Chapter 398: Universal Compulsory Education

Although Zhu Youxiao does not need to deal with those government affairs in detail, and even many government affairs do not need to be approved, the following departments can handle them in accordance with policies and principles. But Zhu Youxiao can't ignore everything, so that the officials below will think that the emperor is so foolish, and no matter how good the system is, it will be messed up.

Therefore, it is very necessary to send some personnel to inspect the localities from time to time and to inquire about the work of various departments from time to time, and these acts are nothing more than to maintain the normal operation of the system.

But compared to the past when everything had to be red, it's much easier.

Time gradually passed another year, and the eleventh year of the apocalypse, full of hope, gradually came, and the financial tax revenue of the imperial court increased all the way to the scale of 700 million yuan.

The commercial tax and agricultural tax of the provinces in the new deal area have been collected, and at the same time, the customs import and export tariff revenue has also increased rapidly, and the dividends paid by major enterprises have increased.

For the new year, the people in all parts of the country are generally full of hope, not like a pool of stagnant water and hopeless as in the past.

In the tenth year of the Apocalypse, the imperial court completed the construction of water conservancy projects on a large scale, and the water conservancy facilities projects in various provinces were completed one after another, the flood problems in various river basins were alleviated, and at the same time, the area of agricultural irrigation was also greatly improved, and the ability to resist disasters was greatly increased.

In terms of road construction, the highway system of the northern provinces has been formed, and the provincial highways have been built along the whole line, while the state and county roads, state and county roads are being built everywhere.

Although the construction of the railroad has already begun, the road is still useful, and the efficiency of the horse-drawn carriage is acceptable.

Even in the Second World War. Many countries are still using ox carts and horse-drawn carts to transport war materials to the front line.

It's just that after the large-scale construction of the railway. Roads won't be so profitable. However, the construction of the railway was not achieved overnight. It will also take several years to build the main railway line.

The General Administration of Highway Construction may face a certain loss in the future, but the imperial court must also buy such a loss.

The construction of public facilities in cities and towns in the provinces of the New Deal has also been completed, and the construction of city walls has basically been stopped.

Many towns are expanding in size due to the influx of people, and the city walls have not kept up with the times.

In addition, now that the threat of alien races in the north has been greatly eliminated, only one Mongolia, whose economy has been kidnapped by the commodity economy of the Ming Dynasty, is not likely to be invaded from outside. And on the inside. After the reform, the imperial court's control over the local area was greatly enhanced.

With the establishment of the township government, the construction of telegraphs and roads, and the construction of railways, the control will be further strengthened. In addition, if there is any natural disaster, there is relief and relief from the imperial court, and there will be no turmoil in the local area under normal circumstances.

At the same time, the armed forces of local governments have also been greatly strengthened, with an armed police force in each prefecture and county, and a garrison brigade in each province, and troops can be drawn from military regions at any time. At this time, in the northern provinces, there was no soil for the survival of thieves.

As soon as the thieves appear, they will be exterminated by the government. At the same time, the thieves had no place to coax the hungry. Today, there are no large-scale hungry people.

Even the bandits and bandits were all after the imperial court strengthened local control and local armed forces. Lost the soil for survival.

The internal and external troubles gradually subsided, war was unlikely, and most of the city walls had been turned into decorations. However, these walls were not demolished in large numbers, but some of the walls of some cities were demolished to hinder the planning. Most of the walls have been preserved as 'relics'.

The land outside the city gates is included in the city plan, and most of this land is in the hands of state-owned real estate companies.

When planning urban construction, these state-owned real estate companies participate in it openly, after all, they are state-owned enterprises, not privately owned, and they cannot collude with officials and businessmen, which is absolutely justifiable.

The construction of urban public facilities has greatly improved people's livelihood, which not only provides jobs, but also provides facilities that the people can enjoy.

The people's livelihood is still very good under various policies, especially the price of real estate is not inflated.

In this year, although the Ming Dynasty adopted the model of industrial zones in later generations, a large number of industrial zones were not established, and local governments did not have to spend a lot of money on the development of industrial zones, and then they did not have to count on the sale of commercial land to return to their capital.

In cities where industrial zones have been established, because the industry itself is very profitable, the local government does not have to worry about losing money, but does not need to sell commercial land to recoup the cost. Another problem is that the land of the Ming Dynasty was privatized, so the operation mode was different from that of later generations.

In addition, the imperial court did not have much restrictions on the construction of private houses, and ordinary people did not need to be house slaves for decades to buy houses.

Nowadays, the price of ordinary real estate is maintained at the level of a worker's five-year income, and the facilities are relatively complete. If it is a private house, then the price is even lower.

In the northern provinces under the reform, the people can achieve food and clothing, and they can own houses through mortgages, which can be regarded as living and working in peace and contentment.

Although life may not be as chic as those of the rich, most people are already very satisfied with what kind of situation they have.

If you have a family, you can start a family, and if you have an income, you can support the family.

The industrial development of the Apocalypse Decade is obviously very significant, steel production has exceeded 3 million tons, but the price has remained stable, not following the rise in the price of agricultural products. After the income of ordinary people increased, although the price of agricultural products also increased, the overall consumption power of food was greatly increased, and the consumption capacity of those industrial products was greatly improved.

The number of factories also increased greatly in the tenth year of the apocalypse, and the total number of high-pressure steam engines rose to more than 8,000, including many large steam engines.

In the entire northern provinces of the New Deal, after some reforms, the needy groups have been relieved, the income of ordinary people has been increased, and the problem of food and clothing has been basically solved.

In terms of the financial budget for the 11th year of the Apocalypse, the military budget was raised for the first time in a few years, from more than 40 million yuan to 80 million yuan.

The main thing is to improve the treatment of military personnel, with the increase in the issuance of banknotes in recent years. The purchasing power of the Apocalypse Treasure has gradually declined. Although it is only a relatively slow depreciation. However, the treatment of military personnel in the past was a bit unable to keep up, so the treatment of military personnel was improved.

At the same time, the military expenditure of the navy has been increased, and now the Ming Dynasty has vigorously developed the maritime economy, and the overseas colonies have extended to North America, and the military expenditure must also increase.

On the other hand, it is the research and development and update of equipment.

The fiscal expenditure on education has risen to 150 million yuan, and these funds are invested in the next generation, and the proportion of fiscal revenue has increased year by year. After deliberation by the Cabinet. It was decided to include all provinces in the New Deal compulsory education.

That is, the northern provinces, as well as the overseas colonies, will fully promote the six-year compulsory education, and students must complete primary school.

The Ministry of Education has also received an instruction from Zhu Youxiao that compulsory education must be strictly implemented, regardless of the family, income, and whether it is a boy or a girl, to enter school at the age of six, to graduate from primary school at the age of twelve, and to complete primary school before entering social work.

Illegal child labor is also strictly prohibited. Children in these elementary schools can go to work during the summer holidays, but not during the school day.

and child labor. It is necessary to apply for a report, and child labor cannot be employed in jobs that are too labor-intensive and the working environment is too bad.

At the same time, the Ministry of Rites was ordered to increase the publicity of compulsory education, and the Ministry of Education was ordered to carry out a tough attack in all provinces, and to take active persuasion and prescribe the right medicine for those parents who stubbornly did not let their children go to school. If the family is unable to pay the tuition fee, the tuition fee can be waived. For parents who simply prefer sons over daughters, or who think that going to school is useless, persuade them first, and if persuasion fails, use appropriate coercive measures to enroll their children in school.

Compulsory education will not be completely universalized in a short period of time, so it is necessary to increase publicity and carry out a tough battle. After all, in this era, the preference for sons is more serious, and it is generally easier for boys to go to school, but girls may not be able to go to school.

In the past two years, the promotion of compulsory education in Beizhili has encountered many such problems. The Ministry of Education is also relatively experienced.

The main reason for sending girls to school is that with the development of the industrial revolution, the female labor force has gradually become important.

Traditionally, women are not allowed to go out and show their heads casually, but are dedicated to their husbands and children at home. Of course, for ordinary people, women are actually very busy, usually spinning yarn at home, making female red, and some things that women can do to earn money to support the family.

But such a model has gradually disappeared from the needs of the industrial era.

Women can also participate in industrial production, and if they are completely confined to the family, it is a very serious waste of labor resources. For example, in a textile factory, if there are no female workers, only male workers can be used, but male workers may not be good at doing these jobs, but are suitable for more labor-intensive work. Even in most factories, female workers can be used for repetitive tasks.

Historically, during World War II, the Americans mobilized men to fight the war, and the workers in the factories were replaced by a large number of female workers, and the war potential of the whole country increased rapidly.

Therefore, improving the social status of women and emancipating women belong to the development trend of the times. It is in conflict with tradition, but it is unrealistic to immediately improve women's rights.

In these years, if the phenomenon of people's preference for sons over daughters is to be reversed, it will not be realistic for a while. In these years, the clan power is very strong, the concept of inheritance is very heavy, and the consciousness of one's own family and his family is very strong.

At the same time, a war may kill a man, plus men go out to do things, in the case of underdeveloped medical conditions, and when human beings are not strong in fighting against nature, men's abnormal mortality rate is relatively high. In addition, it is not easy for women to earn money and their ability to support their families is not strong, which is also an important reason for the preference for sons.

However, with the development of productive forces, the concept of preference for sons over daughters will gradually change. One is that productivity has increased, jobs have been created, and women have been able to earn money to support their families. Second, the level of medical care and the ability to fight against nature have improved, and the abnormal mortality rate of men has decreased.

At the same time, the improvement of transportation conditions, and the ability of married daughters to return to their parents' homes from time to time, etc., will improve the social status of women, and the phenomenon of preference for sons over daughters will change.

It can be said that the Chinese are still relatively accepting of this aspect, and the phenomenon of patriarchy in most parts of later China is not so serious. Only in some places where clan power is strong, such as southern Fujian and Guangdong, the phenomenon of preference for sons over women is more serious.

Zhu Youzheng was considering whether to engage in a feminist movement. But think about it. As long as the government is willing to hire female workers. For example, state-owned enterprises are willing to recruit a large number of female employees, and the status of women will naturally become higher and higher. At the same time, some legal safeguards are carried out, and the atmosphere will naturally change over time.

Pulling out the seedlings to help them grow, but it is too much.

Men are yang, women are yin, men are outside, women are inside. The traditional model is not without its benefits, a woman can concentrate on taking care of the family and is the soul of a family.

Empowerment of women. Encouraging women to work is actually harming the interests of small families and increasing national interests.

In fact, the Chinese will never be able to achieve true equality in the status of men and women, as in the West in later generations. On the contrary, it is easy to embark on the road of 'marketization', when women are in a seller's market, women's status is very high, just like China in later generations, men need to bear more obligations than women, rather than the general common responsibility.

To put it bluntly, resources are scarce. Women are also a necessary resource for society, and once there is a shortage of such necessary resources, it becomes a scarce resource. Scarce resources have a seller's market, and the demand side is competing with each other, and the status is naturally elevated.

Just as in India, in order for the lower castes to marry the higher castes, the woman's family is willing to pay a dowry, and the upper class influences the lower class, gradually forming a general custom.

Chinese can't understand the strange atmosphere in India, and Westerners can't understand Chinese customs.

At this time, it is obviously unlikely that the Ming Dynasty will form the atmosphere of later generations, and it is unlikely that it will form the atmosphere of the Indians.

Because Daming obviously will not be too short of women now, although it may be patriarchal, and there will be fewer women left. However, there is an inflow of resources from overseas, and as the saying goes, if it is sufficient, it will be conceded, and if it is insufficient, it will be struggling. When the competitive environment is relatively relaxed, the status of women in the marriage process will not be too high.

The other is the excessive appropriation of women's resources by the upper class, which will also cause great social contradictions. In fact, the gap between the rich and the poor will cause violent social conflicts, and a large part of the reason is also because of women.

At this time, the Ming Dynasty introduced resources in this area from overseas through the mode of external commercial plunder, which was equivalent to transferring the internal contradiction to the outside and turning it into an external contradiction.

In fact, there are restrictions on the excessive appropriation of resources by the upper class, as the so-called things must be opposed, although the Ming Dynasty allowed concubines, but it often means that the restrictions are relatively large. And the strict implementation of monogamy, the restriction is dead, but it has become no limit.

Under the monogamous system, everyone went to be the second wife and the third wife, and when everyone got used to it, they gradually became ashamed and began to laugh at the poor and not at the prostitute. And they usually go up and down, the powerful have one at home, and there are several outside, and those who are the first batch of wealthy groups can see it, we can too!

On the contrary, now that the Ming Dynasty is allowed to take concubines, it is very despised by people to be mistresses. Even if it is a concubine, it is not a very glamorous behavior.

Now, after the reform in the north, only those who have reached the seventh rank or higher can take concubines, or those who are over forty years old and have no children can take concubines.

Even if it is a concubine, it is controlled. It can't be as ridiculous as some officials in later generations to keep dozens of mistresses, even if it is an emperor, not every emperor will play with dozens of women, the so-called three thousand beauties in the harem are just an imaginary number of metaphors for many women, and some self-disciplined and dedicated emperors will not mess around at all.

The concubinage system is put on the bright side, but there will not be so many women who are willing to be kept by others. At the same time, the man who keeps a mistress is condemned by society. If it is a merchant, then although the court will not take any punitive measures against the merchant, it is generally impossible to be a mistress when the people are living a good life, even if it is a concubine, they are not very willing. Only the family is more difficult, that is also a willingness to fight and a willingness to suffer, and the court has nothing to manage, unless it is openly several women living together and serving a husband, or registering twice, and openly trampling on the marriage law, it is the crime of bigamy, and the court can manage it.

But for those groups with official positions and honors, the imperial court can control it, and once it is exposed, it will be punished.

Under such a system, the upper class's appropriation of resources in this area is limited and does not develop indefinitely.

As long as the women do not cause too many social contradictions, and the common people can form families and live normally, then even if the gap between the rich and the poor is relatively large, the social contradictions will not be too intense.

Now that the Ming Dynasty has undergone some reforms, the distribution of wealth has become more equitable, and the internal contradictions in the New Deal area have eased a lot. Money worship and hatred of the rich have declined, and they are no longer as extreme as in the past.

In general, the imperial court is now encouraging women to enter the workforce, state-owned enterprises recruit a large number of female workers, and in the future will even allow women to take civil service exams. As long as women generally appear in official institutions and state-owned enterprises, it will naturally imperceptibly affect the concepts of ordinary people. And official technicians and state-owned enterprises will definitely be able to recruit women because of their better treatment, and there will always be people willing to come.

Compulsory education was designed to enable workers to keep up with the pace of the Industrial Revolution, and with the development of the Industrial Revolution, workers had to be able to read and write at least in order to be competent in their daily work. In order for girls to participate in industrial production in general, it was also necessary to have a certain level of education, and it was also necessary to send girls to school for compulsory education.

In the era of industrialization, the state did not require workers to know too much, so each industrialized country implemented different degrees of foolish education. Therefore, with basic culture, even many college students are basically no different from the illiterate in ancient times, and they are still at the level of the blind stream. The essence of traditional culture is not much in contact with the education system.

For example, the main purpose of the education system in the United States is to produce qualified workers like factories, and to imperceptibly inculcate all kinds of ideas that are beneficial to the capitalists. And the talents who can really control the core power are cultivated from the descendants of the capitalists.

Zhu Youxiao was also an ordinary person before he crossed over, so he was not so black-hearted, although the purpose of the six-year compulsory education was for the purpose of industrial development. However, in the compilation of teaching materials, some good things that can really change the height of the lives of ordinary class children have been added, and education is carried out with the mentality of truly developing education, and there is no blind desire to consolidate the rule or cater to capital to fool the people.

Another reason why we don't mess with the foolish people is that we took care of the rise and fall of civilization, and so many hardships in China in later generations were mainly caused by the weakening of civilization, and the big hole left by the Manchu Qing Dynasty was filled for many years.

There are no eternal dynasties, only relatively eternal civilizations. The essential purpose of Zhu Youxiao's development of education is not to force the Zhu dynasty to survive for generations, but to revitalize this nation, so that this civilization can continue to be protected from foreign invasion and oppression.

As long as the nation is revitalized and the interior becomes more civilized, if the Emperor Zhu loses his morality in the future, the process of regime change will no longer be as bloody and violent as in the past. Maybe it's a constitutional monarchy, maybe it's the emperor's abdication, at least he can retire in his entirety.

The most effective way to revitalize a nation is to develop education, and in order to develop education, Zhu Youxiao can be regarded as having made a bloody investment.

He didn't know if after stabilizing the power of the Ming Dynasty, once a large-scale education was carried out, it would accelerate the demise of the Ming Dynasty, because the reformers were often paving the way for revolutionaries, but this did not affect Zhu Youxiao's philosophy, whether the Ming Dynasty could continue was not so important, the important thing was that the nation could continue. (To be continued.) )