Chapter 197: The Textile Industry Revolution
At the same time that the Pacific Trading Company opened up the colonial fortress in the Americas, the Liaodong Governorate took a series of measures to consolidate the existing territory and strengthen its control over the people in the territory.
In order to get rid of the huge financial deficit brought about by the military industry, Deng Haonan played the slogan of "hiding wealth from the people", calling on the common people in the territory to engage in industrial production and farming, and asked the female dependents of every household to vigorously develop sericulture. Moreover, in order to arouse the people's enthusiasm for production, the Liaodong Governor's Office will buy raw silk in the hands of the people at a price one percent higher than the market price.
Of course, Deng Haonan encouraged the common people to form imitation weaving workshops of different sizes and scales, and the silk cloth produced was also purchased at a price higher than the market price.
The population of Liaodong is not large, and basically all of them are engaged in industrial and agricultural production, and only a small number of housewives are engaged in silkworm raising and imitation weaving. However, it is different in Taiwan, where the common people in Taichung and Tainan are engaged in agriculture and have a long leisure time, so after learning about Na Haonan's policy. They all responded in droves.
Farming when busy, raising Thai imitation silk in leisure time. While this brings a stable life to the common people, it also gives them rich rewards. The Governor's Office procured raw silk or finished silk cloth. This is a kind of guarantee, and the people obviously approve and support this kind of security policy 120 percent, because this gives them a fixed income, which is equivalent to an iron rice bowl.
The huge enthusiasm of labor has led to the rapid growth of the weaving industry. The types of silk fabrics are also becoming more and more complete, and there are many colors. Not only yarn, silk, silk, Luo, silk, satin, brocade, Qi, velvet and other silk fabrics are available, but also there are many different varieties of colors in each category.
There are all kinds of silk and satin in all parts of the Ming Dynasty, and after the Liaodong Governor's Mansion came back from purchasing, he called on the Weaver Girls in Liaodong Mansion, Taiwan Prefecture and Ryukyu Prefecture to learn, and soon completed the imitation. For example, Luo, there are Hua Luo, Su Luo, Dao Luo, Hexi Luo, Qiu Luo, etc., Quanzhou Weaver Girl weaves hard Luo, soft Luo, etc., of which Hua Luo is up to 55 kinds. Silk. There are thread silk, cotton silk, silk, Du woven silk, silk machine silk, crepe silk, pattern silk, spring silk, and silk.
Originally, Jiaxing's plain silk, flower silk, silk in Ayadi, Qingguang Wangdian silk, Pu silk, Jianchang has cage silk, fake silk, Huzhou has water silk, imitation silk, etc., yarn, Huzhou has straight yarn, flower yarn, sandwich yarn, Baotou yarn, etc., Quanzhou has plain yarn, flower yarn, money yarn, etc., and now can be imitated in the area under the rule of the Liaodong Governor's Office. While imitating, innovation is also continuous. Such as the newly created double-sided velvet in velvet. There are also many names, such as the velvet velvet with a rich appearance and a firm and wear-resistant texture, the silk with twill flowers on the twill, and the brocade with a gorgeous multi-structure structure. The weaving technology is more complete.
Membership is prominent due to the prosperity of overseas trade. Qi that was popular in the Tang and Song dynasties was originally in decline in the Ming Dynasty due to the increase in woven gold brocade, colored brocade and printed fabrics.
As the people of the future. Deng Haonan is well aware that the profit margin of export primary products is too low. Many of the raw silk and silk satin of the Ming Dynasty were exported abroad in the form of raw materials and cloth, and after arriving abroad, foreign merchants made clothes and sold them at high prices, earning huge profits.
In order to solve this problem and increase the profits of the Pacific Trading Company. Deng Haonan asked the Pacific Trading Company to carry out deep processing of the products. The way to do this is to conduct market research in the South Seas such as Mexico and the Philippines to see how foreigners like to dress during foreign trade. Then take back the sample and make it yourself.
So. The export of silk fabrics has changed from the initial export of raw materials to the export of finished products. Prices and profit margins have multiplied several times.
The Pacific Trading Company formed a huge silk weaving factory, bringing together the common people who were engaged in the imitation weaving industry. As a result, the ornamentation patterns of the silk fabrics exported by the Pacific Trading Company are varied, "dazzling in five colors, and the craftsmanship is very special." Among them, especially "makeup flowers" and "weaving gold." Most praised.
"Makeup" is in addition to the ground weft, and the colored weft is used to form a pattern on the fabric by controlling the shuttle and other methods, and the weaving method is complex. The pattern is exquisite. The color is gorgeous, reflecting the high level of silk weaving technology. In addition to makeup brocade, yarn, Luo, silk, velvet, silk cloth, modification, cloud cloth can be used "makeup." Woven. In the early days, makeup fabrics were mainly woven by hand, and now the Pacific Trading Company has gradually promoted the introduction of color weft and ground weft in turn. The weaving method of jacquard with a jacquard machine.
"Weaving gold." It is a method of weaving gold and silver threads into a fabric to create a special glossy effect. This method was developed by the Yuan Dynasty to "accept the loss and the small exhibition." The gold addition of fabrics in the Ming Dynasty is not limited to brocade. And there is gold color velvet, weaving gold makeup satin, weaving gold makeup silk, weaving gold makeup Luo, weaving gold makeup cloth, etc., greatly breaking through the level of the Yuan Dynasty, now visible physical objects such as crimson ground cirrus gold dragon makeup satin, repair ground cloud tornado makeup flower satin, green ground peony plus gold brocade, red ground peony plus silver brocade, apricot red land longevity eight treasures plus gold satin, etc., are extremely gorgeous and exquisite, admirable.
The imitation weaving industry is the foundation of modern industry, and it is also the first act of the industrial revolution.
Na Haonan understood in his heart. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Empire actually had a considerable amount of capitalist germs, and if the Manchu Qing Dynasty had not entered the customs, then the Ming Dynasty itself would have embarked on the capitalist road
Now capitalism has sprouted all over the world, and the bourgeois revolution has broken out in the Netherlands. Soon Britain will also begin.
Na Haonan naturally does not like the feudal and backward social system. I don't like to be occupied by the Manchus even more. became a slave society, so Na Haonan decided to help the Ming Empire embark on the era of capitalist empires.
The Industrial Revolution must move forward, but Deng Haonan will not carry out the enclosure movement to bloody force social structural changes like the British. He had a better way to follow the docile path of the Industrial Revolution as France and the Netherlands did.
When the brunt of the natural is the industrial reform of the weaving industry, which is the simplest and most direct.
The industrial revolution is reflected in the use of the machine, so Na Haonan reformed the imitation loom in the imitation weaving industry. A reward of two thousand taels of silver was offered to those who improved the imitation weaving tools. This is an invisibly derived from the imitation weaving industry, and they specialize in making money by imitating weaving cars. For this type of person. Na Haonan specially established the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Liaodong Governor's Office to absorb the best of them to join. These people are not dry eaters, tempted by money. They have brought great impetus to the imitation weaving industry in Daming. Such as the "cold basin" method in the silk process. "One person shall pay for two basins of water. The two of them are directly prepared, specializing in silk heads. "Two people straight pot main rope" This two-by-two rope car and five people work together, which can not only separate the boiling cocoon and the silk, control the water temperature, and ensure the silk quality. Moreover, it can save firewood and improve the efficacy of the silk, "five people should be the work of six people"
Jiangnan imitation weaver Tong Guò respoke about the pedal rope car, adding thread to one person's hand rope. Pedal with your foot and turn the silk shoes. This kind of rope car is the rope tool used in Jiangnan at that time, which is more advanced than the previous hand-cranked car and the "Shu silk car" of the two people, and the labor productivity is also higher. If the head of the silk is only taken twenty taels, with its seedling length also "on the following rope silk after the silk adjustment, imitation weft, warp, pulp warp and other processes, the machinery and tools used and the operation method,
The most advanced silk loom in the Liaodong Governor's Mansion is the "flower machine", which is a large jacquard machine with a complex structure. Craftsmen can weave a variety of extremely complex ornamental patterns according to the "flower book".
The design of some of these components is very ingenious, which makes Deng Haonan, a later person, stunned.
For example, "the stacking wood of the towel part of the frame is a tangential component of the weft force, and the large adjustable force can make a machine multi-purpose, so as to expand the range of fabric varieties." Flower machines have been widely used in the silk weaving industry in Liaodong Province, Taiwan Province and other places, mainly used to produce various high-grade silk fabrics. The flower machine is also known as the big machine. In addition, there is a small machine, called a waist machine. "Where weaving Hangxi, Luodi and other silk. Light silk and other silk, silver bars, scarves and hats, etc., do not need to use a flower machine, only use a small machine. The weaver sits down with cooked leather, and its strength is all on the waist, so it is called the waist machine. Lin Hong, a weaver in Taiwan, created a new type of satin weaving machine, which is called "changing the machine and changing the machine, so the five-layer" Lin Hong is called Wu Shenduo brocade. Min weaving is not caught. Then the section was changed to four floors. Hence the name of the machine" This is an important improvement of the previous Fuzhou satin weaving machine, simplifying the structure of the loom and improving the production efficiency and product quality.
In addition, there is a ginning machine, called "chaming", which is a person who turns the crank with his right hand. Pedal with the right foot, feed the cotton with the left hand, the use method and working situation are roughly the same as those of the agitator. Imitation cars are usually triple yarn locks. "All weavers are capable, holding three tubes in one hand, imitating on the collar" used four cans and five cans of imitation cars. The emergence of this multi-cycle imitation car reflects the improvement of imitation yarn skills and production efficiency.
The Liaodong Governor's Office unified the procurement of ten finished raw silk and finished silk, at first limited by the number of people and productivity level, the number is not large, but with the recognition of the people, this number will become more and more huge. Apparently these things are not sold domestic, because there is no profit. Raw silk and silk would be shipped to the South Seas and the Americas, where merchants would resell to Europe and Africa, generating huge profits.
However, trade must be two-way to be sustainable in the long term. Blindly entering the country will lead to soaring domestic prices and the people becoming poorer and poorer, and it is necessary to import foreign goods accordingly to balance the trade surplus.
The Ming Dynasty is getting poorer and poorer, mainly because it has not mastered the problem of trade surplus. The Ming Dynasty exported countless goods every year, which undoubtedly earned a large amount of gold and silver abroad. However, after the gold and silver flowed into the Ming Dynasty, it no longer flowed out. As a result, the Ming Dynasty continued to flow out of the people's biological resources, and the domestic materials of the Ming Dynasty became more and more scarce, coupled with the currency depreciation caused by the inflow of silver, which made the domestic prices soar and the people were not able to make a living.
On the contrary, the silver of the European Spanish and Portuguese empires was earned for nothing, because it was all plundered by the colonization of Guò. The large-scale plundering of silver led to the fact that the production of silver as a currency was much higher than that of material production in the same period.
The Ming people have always liked to collect gold and silver. After silver flowed into the Ming Dynasty, it was difficult to flow out, and even domestic circulation was difficult. Silver could not be circulated as a single currency, so with the continuous outflow of materials in the Ming Dynasty, silver was controlled by the eunuchs and giants. It can't flow into the hands of ordinary people. The use of silver for the imperial court expenditure, then the use of silver for tax collection, the common people do not have silver but have to be converted into silver to pay taxes, and the officials also have to extract fire from it to reduce the price of silver, so the officials and giant businessmen who control the silver have intensified their control of silver, and the finance of the Ming Dynasty has fallen into a dead loop.
The current world is like three people. A, B, and C: Table Western, does not mean that colony C means that the three people each hold a piece of cake and a gold coin, and they are originally safe, and there are food and flowers. Later, A goes to war against B, kills B, and takes B's cake and gold coins. A kills B, but he can't kill C, because C is strong. So A offered to exchange a gold coin for a cake for C. C didn't do it, and asked for two gold coins for a cake. So A agreed, and exchanged two gold coins for C's cake. In this way, A has three cakes. And C has three gold coins. Soon, C was hungry. But he was reluctant to exchange gold coins for cakes, and he died, so he didn't want to be a robber to rob the cake. So C gradually became thin and weak, and was no longer strong. In the end, A finally defeats C and takes C's gold coins.
Na Qiannan is well aware of the disadvantages of this kind of dead cycle economy, so he adopts a strategy of small trade surplus.
Take the export of luxury goods such as raw silk and silk as an example, the Liaodong Governor's Mansion purchases raw silk from the hands of ordinary people, and then sells it at a high price in the Americas and abroad. The huge sums of silver obtained are no longer all brought back, but two-thirds of them are converted into foreign goods. Because the Ming was not very interested in Western luxury. Therefore, the goods imported back to China are targeted. For example, spices, mirrors and other luxury goods are sold to official eunuchs, and the proportion is not large, and the largest is the purchase of grain, oil, salt, rice vinegar and other things that the common people value and can afford.
In this way, the Liaodong Governor's Mansion paid the silver to the common people, and the common people used the silver to buy the goods transported back by the Liaodong Governor's Office, and the silver was successfully circulated. And in this way. The Liaodong Governor's Mansion Tong Guò had a surplus in trade, and its income was also considerable.
There were buying and selling, not only the economy in the area under the jurisdiction of the Liaodong Governorate was lively, but also the foreign merchants did not blindly run a trade deficit, but also sold goods to the Ming Dynasty, so that the trade friction between the two sides was also eased. Similarly, the Liaodong Metropolitan Government vigorously developed national industry and agriculture. In addition to raising silkworms and imitation silk, the common people also introduced advanced porcelain manufacturing technology from Jingdezhen, and many porcelain workshops began to appear among the people. These porcelains are usually sold locally. The fine ones are shipped abroad by the Guò Pacific Trading Company.
Na Haonan carried out the industrial revolution of the imitation weaving industry on his territory, while the Ming court on the big 6 was trembling in the wind and rain and infighting.
Due to Di Haonan's shirk, although Empress Zhang knew the little Jiujiu in Deng Haonan's heart, she didn't have the time to clean up Deng Haonan at the moment.
In order to fight against Wei Zhongxian. Further divide Wei Zhongxian's military power in Beijing. Empress Zhang gave Zhu Youlou a support, so Zhu Youxiao sent a visit to the Houfu and the Ministry of Officials and Soldiers on the thirteenth day of the first month of the seventh year of the Apocalypse:
"Liandi Xinwang, he is old, his age is ten thousand stones, and he now lives in Beijing, with three thousand stones and ten thousand dollars; After staying in the country, the rice is fully supported. And elected the officials of the royal palace, now in Beijing, first give the captain 500 and the army 300
The abacus is very simple, if Zhu Youxiao directly moves the military power of the forbidden army, it will inevitably cause fear among the eunuchs. Play with fire. So he used King Shin to cultivate the power of the royal family in the capital. In this way, Zhu Youzhen, the king of letters, became the only vassal king in Beijing with a small army.
gave the letter to the king Zhu Youzhen of several hundred soldiers. It doesn't solve much of a problem. Because Zhu Youzhen, the king of letters, always ignores the government affairs, does not participate in any major affairs of the court, and does not contact Wei Zhongxian, he just stays alone in his palace to enjoy flowers and birds, as if this world has nothing to do with him.
And Wei Zhongxian doesn't know for what reason, for this king of letters, he didn't show off his might like other vassal kings, and he never came to find fault, and he also treated Zhu Youzhen as air.
After Zhu Youxiao dealt with the matter of Zhu Youzhen, the king of letters, he saw that Na Haonan had no intention of going to Beijing. So I thought of someone else, for Yang He, the governor of the three sides. He wasn't at ease. For the ministers of the king of Liaodong, there are still a few new appointments.
So Empress Zhang secretly sent people to Shanhaiguan to have a secret conversation with the ministers of the king of Liaodong. But things got more complicated.
After the victory of the Ming army in Ningyuan, Yuan Chonghuan was promoted to governor, but Yuan Chonghuan and the general soldier Man Gui fell out because of the Seventh Father-in-law's trip to Mongolia. So Yuan Chonghuan asked the imperial court to move Mangui to another town, and the imperial court approved to summon Mangui to return to the capital. Wang Zhichen replaced Li Qi after the Liaodong Strategy, but it was a repetition to stay full of Gui. Yuan Chonghuan then turned his face with Wang Zhichen. The court feared that they would be defeated, so they ordered the king's ministers to supervise the Guannei. Yuan Chonghuan supervised the outside of the customs and guarded the customs. Yuan Chonghuan was worried that the courtiers would be jealous because of the problem of building the eunuch ancestral hall, and he was afraid of him, so he wrote to ask, "Only Shengming and the courtiers are always there." ”
Unexpectedly, Wei Zhongxian regarded Yuan Chonghuan as his own. thought that the cabinet wanted to embarrass Yuan Chonghuan, and at the same time he heard rumors that someone in the palace had contacted Wang Zhichen. So, Wei Zhongxian called the king's ministers back because Yuan Chonghuan and the king's ministers were incompetent. The strike is not set up, and Yuan Chonghuan is instructed inside and outside the gate, and Liu Yingkun and Ji Yong are engaged in cheap work in the town guard.
Wang Zhichen had just promised Empress Zhang to lead an army into King Qin. As a result, on February 2, the fourth month of the seventh year of the Apocalypse, he was returned to Beijing after being added by the imperial court to the crown prince and Taibao, which made King Qin's plan fail.
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