Chapter 471: League of Nations

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After the end of the year-end meeting of Guanghua 17 years, the National Assembly of the Chinese Empire officially passed a huge economic stimulus package of 12 billion dragon coins, covering all walks of life in the empire and benefiting all citizens. Pen, fun, and www.biquge.info

At the same time, the Reichstag also approved a huge economic aid package of six billion dragon dollars in loans to Europe. Among them, Britain borrowed 1 billion, France borrowed 2.5 billion, Germany borrowed 1.5 billion, Italy borrowed 300 million, and the remaining 800 million dragon coins were obtained by Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Poland, Turkey and other countries.

By providing loans to Europe, the Chinese Empire will earn high interest returns on loans on the one hand, and on the other hand, European countries will use this huge loan to import essential materials from the Chinese Empire, thereby stimulating the production and export of industrial products of the Chinese Empire and driving the economic development of the Chinese Empire. At the same time, the dragon coin of the Chinese Empire was able to enter the European market extensively, becoming the only strong currency in Europe, expanding the influence of the dragon coin.

But most importantly, by lending money to Europe, the Chinese Empire held the golden weapon in its hands, which was tantamount to choking the financial lifeblood of these countries and making them subject to the Chinese Empire. It played a very important role in the future political and economic decision-making of the Chinese Empire in Europe.

The European countries were naturally overjoyed to receive the huge loans of the Chinese Empire, but there was one more important thing before them, that is, the problem of large-scale armaments left over from the world war.

After the baptism of world war, Europe's panic about war was very strong, especially France, which was most persecuted by the war, and it can be said that war was hated to the point of deep hatred.

Under this premise, the issue of armaments in European countries has become the focus of the people, and the calls for disarmament and an end to the arms race have even outnumbered the protests against inflation.

All the countries of Europe were dragged down by the war, and after the war, the millions of military expenditures, the maintenance and maintenance of armaments, and the huge war pensions in each country dragged down the finances of the countries, and disarmament was an urgent matter.

However, none of the countries dared to take the lead in disarmament for fear of being suddenly attacked by the enemy after disarmament, because none of them could afford to pay the necessary start-up funds to relaunch the general mobilization plan for war.

Countries are once again coming together to negotiate on disarmament issues, but they do not trust each other very much. In particular, Germany was very distrustful of France, and it was reported that the French General Staff had a plan to recover Alsace and Lorraine, and even planned to send troops to capture the Ruhr industrial region in Germany. And France did not dare to disarm easily, because the French team had been defeated by the German army during the war, and there were many cases of refusal of officers and soldiers to fight.

For Britain, Britain wants to maintain a strong navy and keep the last honor of the empire on which the sun never sets, so the super warships built during the war have no intention of stopping, and the British Royal Navy is clamoring to surpass the Chinese Imperial Navy and regain the throne of the world's first naval power. Since the victory of the German High Seas Fleet in the Battle of Jutland, the arrogance of the German Navy has also risen a lot, as the first naval power in Europe after the war, the German Navy is reluctant to disarm, and even asked the parliament to allocate funds to keep the super warships under construction in the shipyard.

The same problem arose in Italy, which was annoyed by the failure of the Allies to deliver on their pre-war commitments to Italy, and after the British navy was crushed by the German navy, Italy targeted Britain's overseas colonies, especially South Africa. Therefore, the Italian Navy also does not want to disarm.

Countries have their own problems, but they all have to face the same problem, that is, lack of money. The huge loan borrowed from the Chinese Empire was only enough to cover the current financial expenditure, but if it was not disarmed, it would soon be consumed.

And countries had to face domestic anti-war pressure, as well as the red threat from Soviet Russia, so governments were caught in a dilemma.

At this time, the Chinese Empire saw the opportunity to intervene in European affairs by taking the opportunity of economic aid to Europe.

On New Year's Day in 191 AD, Wang Chenhao, the emperor of the Chinese Empire, put forward the "Eight-Point Peace Principle" in his New Year's message to colleagues at home and abroad and internationals, of which the seventh point was aimed at the citizens of European countries. In the last point, Wang Chenhao called on all countries in the world to form an international joint organization, and all countries should guarantee each other's political independence and territorial integrity.

As the only powerful country after the World War, and as the real emperor of this powerful country, Wang Chenhao's every word shook the nerve endings of all countries in the world. Governments immediately conducted an in-depth analysis of Wang's New Year's Day speech, understood its implications, and speculated about the next move and intentions of the Chinese Empire.

Obviously, Wang Chenhao's proposal to set up an international joint organization has been pursued by politicians of various countries, who believe that it is a solution to the problem of disarmament and economic cooperation that cannot be reached by various countries at present. And the people in the West who have experienced the world war have a deep hatred for war, and the high anti-war voice coincides with Wang Chenhao's speech.

For a time, Wang Chenhao became a leader who loved peace and resolutely opposed war in the eyes of the people of the world, and Wang Chenhao's speech received strong support from governments and people around the world.

Thus, the establishment of the League of Nations for the peaceful settlement of international disputes was foreseen.

On February 5, 191 A.D., representatives from 34 countries around the world gathered at the Bund Peace Hotel, and after two months of discussions, under the manipulation of the Chinese Empire, a drafting committee headed by Wu Tingfang drafted the "League of Nations Covenant VFGFI". Although the Chinese Empire strongly supported the League of Nations, the inconclusive end of the world war led to the fact that the contradictions between the Entente and the Allied bloc were not resolved at all, and it was difficult for the two sides to reach an agreement without a common topic. Eventually, the Chinese Empire relented and allowed the Allies and Entente to include an article against the Comintern in the League of Nations Covenant. This is because only by including the provisions of the International Industry and Industry, which is agreed upon by all the countries of the world, can the countries be united within the framework of the League of Nations. i

However, it was the accession of this clause that laid a hidden danger for the League of Nations, and the later Nazi countries, in order to avoid the sanctions and obstruction of the League of Nations, successfully bypassed the League of Nations organization and launched a war of aggression under the banner of the International League, and the countries of the League of Nations were also deceived by the lies of the League of Nations and adopted a policy of appeasement, which eventually led to the rise of the Nazi state.

Although there are hidden dangers, as far as the current international situation is concerned, it is the right choice to be able to establish an international alliance.

The League of Nations has 34 member countries, and the Supreme Council of the League of Nations is composed of five permanent members: the Chinese Empire, Britain, France, Germany, and Italy. All members of the League of Nations shall have the right to be represented by up to three representatives, each of whom shall have one vote. Resolutions of the General Assembly shall be adopted unanimously except as otherwise provided for in the Covenant. But the five permanent members have a veto. The General Assembly has the power to deal with "any matter which falls within the scope of the action of the League or which is related to world peace". It is worth mentioning that the League of Nations recognized Kolchak's White Army Government as the legitimate government, and the entry into the League of Nations on behalf of Russia provided a legal basis for the European intervention forces that were invading Soviet Russia.

The purpose of the League of Nations is to safeguard international peace and promote international cooperation. The Covenant provides for the guarantee of the territorial integrity and political independence of Member States through measures such as collective security, disarmament and the peaceful settlement of international disputes, as well as the imposition of economic sanctions against violators. The League of Nations also followed and assisted in addressing issues such as health, intellectual property exchanges, the slave trade, the opium trade, refugees and women's rights at the international level.

The main organs of the League of Nations are the Assembly of the League of Nations, the Executive Yuan, the Secretariat and the International Permanent Court. The official languages of the League of Nations are Chinese, French, and English. Chinese was selected first mainly because of the largest number of people on the part of the Chinese Empire, for which the Chinese Empire even promised to promote official Chinese education in the subject countries and overseas territories of the Chinese Empire, so other countries had to agree to it due to the political pressure of the Chinese Empire.

The congress also proposed the formation of a coalition force directly under the League of Nations to intervene in incidents that violated the League of Nations' code of conduct. However, the formation of a coalition army was only wishful thinking on the part of the Chinese Empire, and the countries were in great financial difficulties and could not afford to maintain the coalition army, so the proposal was shelved.

On the question of choosing the location of the headquarters of the League of Nations, European countries proposed that the headquarters be located in Switzerland with an initial budget of $10 million, but none of the European countries could afford to pay for the construction of the headquarters of the League of Nations, and it suddenly became a big international laughing stock.

The Chinese Empire wanted to further control and influence the League of Nations, so it requested that its headquarters be located in Hai to facilitate the Chinese Empire's influence. Because of the strength of the Chinese Empire, the other small countries in the world did not dare to offend, and the finances of the European powers were in the hands of the Chinese Empire, so they agreed. In return, the Chinese Empire was to bear the cost of ten million dollars in the construction of the headquarters of the League of Nations.

The headquarters of the League of Nations is located in Hai, for this reason, the government of the Chinese Imperial Hai City set aside 40 square kilometers of land on the riverside side of Pudong Village on the north bank of the Huangpu River to establish a peace zone, invested 10 million dragon coins to build a 0-storey building on the other side of the Bund as the office building of the headquarters of the League of Nations, and planned a series of urban infrastructure around it. Although the Chinese Empire spent 10 million dragon coins to build the headquarters of the League of Nations, the money could not be spent in vain, and the Hai Municipal Government was also trying to use the influence of the League of Nations to expand the city's image and build Hai into an international metropolis, which was the cheapest money. A series of urban investments were built around the headquarters of the League of Nations, and a grand plan for a new urban area was launched. With the headquarters of the League of Nations stationed in Hai, the Chinese Imperial Government increased its efforts to build the sea and enhance the image of the sea, and the major businessmen at home and abroad were optimistic about the future appreciation potential of the sea, and they poured in to invest, and for a time, the speed of urban construction and development of the sea surpassed that of Tianjin for the first time since 195 years. It wasn't until many years later that an international economist lamented when he traveled to Shanghai: "If the European politicians of those days knew that because they were stingy and unwilling to pay money, the Chinese empire would have paid 10 million US dollars in exchange for a huge return of 10 trillion US dollars, they would definitely vomit blood in anger." ”

After the matter of Hai as the headquarters of the League of Nations was decided, the Chinese Empire began to prepare for it as quickly as possible. Before the headquarters of the League of Nations in the Hague was completed and put into use, the officers of the League of Nations temporarily conducted official business at the Hague International.

The founding of the League of Nations is a great thing for the people of the world to celebrate. Because the first thing that the League of Nations did after its establishment was the great disarmament of the member states.

Actual disarmament is only a compromise and concession between major countries, and the reduction or disarmament of small countries will not affect the overall international situation. The League of Nations' core mandate, therefore, is to promote disarmament agreements among the five permanent members.

On March 19, 191 A.D., the five permanent members of the Chinese Empire, Britain, Germany, France and Italy unanimously adopted a disarmament agreement, and the other member states also agreed to carry out their own domestic disarmament plans in accordance with the reduction ratio of the five major powers, and the League of Nations would not intervene unless necessary.

After dozens of joint conferences and 100 closed-door meetings, the five permanent members of the Council have reached a disarmament ratio.

In terms of land, the Chinese Empire was allowed to retain 1.5 million standing armies, the French army from 5.6 million to 500,000 as standing armies, the German army from 3.4 million to 400,000, Italy from 2.9 million to 300,000, and Britain from 2.1 million to 100,000 during the war.

More than 30 other member states have also successively introduced their own disarmament programmes in accordance with the amount of disarmament of the major powers. After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the total strength of Austria and Hungary was only 200,000, and the Ottoman Turkish Empire was without the confrontation between Tsarist Russia and Austria-Hungary, the military pressure was greatly reduced, and the standing army also dropped from 3.7 million during the war to 600,000. In the Balkans, with the exception of Greece and Bulgaria, which continue to maintain a standing army of 100,000, no other country has more than 50,000 troops.

The most special is Japan, which was divided into three countries by the Chinese Empire, known internationally as East Japan, West Japan, and North Japan. Among them, western Japan was under the de facto control of King Taisho, which was supported by the Chinese Empire, eastern Japan was presided over by King Nohisa, and northern Japan was ruled by King Blahito. Since East Japan and North Japan had not yet joined the League of Nations, there was no requirement for the disarmament of Western Japan. The 500,000 troops of Western Japan and the 100,000 troops of the Chinese Empire were the combined forces of North Japan and East Japan, which just maintained the three-kingdom situation that the Chinese Empire was happy to see.

The United States also joined the League of Nations after its defeat in order to seek international help, but because the American Army was suppressed by the Chinese Empire, its proposal to cancel the Self-Defense Forces and restore the army was not approved by the League of Nations. However, the United States was very worried about the Mexican Army's maintenance of a standing army, and the United States requested the League of Nations to expand the strength of the US Army Self-Defense Force to 200,000. Britain and France felt very sorry for the United States, so they interceded on behalf of the United States, but the Chinese empire neither agreed nor objected, and acquiesced to the fact that the US Army Self-Defense Force had been expanded to 200,000.

Of course, there are also deep strategic implications for the Chinese empire to do so. The Chinese Empire created considerable contradictions between the United States and Mexico in the New York Peace Treaty, and with the withdrawal of the main forces of the Chinese Empire from the United States, the threat to the United States was Mexico. The conflict between the United States and Mexico is a matter of time, and the Chinese Empire is very confident in this, so in order to exacerbate the conflict between the United States and Mexico, and also to contain the rise of Mexico and the revival of the United States at the same time, the Chinese Empire will give these two countries eye drops from time to time.

In Eastern Europe and West Asia, because the League of Nations was aimed at Soviet Russia, it did not require the reduction of the military strength of the countries surrounding Soviet Russia, for example, the number of Polish troops increased instead of decreasing, and various countries provided weapons and ammunition to Poland to support Poland and instruct Polish troops to invade Soviet Russia. And the Tsarist Russian White Army still exceeded one million, and the Soviet army was facing a life-and-death crisis.

After the conclusion of the major disarmament agreement of the army units of each country, the League of Nations sent commissioners to supervise and inspect it. The Commissioners are made up of representatives from various countries, so governments are reassured.

As far as countries are concerned, when the land forces are reduced, they basically have more than half of their hearts. The remaining issue is the reduction of the Navy.

However, for the time being, the countries cannot agree on the issue of reducing their navies.

First of all, the Imperial Chinese Navy, as the most powerful naval force in the world, far surpasses other countries in terms of the number of capital ships, tonnage, and firepower. In the case of a proportional reduction, a reduction of other countries to zero would not be effective in limiting the naval power of the Chinese Empire, and the Chinese Empire refused to unilaterally reduce it, because each of the capital ships of the Chinese Empire was expensive, and even the cost of dismantling it was astronomical.

The second was the British, who at this time could not afford to build more capital warships, but demanded the same number of warships, tonnage and firepower ratio as the Chinese Empire, which was obviously unacceptable to the Chinese Empire. After Germany won the Battle of Jutland, it was also ambitious, and did not dare to directly propose to be equal to the Chinese Imperial Navy, but it resisted Britain to the death and demanded that the navy maintain the same level as the British Navy, which was actually equivalent to being on par with the Chinese Imperial Navy. In the same way, the German Navy did not have the money to build large capital ships, and it was empty talk, as if it was standing in a pit and not. Although France has no intention of competing for the first position in the world's navy, it is very wary of Germany, and the German navy is consistent with the British navy, which is obviously not a fact acceptable to the French navy, so the French navy does not agree. The Italian navy is the weakest, but Italy is surrounded by the sea on three sides, and the navy is related to national defense and security. At this time, Italy had already regretted joining the Entente camp, did not get what it wanted, and if it had joined the Central Powers, it might have been the victor now. As a result, Italy began to ease relations with Germany and supported its proposals.

The navies of the five countries could not reach an agreement, and the issue of naval disarmament was temporarily shelved, but all countries expressed their willingness to continue the talks.