Chapter 759: Land Reform
Liu Jun and Li Chunjiang, two old brothers, soaked in the soup pool together, drinking wine together and reminiscing about the past through a wooden plate floating in the pool.
Think about the first time the two met, it felt like yesterday. Together, they built horse teams, formed township regiments, suppressed bandits, and exterminated bandits. Li Chunjiang, the son of the family, trusted Liu Jun very much at that time, and he was not promoted and appreciated, but a kind of trust between friends and even brothers.
Liu Jun smoked a cigar, swallowing clouds and exhaling mist, and the smoke made the rising soup pool even more ethereal.
"Mei Qing graduated early in Jiwutang, I have already awarded him the rank of right general, I wanted to keep her in Beijing, but she asked to go to Nanyang." Liu Jun took a heavy breath, and then spit out hard.
Li Chunjiang also had a cigar in his hand, nodded when he heard this, and said, "I understand Senior Sister Mei's temperament, and she is quite strong. Originally, I thought you could do it, but who would have thought that this would be the case now. You shouldn't just go along with her, sometimes you have to be tough. ”
Liu Jun smiled, "If it were someone else, maybe I would do that, but she is Mei Qing." He took another puff of cigarette, turned his head to look at Li Chunjiang, and asked, "Do you think that when you become an emperor, you can really have feelings?" ”
"Being an emperor doesn't hinder you, the key is whether you want it or not."
"It's useless for me to be willing, she has to be willing."
"Emotional things, you love me, if she doesn't want to, she really can't do it." Li Chunjiang said.
"yes, forget it, let her be." Liu Jun was helpless, "Chunjiang, you have been back from Nanjing for a while, and it is enough to rest, after the year, you will be appointed as an auxiliary minister of the cabinet and a secretary of the ministry." ”
Today's cabinet has a total of seven auxiliary ministers, the first assistant and the second assistant, and five group assistants. The first assistant leads the cabinet, the second assistant assists, and the five group assistants concurrently serve as the five secretaries.
In the Ming Dynasty, except for a few exceptions, the official department was generally not included in the cabinet because the authority of the ministry was too heavy. However, now the cabinet has seven auxiliary ministers, the main and secondary are clearly distinguished, the cabinet is led by the first assistant, and the original six departments have long been split because of the household department, and only five are left. Each of the five group assistants also served as a secretary, and the secretary of the ministry became the first person in the group and the third person in the cabinet.
Liu Jun handed over such an important position to Li Chunjiang, which also fully demonstrated the emperor's trust in him. Li Chunjiang was very young, but he successively served in central Beijing and in the localities, and he performed very well in the governors of Lianghu and Sanjiang.
If the governors were not abolished, Liu Jun intended to let him serve as the governor of the local government for a few more years, but now after the removal of the governor, only the vacant position of the official secretary in the court is the most suitable for him.
"I'll listen to Your Majesty's arrangement." Li Chunjiang didn't shirk either, he understood the emperor's character, and since he said it, he thought about it.
"After you take office, the most important thing is still in terms of personnel. The imperial court is now in the national examination, and after the results of the inspection come out, it will be handed over to the officials, and then you will quickly make personnel adjustments such as promotion and dismissal according to the results of the assessment. The first batch of students from various universities will also officially embark on internship positions next year, and you must also arrange this part, two years later, how many available talents can be left, you have to do a good job of checking, responsible for supervision, do a good job of filing each intern, and build a good follow-up report. In addition, those officers who have been transferred to civilian jobs in the army one after another must also make good arrangements, and vigorously promote and reuse these demobilized military cadres in the localities, especially at the grassroots level. Making good use of these demobilized military cadres is a killer weapon for us to rectify the rule of local officials, and we must not waste it. ”
Whether you are the emperor or the CEO of the company, personnel and financial power must be extremely important and must be grasped in hand. And how to grasp the right to personnel? Of course, there must be a very good, capable and trustworthy official secretary. When the emperor is not as good as opening a company, Liu Jun can't do everything himself, so he can only grasp the upper level, and then let the layer by layer manage it well.
"Your Majesty, I will definitely live up to my trust." Li Chunjiang nodded, and then said, "But there is one thing that I have always wanted to report to Your Majesty, which is about some personal opinions of the current court. Liu Jun looked at Li Chunjiang with interest, "You say." ”
What Li Chunjiang said was something that Liu Jun didn't expect, the imperial court has been expanding its territory in recent years, and it is also constantly moving people from the Central Plains to expand the borders. Most of the people who moved out were poor people, as well as some places with poor geographical conditions, which were either lacking or mountainous, with little arable land and many disasters. After moving them out, they went to the frontier, and although they were uprooted from their homeland, they did have a new life, and the fertile fields were at least 100 acres per person.
Now the population of the Central Plains has decreased a lot, the number of people has decreased, and the fields are still the same, so many people who were landless in the past and who could not land can now land can now land as tenants. In addition, the start of construction of Fangduo workshop, mine, road and water conservancy projects has also given the people the opportunity to earn some wages in addition to farming, and their lives have been much better.
However, Li Chunjiang still saw some shortcomings.
"Compared with those migrants, most of the people who remain in the Central Plains are still landless, and the land in the Central Plains is concentrated in the hands of a very small number of landlords, which I think is a hidden danger."
Liu Jun poured Li Chunjiang a glass of wine and asked, "Then what do you propose?" ”
"Land requisition, land grant."
Liu Jun understood all of a sudden, but was still a little surprised, "Be specific." ”
"Your Majesty, at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, land annexation was severe, the people were poor, and even the imperial court taxes were greatly reduced. Later, Jia Yidao, who was in power, came out with a policy, promulgated the law on land restrictions, stipulating the upper limit of the land that aristocratic officials at all levels could own, and then the imperial court according to this, the part that exceeded the standard, took out one-third, and the imperial court bought back the official land, and then leased it, so that the imperial court relied on rent collection to solve the problems of military rations, meetings, prices, etc., and most importantly, it also solved the big problems of the lives of many landless people. ”
Liu Jun nodded, and the two Song Dynasty did not suppress mergers at the beginning, and allowed land to be bought and sold freely. Even in the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, because of the lack of anti-Jin military spending, the imperial court proposed to sell the public land in the hands of the imperial court to private individuals to raise a large amount of military expenses.
However, at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the finances of the Song Dynasty were full of holes, and at this time, they thought of restricting land, buying back the excess land, and then renting it to landless peasants, collecting rent to solve the finances, and at the same time solving the livelihood of a large number of landless peasants.
In history, although Jia Yidao is known as a traitor, he does have good abilities. The policy of restricting land and buying back public land was a life-sustaining soup for the Southern Song Dynasty at that time.
Originally, the Han Dynasty also had a lot of public land, confiscated a large amount of land from the royal family, clans and lawless bureaucrats of the previous dynasty, the army tun the fields, the fields that were recovered from the fugitives and extinct households, and the sand fields that were silted up by the rivers.
But in recent years, the imperial court has also been implementing a policy, that is, to sell these public lands. Of course, the sale of these public fields is not a simple sale, but a lease before sale, rented to ordinary people, a limited amount per person, and after renting and planting, as long as they pay the full amount of grain for a few years, they have the right to redeem the land.
This is not because the court needs money from the sale of land, nor is it unwilling to manage the collection of rent, but also because the interests of the people are taken into account. For the imperial court, the sale of land did lose a lot of rent in the long run, but from the perspective of the overall situation, it made the imperial court have many more yeoman farmers, and yeoman farmers are the solid foundation of the imperial court, which is of great significance.
Just as Li Chunjiang said now, although the imperial court moved out a large number of ordinary people, and also collected the fields of these people to the imperial court, and then leased them to the people who remained, the state of the Central Plains, in essence, is still less than 20% of the landlords, occupying almost more than 80% of the land.
A large number of people who stayed in the Central Plains actually still relied on tenant land for a living, and even the tenants could not land and could only rely on work. At present, industry and commerce are thriving, and the imperial court is also light on taxes, so I can't see any problems for a while, but this is a hidden danger.
"Do you think we should implement a land restriction system?"
"The land restriction system should be implemented in the Central Plains."
The Han Empire is now expanding its territory and has a vast territory, but when it comes to the core area, it is still the Central Plains, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sanjiang, Lianghu, Fujian, Zhejiang, Liangguang, Sichuan, the thirteen provinces, and the rest such as Yunnan, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, Liaoning and even Gansu and other places are still underpopulated and underdeveloped.
The stability of the 13 provinces in the Central Plains is extremely important.
"Your Majesty, in the thirteen provinces of the Central Plains, the implementation of land restrictions, the excess, the imperial court does not need to spend a lot of money to buy back, I think, the imperial court can completely exchange land for land, and exchange land with them."
Li Chunjiang showed a sly smile.
"Hahaha." Liu Jun laughed and realized it all at once.
The Southern Song Dynasty's public land law relied on the state to pay back one-third of the land that exceeded the quota, and then lease it to the people. Even if it is only a third, the imperial court needs to come up with a large amount of money at one time.
Even today's big Han is facing great financial pressure to fully implement this policy.
But Li Chunjiang did think of an excellent way, replacement.
In addition to the thirteen core provinces of Dahan, there are many provinces, the three northeastern provinces outside the Guanxi, the Saishang region, and even the large land on the newly laid Indochina Peninsula, in addition to the territory on the Nanyang Islands, not to mention the areas such as the Monan Mobei Hetao.
There is still a large amount of idle land in these places, and the imperial court can completely exchange the fields of the thirteen provinces with those landlords of the Central Plains, such as one acre of land in Hebei for the three provinces of Liaoning. One acre in Henan for five acres in Annan, one acre in Fujian and Zhejiang for three acres in Taiwan, one acre in Jiangsu for ten acres in Nanyang, and so on.
In this way, the imperial court can recover a large number of fields in the core area without spending a penny, and without the need for laborious immigration to the frontier, a large number of people can rent the fields of the imperial court, and after a few years, they can even gradually redeem these fields, and change from tenants and tenants to yeoman farmers with land.
At the same time, the landlords themselves are very strong, and when they exchange for a large amount of land in the frontier, they will definitely develop it. They themselves are not weak, and they don't need much help from the imperial court to have the ability to develop these fields.
At the beginning, Jia Yidao's limited land purchase object was an official household, and the standard set was that the first product was limited to 50 hectares of land, and each of the following products decreased by 5 hectares, to 5 hectares for the ninth product.
Later, however, because the number of acres of land exceeded by the government was far less than the amount of public land, it was first stipulated that the maximum amount of land owned by unofficial families was limited to 5 hectares, and then it was reduced to 200 acres.
The 13 provinces of Dahan have a large population, with a population of more than 300 million, and these 13 provinces account for at least 70%.
"Chunjiang, what do you think of the land limit according to Ding, each Ding is limited to 100 mu of land, and if the number is exceeded, it will be levied by the imperial court and exchanged land for land. Specifically, the imperial court has to come up with a standard, for example, the price of land is different in different provinces, and all fields are divided into several standards such as fat and thin, so that in the end, a price is calculated comprehensively for each mu of land. At the same time, the imperial court also calculated such a price standard for all the fields outside the thirteen provinces, and then, the people who exceeded the land limit were allowed to freely choose the land to be replaced, and they could choose Korea or Kanwai or Japan or Annam, Burma, Nanyang, etc. according to their own ideas. ”
Converting land is definitely a troublesome matter, and if it is not done well, it will become a difficulty for the Han Dynasty to be demolished.
It must be open, fair and fair, and the better way is to give them some choice power, and at the same time make things open and transparent, so that everyone can see clearly, and have a choice, and naturally they can be more acceptable.
"According to the limit of 100 acres of land per ding, it is estimated that it is too strict."
Liu Jun nodded, Ding, which means that it is an adult man, which is equivalent to excluding underage men and very old people, and both older and younger women. A large landowner, even if it is a large family, is estimated to have no more than ten men, which means that they cannot keep a thousand acres of land at most, and many of those big landlords own more than 1,000 hectares of land.
"What do you think of that, then, every family, each adult or a male or a female can own fifty acres of land, and a minor male or female can own twenty acres of land?"
"For ordinary small and medium-sized landlords, in this way, they should be able to keep about 1,000 acres of land, which should be acceptable, but the big landlords are afraid that it will be difficult to accept it for a while."
Liu Jun smiled, "As long as most small and medium-sized landlords can accept it, then we can ignore these big landlords." After all, the number of small and medium-sized landlords far exceeds that of large landlords. We are not confiscating their land, but replacement, and they don't have to worry too much about toasting and not eating and wanting to eat and drink. ”
Liu Jun feels that this land restriction standard is already good, much better than the Southern Song Dynasty's 100 mu land restriction policy, but Liu Jun also plans to do it thoroughly, the Southern Song Dynasty is more than one-third of the land limit part of the buyback exceedance, Liu Jun is to exceed part of the division replacement.
The land in these thirteen provinces will be leased to the local landless people. The imperial court would also limit the tenants' rents according to the land restriction policy, and the tenants would have the right to redeem the rented public land after paying the land in full for a few years. The imperial court encouraged them and even offered them some loans.
"By the way, the imperial court issued a policy of restricting the purchase of land, and it must also add a restriction on the purchase and sale of land, the purchase and sale of land in the thirteen provinces of the Central Plains, the buyer's field amount cannot exceed the limit, and if the amount is full, it is not allowed to buy the field, otherwise it will be regarded as illegal, and it will be strictly investigated and punished once it is found."
The imperial court allowed the sale of land, but there were restrictions, the Central Plains field trading restrictions are not allowed to exceed the limit of the land order, as for the thirteen provinces, the limit of cultivated land can be larger than the Central Plains, such as ten times or more, pasture, can be more wide.
"Chunjiang, this suggestion you put forward is very good, don't bother the two masters, you go back and immediately draft a proposal, and then take it to the cabinet meeting to study it with the auxiliary ministers, and finally make a formal proposal and send it to the Senate for consultation, I hope this bill can be agreed on as soon as possible, and finally pass the bill to vote and become a formal bill, so that the court can implement this policy according to the law and quickly start land exchange." Liu Jun said to Li Chunjiang excitedly.
He knows very well how important this bill is to Dahan if it is done well.
Every time the Han Dynasty added one yeoman farmer and one less landless, the cornerstone of the imperial court was more stable. (To be continued.) )