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After Lin Zhe came to this era, he inevitably brought a large number of butterfly effects to the world, but the impact of this butterfly effect was also limited, mainly focused on China-related affairs.

The fall of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, Lin Chengting's trip to Burma to establish the Ning Kingdom, and the establishment of the Chinese Empire were the most direct influences.

In addition to these direct effects, there are also some indirect effects, such as allowing the world to enter the era of rear-loading guns several years earlier, which has affected and even changed the mode of warfare to a certain extent.

In addition, due to some of the policies implemented by the Chinese Empire after the establishment of the Empire, it also had a great impact, such as Japan's Meiji Restoration did not happen as smoothly as in history, and now Japan is divided into three countries, fighting each other endlessly, not to mention the Restoration and industrialization, even if it is unified, I don't know when it will go, at least the empire is watching, and it is much more difficult for Japan to unify than the Korean Peninsula in later generations.

In addition, a series of rivalries between the empire and Russia in the direction of Far East Siberia and Central Asia also had a great impact.

At a time when Russia had lost access to the Pacific Ocean and had no hope of defeating the empire militarily and regaining its footing, the Russians had gradually adjusted their expansion strategy in recent years.

In recent years, they have been actively expanding into the hinterland of Central Asia, and have made great advances in the direction of Afghanistan and Iran in later generations, especially in the direction of Afghanistan. Historically, the Russian army did not really get involved in Afghanistan until the late seventies. and caused a British counterattack, which directly led to the Second Anglo-Afghan War. At the same time, it also maintained a certain degree of restraint in the Persian direction, and shared Persian interests with the British as a whole.

In this time and space, after the loss of the Pacific Ocean, the Russians, who were more eager for the Indian Ocean access, accelerated their expansion in Central Asia and promoted their 'southward policy', which had already invaded Afghanistan in the past two years, and at the same time accelerated the actual control of Persia.

The confrontation between the Russian army and the British army in Afghanistan and Persia has become the main contradiction between Britain and Russia in the past two years.

At present, the Russian army is hoarding heavy troops in the north of Persia, and at the same time, the British are trying to prevent Russia from taking control of Persia. and to obtain access to the sea in the Persian Gulf, and also to station heavy troops in the northwestern part of India, near the direction of Persia.

The two sides surrounded Persia and Afghanistan, but there were more than 100,000 troops stationed there.

The conflict between Britain and Russia in Central Asia was naturally indispensable to the involvement of the Empire, because the Empire also had a Kokand province in Central Asia.

What exactly was the location of the Imperial Province of Kokand? Although there is no border agreement with Russia or anything like that, based on the actual military control line between the two sides, Kokand Province stretches west to Xinjiang Province, Lake Balkhash and the Russians to the northeast, and then extends to the south. It reaches Kokand, then extends southwest to Samarkand, and finally south to the Afghan border.

The territory encompasses most of the Kokand Khanate of the former three Central Asian states and the eastern part of the Bukharan Kingdom. If the territory of the country in the future is concerned, it is the Almaty region of Kazakhstan, the whole territory of Kyrgyzstan, the whole territory of Targistan, and the area east of Samarkand in Uzbekistan (the detailed map can be viewed in the album of book friends).

This province of Kokand borders Russia to the north. Bordered to the south by India and Afghanistan, the province of Kokand was a veritable salient to the Empire.

The empire also stationed heavy military groups in Kokand and Xinjiang provinces. The garrisons of the two provinces together amounted to more than 50,000 men, and a considerable number of them were cavalry units.

The empire was in the northwest regions such as Kokand and Xinjiang provinces, and in the northern regions such as Utai provinces. Its main force is not mainly infantry, but cavalry. The proportion of cavalry occupying the local garrison was relatively high.

The Empire, Russia, and Britain were entangled in Central Asia, and with Afghanistan and Persia unwilling to die, and perhaps Ottoman Turkey to the west, the situation in this vast area was quite complex and chaotic.

In the chaos, Russia and Britain and the empire were on guard against each other and even co-opted, not to mention that the Russians and the empire fought for life and death in Siberia or even in Central Asia before, but in the face of the strength of the British, the Russian army and the Chinese army had a tacit understanding to stop fighting with each other, and then work together to infiltrate Afghanistan.

At the same time, in order to prepare for a global war with the Russians, on the one hand, Britain supported the empire to attack Russia in the direction of Siberia, but at the same time, in order to prevent the empire's strength from growing significantly, especially worried about the expansion of the empire in the direction of India and Afghanistan, they tried to unite with Russia and hinder the expansion of the empire in the direction of Central Asia.

The relationship between these three countries is very complex, and it cannot be described simply as a simple relationship between hostile countries or allies, but depends on the specific matters.

The British have always taken a tough stance on Afghanistan, Burma, and Tibet, but on the other hand, they have supported the Empire's military attack on Russia in the direction of Siberia.

The situation in Central Asia after 1870 was more complicated and chaotic than it was in history, where historically only the British and Russians had intervened, and now the intervention of the Empire has made the situation in this region even more complicated.

The situation is complicated, which has led to the fact that the three countries are hoarding heavy troops in this direction, but no one dares to start a war without authorization, because once the war starts, it will be a major war that can determine the direction of the entire Central Asian situation, whether it is Britain, Russia or the Empire, they must be cautious and cautious.

The chaos of the situation in Central Asia, the division of Japan, and the establishment of the Ning Kingdom are all direct or indirect butterfly effects that Lin Zhe brought to the world.

However, Lin Zhe's influence is also limited, at least not on the overall situation in Europe.

When Lin Zhe set off the wave of the imperial industrial revolution in Asia, there were no fewer wars to be fought on the European continent, such as the Prussian-Danish War, the Austro-Prussian War, and the Battle of Lissa, which had a profound impact on the development of world naval warfare.

The current Franco-Prussian War also took place according to the inherent trajectory of history.

The outbreak of this series of European wars was a series of inevitable wars for the rise of Prussia.

Late July of 1870. It was through telegram that Lin Zhe learned that France in Europe had officially declared war on Prussia, and then Napoleon III personally led his army to the front.

Even Lin Zhe did not pay much attention to modern European history in his previous life. But I've also heard more or less about the famous Franco-Prussian War, in this war. Napoleon III would follow in the footsteps of his uncle Napoleon I, suffer a crushing defeat and lose everything.

Of course, Lin Zhe only knew that France was defeated, and Napoleon III surrendered as a prisoner, but after all, he did not have Baidu in hand for later generations, so naturally he would not know the specific process of the Franco-Prussian War, how long it was fought, and why France was defeated?

And this information is very important to the Empire.

Because the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 was the most important battle of the late nineteenth century. The total number of troops participating in the war on both sides has reached more than one million, and it is more mature than the weapons application and tactical mode of the American Civil War and the Franco-Prussian War a few years ago, and is close to modernization.

First of all, it is very important to note that in the Franco-Prussian War, the Franco-Prussian armies were armed with breech-loading rifles and used skirmisher tactics, not as during the American Civil War, although both sides also used breech-loading rifles. But line tactics are still in vogue.

In addition, there is a very important innovation, that is, the large-scale application of rear-loading rifled field guns, in which the Prussian army took the lead in the large-scale application of steel breech-loading rifled guns. And with this, a huge artillery advantage was obtained.

In addition to the innovation of weapons, railways were also the main mode of transportation for the first time, with the movement of troops and the transportation of logistical supplies. are extremely dependent on railways and have had a very important impact. That is, in the large-scale land wars of later generations, the armies of both sides basically fought along the railway line. And the battle around the railway junction shows how important the railway was to the wars of later generations.

These were some of the changes in military technology in the Franco-Prussian War, and these changes were needed by the empire, so it was learned that the Franco-Prussian war broke out.

Lin Zhe personally ordered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to send relevant diplomatic personnel to the two countries, and sent military attachés to observe the two armies to collect detailed combat information between the two armies.

Lin Zhe paid so much attention to the Franco-Prussian War, not only because this war would have a profound impact and changes on the subsequent war model, but also because it was related to the subsequent changes in the European and global situation.

If history had not changed, after the victory of this war, the Kingdom of Prussia united with other German states to integrate into a unified 'German Empire', dominated the hegemony of the European continent, and embarked on the road of no return to challenge Britain's global hegemony, and finally lost.

It's too long ago not to say, Lin Zhe is concerned about the reunification of Germany, with the strong military strength and industrial capacity of the Germans, then they will inevitably need a broader industrial market and raw material sources, well, in other words, they need colonies.

But in this era, most of the world's colonies have been divided, and if the Germans want to compete for colonies, they will inevitably clash with traditional European powers such as Britain.

In this case, the more chaotic the continent, the greater the benefits for the empire.

Not to mention the rest, as long as Germany rises, they will inevitably develop their navy, and when the time comes, together with the French navy and the Russian navy, it will put more heavy pressure on the British Royal Navy, so that the British navy pressure on the Reich in the Pacific direction will be smaller.

After the Franco-Prussian War, Europe was basically a powder keg, and once it was detonated, it was the First World War.

In this international environment, there are many benefits for the empire.

After Europe was mired in frequent conflicts, the empire was able to obtain a development environment similar to that of the United States and Japan in history.

Thus, although the Franco-Prussian War seemed to take place on the distant continent of Europe, it was still a major event for the Empire.

Therefore, Lin Zhe immediately sent diplomats to have an in-depth understanding of the Franco-Prussian War, of course, it is not very likely that the empire wants to intervene in this war, not that the imperial royal army is not strong enough, not that the imperial royal navy's Chiyou-class battleships are not strong enough, but that the empire is too far away from Europe......

If Europe had been on the edge of the Empire, it would not have been too long, only a thousand kilometers, and the European continent would have been flattened by the Empire.

[It's about to be 515, I hope to continue to hit the 515 red envelope list, and the red envelope rain will be able to give back to readers and promotional works on May 15. A piece is also love, and it must be better! (To be continued.) )