Chapter 399 World Naval Arms Race

[Today's big change chapter, make up for the recent debt

By the summer of the thirteenth year of Shenwu, the Suez Canal Company of the Chinese Empire had been successfully operating for more than five years.

This canal, which divides the Asian and African continents and connects the Eurasian continent, has generated 200 million silver dollars of direct revenue for the Chinese Empire in the past five years, as well as an indirect economic value of more than a billion silver dollars, and has become one of the main sources of revenue for the central government of the Chinese Empire.

From the date of its opening, to its completion and opening to navigation, to its operation and income generation, this canal has all involved the nerves of Asian, African and European countries.

Since the opening of navigation, the routes of European countries to Asia have been changed, and Eurasian merchant ships have changed to the Suez Canal, abandoning the route around the Cape of Good Hope in Africa.

The shortening of the Eurasian sea route and the shortening of the trade cycle contributed to a surge in the share of Eurasian trade, more than 20 times that of the pre-canal period.

However, the trade barriers and tariff protections pursued by the Chinese Empire led the Suez Canal Company to impose 100 percent tolls on foreign merchant ships, and to impose restrictions on the time and frequency of trade between European merchant ships bound for Asia.

In order to protect the development of national industry and commerce, the Chinese Empire pursued trade barriers in the field of foreign trade, set up customs in the Suez Canal, and imposed high tariffs on European merchant ships heading to Asia, which were called tolls. The tariff protection policy imposed high tariffs or limited quantities of luxury goods imported from Europe by Chinese merchant ships, preventing the imperial citizens from washing up the atmosphere of luxury and following the old path of the Spanish Empire. And in this way, we can protect the development of national industrial and commercial enterprises.

The Chinese Empire's trade policies displeased other countries, but the Chinese Empire's strong ships and guns deterred it to carry out this power trade smoothly.

After the independence of the Dutch United Provinces in Europe, trade was the lifeblood of the Dutch. Previously, Eurasian trade had been the source of the Dutch's sudden wealth, but with the rise of the Chinese Empire, the Dutch had taken a share of maritime trade.

By the summer of the thirteenth year of Shenwu, the Dutch share of Eurasian trade had fallen to less than 10 percent, and the profit from trade had dropped from 6 billion guilders (about 600 million silver dollars) 20 years ago to less than 200 million guilders. The huge expenditure of the Dutch in the Thirty Years' War in Europe forced the Dutch government to attach great importance to maritime trade, and accelerated the trade dispute with the Chinese Empire.

After the Dutch Navy completely annihilated the Spanish Armada, the Dutch Navy, which was unknown by its origin, ascended to the status of the first naval power in Europe. As the trade dispute between the Netherlands and the Chinese Empire intensified, the Dutch government finally decided to engage in a large-scale naval arms race with the Chinese Empire.

Although the Dutch Navy decided to engage in an arms race with the Royal Navy of the Chinese Empire, the Dutch Parliament never dared to openly turn against the Chinese Empire, and at the same time did not dare to provoke other naval powers in Europe. In addition, Britain and France are allies of the Chinese Empire, once the Chinese Empire is stimulated, then the life of the Dutch Republic will definitely be difficult, because the geographical location of the Netherlands determines that the Netherlands will not dare to offend Britain and France at the same time. Offend France, the Netherlands has no good life on land, offend Britain, the Netherlands has a hard time at sea.

A small Netherlands, no matter how strong its navy is, will not have enough confidence because the land area is too small.

For these reasons, the Dutch parliament has not allocated large-scale funds to the Dutch Admiralty, the construction of new warships has been intermittent, and the arms race has not actually begun.

But since the Dutch Navy participated in the Royal Navy's International Observation Ceremony held by the Chinese Empire, the Dutch Navy has seen the strength of the Royal Navy of the Chinese Empire, and since then, the Dutch Navy has felt an imminent threat.

When it was learned that the first batch of ten first-class battleships of the Chinese Empire would be commissioned in the winter of the thirteenth year of Shenwu, and the second batch of ten first-class battleships of the Douzi would be commissioned in the seventeenth year of Shenwu, the Dutch Navy suddenly became nervous.

At this time, the first-class battleships of the Dutch Navy only had a few luxury warships belonging to the royal family, and they only had an illusion in appearance and had no actual combat capability.

The Chinese Empire has always regarded the Pacific Ocean as their backyard, and Southeast Asia has long been regarded as the property of the Chinese Empire, but the Dutch East Indies are still under the control of the Dutch East India Company, like a nail under the nose of the Chinese Empire.

In the eyes of the Dutch, the Chinese Empire has always liked to nail other countries, so the Dutch will sooner or later pull out this nail by the Chinese Empire.

Previously, due to the First World War, the Chinese Empire took into account the situation in the European battlefield, and in order to ensure the victory of the two allies of Britain and France against the Spanish Empire, under the protection of Britain and France, the Chinese Empire did not move the Netherlands.

However, with the end of World War I, the restoration of calm in Europe, and the rise of contradictions between the Chinese Empire and the Netherlands, this sense of crisis was suddenly perceived by the keen Dutch Speaker.

Therefore, from the eleventh year of Shenwu, the Dutch parliament approved a huge allocation for the navy to build a powerful fleet that could compete with the "invincible armada" that would emerge in the next few years of the Chinese Empire.

The Netherlands has strong shipbuilding facilities and advanced shipbuilding technology, and the former "sea coachman" is not in vain. In the three Anglo-Dutch wars in history, the British Navy did not take advantage of the Dutch Navy, proving that the Dutch Navy was not a soft persimmon.

The wheel of history has been changed, and the butterfly effect brought by Deng Haonan has changed the history of Europe and influenced the course of the history of the Dutch Navy. The large fleet of the Dutch Navy was supposed to appear more than ten years later, but at this time, it was born ahead of schedule due to the stimulation of the Royal Navy of the Chinese Empire.

In the last month of the 11th year of Shenwu, the Dutch Parliament passed the Naval Law, allocating 200 million guilders to the Dutch Navy to build a Dutch fleet of 20 first-class battleships over the next five years to counter the challenge of the Royal Navy of the Chinese Empire.

The Dutch Navy imitated the warship classification standard of the Imperial Chinese Navy, and was the first in Europe to adopt the warship classification and use the "class" standard to design and build warships.

The "Republic" class sail battleships of the 1st class came into being, which were armed with 100 guns and had a standard displacement of 1680 tons.

Dimensions: length 71 m (full length, including bow mast), width 17.3 m, draft: 5-6 m

Mast: Main mast 60.5 meters

Speed: 9 knots cruising speed, 11 knots maximum.

Armament: 100 guns. 10 60-pounder guns, 20 30-pounder guns, 30 18-pounder guns, 40 9-pounder guns

Crew: about 752 people

The construction specifications of the Republic-class battleships were very high, and because the Dutch liked to carve, the cost of the Republic-class battleships on the hull carving exceeded the construction cost of the battleship itself, which invisibly affected the long-term development of the Dutch Navy.

Of course, this situation is common throughout Europe. The cost of building the ships of the Europeans was very low, but the cost of carving and decoration was basically more than twice the cost of construction, such as Charles I's Sovereignty of the Sea, which cost eleven times more than the cost of the hull. On the other hand, the warships used by the Imperial Chinese Navy were rarely carved, and except for the Emperor's Imperial Patrol Ships, which were luxuriously decorated, the other warships were very simple.

The passage of the new Dutch naval bill immediately aroused the concerns of Europe's major naval powers in Europe.

The European countries all know the strength of the Royal Navy of the Chinese Empire, and they also understand that they will face a maritime threat from the east in the future, but they are no better than the Netherlands, they do not have the money to do with the Netherlands, and they have just experienced a world war and lack of funds, so they do not want to be involved in this naval arms race.

However, they were afraid of the maritime threat of the Chinese Empire, but even more afraid of the Dutch maritime threat. After all, the Dutch Navy was on the doorstep, while the Chinese Empire was in the Far East. Instead of worrying about the tigers in the mountains day and night, it is better to think about the wolves at their doorstep, the Dutch navy is their urgent threat.

The expansion of the Dutch Navy first stimulated the British and French navies. The British Navy had always had friction with the Dutch Navy in the English Channel, and after learning of the Dutch Navy expansion plan, the British Navy could not sit still and immediately proposed funds to Charles I to deal with the Dutch naval threat.

Charles I was embarrassed that he had embezzled the navy several times during the civil war, but the navy had always been unwavering in its support for him. As king, Charles I knew that England, as an island nation, had a very poor army, and relied on the navy to protect the country, so he agreed in principle to the construction of the Admiralty.

However, Charles I really had no money. He owes a lot of debts, and he is powerless to help the navy.

In the summer of the 13th year of Shenwu, after the Dutch Navy's first Republic-class battleship, the Republic, was launched for sea trials, the major shipyards began to build the remaining 19 battleships, which made the Dutch Navy's expansion plan surface and made it public in front of all countries in the world.

The British Admiralty was anxious and mentioned it to Charles I many times, which made Charles I also have a sense of crisis.

When he had no money, Charles I thought of borrowing, as if he had become addicted to gambling. Ever since the Chinese Empire financially supported Charles I in the civil war, he could not quit this addiction, so he borrowed money from the Chinese Empire again.

The Chinese Empire's loans to Britain had a very high strategic purpose, and it was necessary to take into account the ability of British finances to repay. At this time, due to the civil war, the British treasury was only about 10 million pounds, equivalent to about 40 million silver dollars, but the annual principal and interest to be repaid were as high as 30 million silver dollars.

Based on this situation, the attitude of the Chinese Imperial Government was very cautious, for fear that Britain would not be able to pay back. However, Charles I fell ill and went to the hospital in a hurry, and even wanted to exchange the permanent use of the Isle of Wight for an emergency loan of 50 million silver dollars.

The so-called permanent right of use is equivalent to ceding to the Chinese Empire, but Charles I wants to save face and still has divine sovereignty over the Isle of Wight, but the right to use has been completely handed over to the Chinese Imperial Government.

Of course, in a private society like the UK, land use rights belong to individuals and have no time limit. Charles I believed that Britain and the Chinese Empire were allies, and there was no conflict of core interests, and this alliance would last for a long time, which made Charles I dare to promise the benefits of the Chinese Empire so boldly.

The permanent use of the Isle of Wight was a thrill to the Imperial Chinese Government, opposite the Isle of Wight was Portsmouth, Britain's largest naval base, and the movements of the Royal Navy's main fleet were completely under the control of the Chinese Empire.

However, the Chinese empire was also aware of another problem. Charles I did this not without his strategic purpose. In Charles I's view, there was no core conflict of interest between China and the UK, and the interests of the Isle of Wight actually strengthened the Sino-British alliance. Charles I's deep strategic purpose, by any turn, was to tie the Chinese Empire to the British chariot.

Of course, this exchange of interests is in line with the current interests of the Chinese Empire. As an island country isolated outside the European continent, it is very appropriate for Britain to play the role of the 'little brother' of the Chinese empire in Europe. Let Britain be the thug of the Chinese Empire in Europe, and this plan was immediately approved by the Emperor of the Chinese Empire.

In the summer of the thirteenth year of Shenwu, the Emperor of the Chinese Empire, Shenwu the Great, signed a special bill, the "Chinese Empire and the British Security Act". The bill, similar to the security laws of the United States and Taiwan, was intended to strengthen the Chinese empire's security commitment to the United Kingdom. The bill was unilateral, and the Chinese Empire provided military support to Britain similar to a "nuclear umbrella" to strengthen the alliance.

Fostering a ferocious little brother has become the current policy of the Chinese Empire towards Europe.

With the approval of Charles I, the Imperial European Bank of China immediately provided a loan of 50 million silver dollars to the British government. The loan was paid to the UK in three installments for the construction of the Royal Navy.

Immediately after the first loan of 20 million was received, the Royal Navy launched a large-scale naval expansion operation. Since Britain has the relevant technology to build the battleship Sovereign at Sea, there is no need to design a new battleship from scratch, and it will be built directly according to the drawings of the Sovereign at Sea, and the Sovereign class will be classified.

However, the short-barreled copper cannon used by the British Navy seemed to be inferior in performance to the medium-sized Westminster naval guns of the Dutch Navy, so the British Navy used a loan to order the Type 30 naval gun from the Imperial Chinese Naval Arsenal to equip the Sovereign-class battleships. The British Navy did not use the naval guns of the Chinese Empire, but they knew that the Imperial Chinese Navy had fought naval battles with the Dutch Navy, and this improved naval gun would not be worse than the naval guns of the Dutch Navy.

Whatever the British thought, the Chinese Empire was more than happy about it. Exporting naval guns to the British Navy not only makes money, but also Chinese weapons need to be equipped with Chinese-style ammunition, which is not something that can be mass-produced in the UK, so it can also export ammunition on a large scale in the future. If war breaks out between the British Navy and other countries, it can make a lot of money just by exporting ammunition and weapons.

Similarly, the British Royal Navy pursued the Imperial Chinese Royal Navy form, enacting the same naval laws and shipbuilding standards. Among them, the British Royal Navy uniforms uniformly wear Chinese-style naval uniforms and combat uniforms, and are proud to wear Chinese-style pistols and command knives. In the design of the military emblem and epaulettes, except for a rice logo, there is no difference between the rest and the Chinese Imperial Navy logo.

The British Royal Navy copied the Royal Navy of the Chinese Empire in form, and began to move closer to the Chinese Empire in terms of operational thinking. In order to strengthen the pro-China pro-China military officers of the Chinese Empire, the Emperor of the Chinese Empire specially approved the opening of the Royal Military Academy of the Chinese Empire to the United Kingdom, allowing British officers and students on active duty to study and study in the Chinese military academy, so as to create a group of pro-China officers.

This, of course, was the long-term strategic goal of the Chinese Empire. The purpose of the current support for the British Navy is very clear, that is, to target the Dutch Navy.

No one knew that the purpose of the Chinese Empire's support for Britain to build a navy was aimed at the Dutch navy, and at that time, only the Shenwu Emperor Deng Haonan knew it in his heart, he seemed to see the scene of the imminent outbreak of the Anglo-Dutch war, and he seemed to be more happy to be the messenger of fate between Britain and the Netherlands, and the fun of directing a real war was the most exciting for Deng Haonan.

As the victor of World War I, as a member of the Central Powers, France was also not far behind. However, France received territories and reparations from the Holy Roman Empire in World War I, and was not as financially poor as England, so it did not need to borrow money to prepare a navy.

After the death of King Louis XIII of France, Emperor Louis XIV of France was too young to exercise royal power except for studying at the Confucius Institute. And Queen Anna of France, although regent, was only nominal. The real power of France is in the hands of Prime Minister Richelieu and Cardinal Marcharin.

During the First World War, the French government saw the extinction of the Holy Roman Empire, the decline of the Spanish Empire, the wealth of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, and the upsurge of the division of overseas colonies.

The Chinese Empire was the biggest beneficiary of World War I, as it seized the richest colonies of Mexico and Peru from the Spanish Empire. In Richelieu's view, these two colonies have made the Spanish Empire strong for a hundred years, and they will also make the Chinese Empire strong. The Chinese Empire was already very strong, and after acquiring these two colonies, it would not be long before it would become a unique superpower in the world.

The expansion of France's territory, and the replacement of Spain as the strongest army in Europe, caused the ambition and jealousy of the French government to swell dramatically.

However, Richelieu understood the disparity in strength between France and the Chinese Empire, and it was useless to be jealous of the Chinese Empire, so it was better to target the Netherlands and Spain around him. The Dutch Army was weak, but it was rich. The Spanish Empire declined, but the emaciated camel was bigger than the horse, and its overseas colonies were still numerous.

Thus, in Richelieu's mind, the invasion of the Netherlands and the seizure of Spanish overseas colonies became France's future strategic goals. However, the idea of invading the Netherlands by land and snatching the Spanish colonies by sea was directly rejected by Cardinal Marsalin. Massarin's reason was simple, the Netherlands was a subject country of Spain, and although it was independent, Spain did not have the heart to die. If France had hastily invaded the Netherlands, Spain would have entered the war, and then war would have resumed in Europe, which had just calmed down. The Catholics had already lost their strength in the First World War, and Macharin did not want to see another Franco-Spanish war that would weaken the Catholic Church again.

Macharin was in power, Richelieu could not convince him, and the cabinet could not approve the bill. As a result, the conflict between Richelieu and Massarin intensified, and a scene of political struggle was staged, and the fight was inextricable.

As the Dutch navy expanded openly, the British navy followed suit and expanded the navy, which worried the French government. Marthaline and Richelieu are fighting, but in the face of national interests, they will still sit down and cooperate.

Thus, after the expansion of the British and Dutch navies, the French Cabinet allocated 20 million francs for the first tranche of naval expansion, to compete with the British and Dutch navies.

Since both the Netherlands and the United Kingdom adopted the standards of the Royal Chinese Navy, the French Navy followed the trend and adopted the Chinese standards, classifying the French battleships of the first class to the Admiral Shire.

The Admiral-class battleship of the Charles class openly claims to be a strengthened version of the battleship Dingyuan, but in reality there is a considerable difference. France did not obey the Chinese Empire as the British. The British monarchy was a replica of the Sea Sovereign, and the technology had been mastered by the Chinese Empire with the Zhenyuan. Britain's refusal to keep the Chinese Empire a secret shows Britain's determination to trust the Chinese Empire and strengthen its alliances. France did not want to become the 'little brother' of the Chinese Empire, considering that the Chinese Empire had mastered the technology and parameters of the Dingyuan, which would affect the security of the French Navy, so the French Navy did not design the Admiral Charles according to the Dingyuan, but made considerable changes.

The standard displacement of the Admiral-class battleships is 1,800 tons, which is on par with the Tianqiong-class battleships of the Chinese Empire, and is equipped with 106 guns, surpassing the 102 guns of the British Sovereign-class.

Dimensions: length 76 m (full length, including bow mast), width 16.5 m, draft: 7 m

Mast: Main mast 62.5 meters

Speed: 11 knots

Armament: 106 guns. 12 60-pounder guns, 20 30-pounder guns, 34 18-pounder guns, 40 9-pounder guns

Crew: about 902 people

France's advanced iron-smelting technology did not reach the steelmaking level of the Chinese Empire, but it did not affect the power of naval artillery.

The French ships are more powerful than the British and Dutch warships, and the speed is not bad, and with the powerful firepower of 106 guns, the French Admiral Charles class battleships will be on the throne of the strongest battleships in Europe.

However, the French battleships were first-class, but the disadvantage was that the construction period was too long. The construction cycle of the British monarch-class battleships is about three years, the construction cycle of the Republic class in the Netherlands is two years and seven months, and the construction cycle of the Tianqiong-class battleships of the Chinese Empire is about three years, but the cycle of the French Admiral Charles class battleships is more than five years, and the French Navy started late, and the number of shipyards is far less than that of other countries, which makes the French Navy grow slowly, and although the quality of the warships is high, the total number is scarce. By the time the large British and Dutch fleets were built, it would be nice if the number of large fleets of the French Navy would be able to reach a third of them.

The arms race between the three major naval powers on the Atlantic coast is also affecting other European countries. Their nearest was the Spanish Empire, although it had been defeated in World War I, and was reduced to a second-rate state. However, the Spanish Empire did not give up the glory of the empire, and still squeezed out funds to rebuild the navy, but Spain was financially poor and could not build a powerful fleet like Britain, France and the Netherlands, but it was still possible to build a fleet composed of second- and third-class battleships to counter the threat of the Mediterranean Fleet of the Royal Navy of the Chinese Empire.

In the Mediterranean, the Ottoman Turkish Empire also faced the threat of the Mediterranean Fleet of the Royal Navy of the Chinese Empire, as the traditional hegemon of the Eastern Mediterranean, the Turkish Empire was unwilling to let the Chinese Empire take his place, so it allocated funds for the formation of a Turkish Mediterranean Fleet consisting of twenty second-class battleships for the Mediterranean Fleet of the Chinese Empire.

In the Nordic Baltic Sea, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and the Russian Empire are not as powerful as other European countries, but they have also joined the naval arms race to build a powerful fleet in the Baltic region. Among them, the Swedish, Norwegian and Danish navies were designed to protect against the military expansion of the Russian Empire in the Baltic Sea.

The Russian Empire was too poor in national strength, and the war with Turkey was very costly, and the war was endless. Therefore, the naval construction of the Russian Empire in the Baltic Sea is very weak, less than half the size of the Swedish Navy, and if it were not for the fact that Russia is a member of the Central Powers, other Nordic countries would have taken action against the Russian Empire.

After the start of this global naval arms race, politicians and military experts around the world seem to feel that a large-scale war is about to break out. But they don't think that World War II will happen, because at present, four of the major powers in the world are Allied powers, and this Allied bloc is so powerful that no country dares to challenge it.

However, this worldwide naval arms race cannot be carried out endlessly, and sooner or later war will break out to end the race, which has caused military experts around the world to fall into many conjectures.

Where would the fuse be the war? Camosifer, a retired vice admiral of the Spanish Navy, believes that the war will start in a colony, because colonial wars are now the mainstream state of war in the world, countries are opening up colonies, the Spanish Empire is declining, and the great powers will divide up the overseas colonies of the Spanish Empire. He predicted that it would erupt on the Atlantic coast of North America, because sooner or later the Atlantic Fleet of the Imperial Chinese Navy would be formed, and when the colonies of Britain, France, and the Netherlands in North America would be threatened, and a naval battle would decide the fate of the four countries. Camosifer speculated that the first victim would be the Netherlands, because China, Britain and France were allies, and they would divide the Dutch colonies first, and then fight in the nest.

Camosifer's speculation has been supported by military experts in many countries, but it is undeniable that as a retired Spanish officer, the real purpose behind Carmosifer is to instigate domestic strife in the Allies, and revenge against the Chinese Empire is his mainstream idea.

The British military strategist, the Second Marquis of Salisbury, immediately came out to refute it, and the British Times praised the alliance between the Chinese Empire and Britain, believing that China and Britain had no direct conflict of core interests and would not break out into war. He believed that the Spanish Empire was in decline and no longer able to control the overseas colonies, and that the naval powers building naval fleets were indeed fighting for colonies, but the goal of partition was definitely Spain's colonies. Spain's colonies remained vast, so there would be no direct conflicts of interest within the Allies over the next decade.

Charlie Brett (Montesquieu's father), a well-known military enthusiast in France, agreed with Salisbury that the world's naval arms race would eventually lead to the next war, but not necessarily the Second World War. Because in addition to the vast colonies in the Americas, there are large areas of colonies in Africa waiting to be occupied, and there are many unknown lands waiting to be discovered. He believed that the Allies, as the world's largest military bloc, would properly resolve the issue of dividing up the colonies.

Brett believed that World War II would inevitably break out in the Indian subcontinent or Transcaucasia. Because of the religious chaos on the Indian subcontinent and the unequal distribution of territory among many small countries, there is a high possibility of war. When the war reaches a certain point, the great powers behind them will intervene, which will lead to wars between the great powers. According to Brett, the struggle for Transcaucasia is inevitable in the Russian-Turkish war. The Allied bloc would have been dragged into the maelstrom of World War II by the Russian Empire, because the Allies had different religious beliefs from the Turkish Empire, and when the Second Crusade came, World War II broke out.

Brett was a devout Catholic, and as a military enthusiast, he always encouraged the French government to go on another crusade on behalf of the Catholic nation. And this guy, who fears that the world will not be chaotic, hopes to drag the Chinese Empire into the war of religion as well, and then spread Catholicism in the East.

The most heated and gossipy was in the Chinese Empire.

The Chinese Empire pursued the most enlightened policy of freedom of speech in the world, and the empire prospered, and the material life of its citizens was greatly satisfied, so the requirements for spiritual life became higher and higher.

At home, at the dinner table, and before going to bed, the old ** children like to talk about it and make some gossip to have fun.

Outside of work, colleagues like to find common topics to bond with. In the public arena, it used to be the most popular topic of competition among literati and talented dancers, but now there are a number of various thinkers who debate it.

This was impossible in the previous dynasty, and not talking about state affairs was a taboo that had lasted for thousands of years since the Spring and Autumn Period, and the thinker did not dare to run out to vent his thoughts. Now that the empire is open-minded, these thinkers dare to come out and advocate their ideas.

The military thinkers of the empire had a deeper view of the global situation, thanks to the breadth and profundity of Chinese culture and its inheritance over thousands of years, and many of their analyses were more or less close to the ideas of the imperial government's top brass, and also became a source of information for other countries to judge the attitude of the Chinese empire.

However, the imperial government has always turned a blind eye to various analyses of public opinion within the empire. If a reporter asked, at most the spokesman would come out and shout 'The Chinese Empire wants global peace' and so on, without any intelligence content.

There are also many military strategists who have expressed their opinions, but they all have political goals behind them. Some of them clearly guessed the flashpoint of the next war, but because of the government, they opened their eyes and said nonsense, deliberately misleading the people.

In short, when and where the next war will break out, no one can really predict. Although the leaders of various countries have a mirror in their minds, they want to delay the outbreak of war, some want to hasten the outbreak of war, and some do not care about themselves. A