and choose. In terms of their views on the members of the Zhaojiatan Working Group, everyone has also become objective and impartial. Tang Yafeng, who was originally most opposed to the working methods of the Zhaojiatan Working Group and said that Deng Daguang and Wenming were "soft bones," also believed that there was no problem with the methods of the Zhaojiatan Working Group.

After a one-day survey, the members of the investigation team learned about the lives of the villagers through a day of investigation, using standard tables and preset questions, and applying simple addition and subtraction methods, and came up with a unified understanding that "the life of the peasants is too hard".

This point is actually quite unexpected by Wang Shuhui. You must know that the members of these inspection teams themselves are all from poor backgrounds.

In fact, this is the difference between "point" and "surface". In the past, the members of these expedition teams always felt that their hard lives were caused by their own hardships and endless natural disasters. They think that it is their own bad life, a personal experience, and a recognition of the "point".

However, after learning the ideas of the Revival Society, he conducted an investigation into Zhaojiatan, which was thousands of miles away from his home and was in a completely different environment. They have developed a "face-to-face" understanding of China's rural areas. "Point" and "surface" are combined, theory and reality are combined. It makes their understanding of society and the knowledge they have learned more profound and comprehensive.

In this case, in order to let the members of the investigation team further understand the ideas of the Fuxing Association and further have a deep understanding of the "Unification of All Things" and "The Uniformity of All Ages", Wang Shuhui delivered a speech at the exchange meeting.

"At the revival meeting, I gave out two books, gave countless lectures, gave countless pre-dinner lectures, and gave countless lectures. The inevitability of contradictions, the universality of contradictions, and especially the core idea of the Renaissance Society, the viewpoint of class struggle, have been emphasized countless times. ”

"However, most of the members of the Revival Society, whether they are ordinary members or members of the Congress, whether they are from the military department, or they are from the agricultural department and the industrial department. After a few days of eating a full meal, after a few days of brisk days, I always have my words in my left ear and right ear. I always think, 'How can there be so many contradictions!' ''They are all villagers, how can there be such a harsh class struggle!'' 'Thoughts like that"

"Through the investigation, now everyone has an intuitive feeling. Ideologically, you do not want to admit the universality and inevitability of contradictions, and you do not want to accept the theory that class struggle is universal. Reality is going to tell you the truth! ”

"Now you have an understanding of reality, an understanding of the world. You feel pain, you feel uncomfortable, you feel a shock to your mind. But I will not comfort you. Because contradictions exist not only today, but also in the past two thousand years; Without our revival it will exist zài, and with our revival it will also save zài; Even after a few hundred years, we are all dead, and our revival will win the world, and it will still exist there! ”

"And I tell you that as long as there are contradictions, the class struggle will not disappear. The class struggle in the last two thousand years, in the present hundred years, in the next thousand years, it is certain, necessary, through guò all kinds of deformations, consistent, long-term existence! ”

"You may have to ask, how can the teacher know what will happen in a thousand years if he is not an immortal. I say to you, don't doubt me, I know, I must know! (Because of his excitement, Wang Shuhui revealed his identity as a traverser.) But everyone was very excited and didn't notice it)

"However, I also want to tell everyone that it doesn't matter if you feel uncomfortable and shocked. That's a good thing! I tell you that since we Chinese were born on Chinese soil thousands of years ago, we have been in this kind of discomfort and in this kind of impact, understanding the world little by little, and transforming the world. ”

"Without this discomfort, without this impact, there would be no rise and fall of feudal dynasties; Without this kind of discomfort and this kind of impact, there would be no progress of our ancestors from drinking blood to slash-and-burn farming, let alone the emergence of the current industrial undertakings of our revival society. ”

"The whole world is constantly being transformed and developed by human beings in order to solve this discomfort and solve this impact, in order to solve this discomfort and solve this impact, in the process of continuous efforts, continuous practice, and continuous summarization."

"As members of the Revival Society, we should take this kind of discomfort, this kind of shock, as a normal thing. This is because if we want to achieve our goals and build our cause, we must constantly understand the world, constantly transform our thinking, and constantly contend with all kinds of contradictions and the class struggle that will never disappear. Strive to develop the productive forces, strive to promote the development of society, take the initiative to face class contradictions, actively intervene in class contradictions, and finally realize the great ideal of eliminating classes and establishing a harmonious society! ”

"Comrades, I believe in you! I believe that our cause is just and sacred! ”

"As long as we adhere to the idea of seeking truth from facts, adhere to the "Unification of All Things" and "The Unity of All Ages", and adhere to the program and ideology of our Revival Society, we will certainly be able to achieve success and ultimate victory in our cause!"

"Comrades, I have told you in the past that in the future, the environment we will face will be more difficult, and the problems we encounter will be more severe, not only the Ming Dynasty will oppose us, but also the rebels, the barbarian invaders, all the feudal rulers, all the local tyrants, inferior gentry, landlords, rich peasants, and all those with vested interests will oppose us, they will all want to destroy us, and they will all use a kind of vicious means to kill us."

"But, comrades! We are not afraid! We won't be scared at all! Because we will be on the side of the poor brothers and sisters of the whole world, all the exploited and oppressed brothers and sisters! All the poor brothers and sisters in the world will support us! Approve of us! Join us! ”

"Compared with the poor brothers and sisters in the world, the rebels, the invading barbarians, and the vested interests of the Qiē are incomparably small, incomparably weak! As long as we always adhere to the ideas and ideas of the Revival Society, then all the reactionaries are paper tigers! As soon as we blow lightly, they will fall, they will be finished! ”

"Comrades! We must always seek benefits and happiness for the poor people of the world! ”

"All the oppressed people of the world, unite!!"

(Wang Shuhui's speech was later called the precursor of the revival revolution and the clarion call for the revival of the revolution.) It is a programmatic essay of the Revival Society in the revival revolution. ）

Outside Wang Shuhui's bedroom, Deng Daguang and Zhao Henian were waiting for Wang Shuhui's reception at the door. Hearing the shouts and responses in the dormitory, Deng Daguang clenched his fists and couldn't wait to run into the house immediately, shouting slogans with his comrades and responding to the shouts of his master.

Zhao Henian listened to the cry of "unite the oppressed people in the whole world", and his mind went blank. He felt his hands and feet become cold for a moment. A cold air, all the way up from the soles of his feet, froze his chest. He unconsciously pressed his hand to his chest, and there was darkness in front of him, and he sat on the ground.

"This is an irresistible force!" This was Zhao Henian's last consciousness before falling into a coma