It is inevitable that various political parties in post-war Japan will be involved in the following plots, so here is a brief introduction!

The Socialist Party (Japan's first post-war political party)

Founded: November 2, 1945

Political program: political democracy, economic socialism, international pacifism

Main Leaders: Tetsu Katayama - Secretary General, Nagasaburo Mizutani - Chairman of the General Affairs Committee, Rizo Hirano - Director of Election Countermeasures, Suehiro Nishio

Overview: The nature of this party is center-left. The three major schools of thought, the leftists Shigezaburo Suzuki and Kanju Kato, advocated "tolerance of the Communist Party", and the centrist Tetsu Katayama and Suehiro Nishio took a right-wing position, but they opposed the military department; The rightist Jotaro Kawagami supported the war of aggression.

Nishio Suehiro used his power to fuse these three factions, and for a while, the party was the strongest in Japan.

However, because of the gathering of the three factions, the contradictions within the party began from the day the party was founded, no, before the party was founded. Some people advocated that the party should be called the Socialist Party, and some people advocated that it should be called the Social Democratic Party, but neither side would listen to the other, and the deadlock had no choice but to vote. So the result was even more spoofed, the Japanese name of the party, the "Socialist Party" won by one vote, but the English name was "Socialdemocratic party of Japan" (Japanese Social Democratic Party).

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Liberal Party (the most powerful party)

Founded: November 9, 1945

Political program: Implement the Potsdam Declaration, eradicate the elements of militarism, and build a new Japan in accordance with the general principles of the world. Respect for human rights, the advancement of women, and the vigorous promotion of social policies for a stable life, while emphasizing the preservation of the national system and the anti-public salvation of the country.

Main Leaders: Ichiro Hatoyama - Founder, Takeyoshi Miki - Chairman of the General Affairs Committee, Ichiro Wano - Secretary-General, Zhanzan Ishibashi, Kojiro Ishii.

Overview: The predecessor of the Liberal Party was the "Friendship Association", a consultative group formed by members of the Hatoyama Ichiro faction in the pre-war political friendship association to oppose Hideki Tojo, and these people were the first to start preparations for the establishment of a new party even after the end of the war.

In real history, Kodama Yushio donated the 70 million yuan he plundered in China to the party as political funds, with the purpose of "maintaining the emperor system". And Hatoyama Ichiro also publicly pledged at the inaugural meeting: to maintain the emperor system; struggle against the dictatorship of the proletariat; Maintain the system of private property.

In the Liberal Party, Ichiro Hatoyama and Takeshi Miki were originally rivals, but because they were both persecuted by Hideki Tojo during World War II, they agreed to support each other when Higashiyama made a comeback. After the oath, the two broke up, Hatoyama lived in seclusion in Karuizawa, and Miki lived in seclusion in Shikoku Takamatsu. In September '45, Miki went to Tokyo alone to support Ichiro Wano, who was also in seclusion in Karuizawa, as secretary-general, and he soon rose to the position of chairman of the general affairs committee, so the center of the Liberal Party was controlled by him. However, this does not affect Hatoyama Ichiro's position, which is a foreign party and does not have Chinese characteristics.

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Progressive Party (the most divided party)

Founded: November 16, 1945

Political program: There is no program, we are just for power!

Main leaders: Machida Tadaharu - President, Ken Inukai - President of General Affairs, Fumiro Konoe

Overview: A group of people were members of the "Great Japan Political Association", the imperial political party during World War II, and after the end of the war, the party was disbanded, but these people were not reconciled, so they became entangled and formed the Progressive Party.

Who is the president? Everyone wanted to be it, so everyone started the competition, and the conditions for participation were as follows: first of all, it must be accepted by the allies; secondly, to have qualifications; Finally, see who can raise the most money.

The first two are nonsense, these people have enough qualifications, and those who offend the allies are stuffed into Sugamo, so a group of people began to compete with anyone who could get more money.

Machida Tadaji is lucky, his subordinates turned out to be consultants of Tanaka Civil Construction Company, who is the boss of Tanaka Civil Construction, Tanaka Kakuei! This kid has just made a fortune by building a munitions factory in North Korea. The adviser came to him and said, "Boss Tanaka, my master said that as long as you can get money, you kid will be elected as a councilor." ”

When Tanaka heard this, he was happy, saying that if he has money, he can become an official, then good, I will pay 3 million! So Machida Tadaji got the most money and became the president. But what about Tanaka, in the election a few months later, this guy didn't understand the Constitution, didn't understand rights and duties, and could only ride a bicycle and shout: "Ah! The hot-blooded youth is calling! As a result, after the election results came out, Tanaka, who spent 3 million, ranked 11th, and his name fell to Sun Shan!

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Synergy Party (the most earthy party)

Founded: December 18, 1945

Political program: the pursuit of middle-way politics that is neither capitalist nor socialist

Main leaders: Kotaro Chigoshi, Chief Kurosawa (we are all big bosses, there are no leaders, they are famous)

Overview: The members of this party are all related to the countryside, Kotaro Chigoshi is the founder of the Japanese Agricultural Cooperative, and Kurosawa Chiefazo is the leader of the Japanese Dairy Farmers Association, and the so-called dairy farmers are cheese animal husbandry, which shows the earthy flavor of this party.

This party is center-left in nature, advocating the preservation of imperial unity, but it also demands the establishment of a democratic political system and the breaking of all feudal factors, including the monopoly of capital, and seems to want to imitate the British constitutional monarchy.

Japan** was founded on July 15, 1922, and joined the Third International in December of the same year.

Japan** was established under the condition that the Japanese government declared it illegal, and in 1923 it was reported by the relevant units, and it was dissolved in 1924. It was re-established in 1926 and advocated a two-stage revolution of socialism and democracy, with the goals of "abolishing the absolute emperor system" and "realizing national sovereignty." It was banned again in 1928, and many important leaders such as Tokuda Koichi were arrested, and it was dissolved again in 1935; It was not until August 15, 1945, when Japan was defeated and surrendered, that it was legalized. In December of the same year, the Japanese Communist Party convened its Fourth Party Congress, which formulated the Party's program of action and the Party Constitution, and put forward the slogan of abolishing the emperor system and establishing a people's republic. Koichi Tokuda was elected general secretary. In February 1946, the Fifth National Congress was held, and the theory of "peaceful revolution" was proposed, believing that under the occupation of the US army, the transition to socialism could be made in a peaceful and democratic way. In January 1950, the Intelligence Bureau of the ** and Workers' Party publicly criticized this theory, causing differences of opinion within the Japanese Communist Party and leading to a split. In June of the same year, the U.S. occupation forces ordered the Japanese Communist Party's Red Banner Newspaper to cease publication and banned the political activities of all members of the Central Committee of the Japanese Communist Party. In October 1951, the faction headed by Koichi Tokuda convened the Fifth National Council and adopted the "Five-Year Program" and the guidelines for armed struggle. In July 1955, the two sides of the split jointly convened the Sixth National Council, which criticized the mistakes of the division period and elected a unified Central Committee, which basically ended the state of division. In 1958, the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China was convened, at which it was decided to abolish the "May 1 Program" and adopted a new party constitution and put it forward

A new draft programme was introduced, and the line of independence and autonomy was established. Nosaka was elected chairman, and Miyamoto was appointed general secretary. In July 1970, the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward five policies for the establishment of a "democratic coalition government". In July 1976, the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of China decided to change "Marxism-Leninism" to "scientific socialism" in the party's program and constitution. Replace the words "dictatorship of the proletariat" with the words "power of the working class". Since the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of Japan, the Japanese Communist Party has waged a constant struggle against the Japan-US Security Treaty for independence, democracy, peace, and the improvement of people's lives. The party advocates the legitimate, democratic establishment of a coalition government by holding a majority of seats in the National Assembly, followed by a transition to socialism. The highest organ of power of the Japanese Communist Party is the Party Congress, which elects the Central Committee. At the time of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in July 1990, there were 490,000 party members. The newspaper of the central organ is "Red Banner Daily" (daily newspaper); The theoretical journal is "Avant-garde" (monthly).

In 1946, Japan won five seats in the House of Representatives in its first election. By the 1949 election, Japan** had grown to 39 seats; However, because Japan** advocated armed struggle, it was banned in 1952, and the line of armed struggle also caused Japan** to lose all seats in the Diet. It was not until 1956, when Kenji Miyamoto served as chairman of the committee that the return to legitimacy was gradually restored, and the number of seats increased to 41 in 1979, which was the largest number of seats in the House of Representatives since the founding of the Japanese party. At one time, Japan had a plan to cooperate with the Socialist Party of Japan, but it was not achieved; Japan** has also been isolated, and political party consultations in the Diet tend to exclude Japan**.

After the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, Japan** did not join the coalition government, and the strength of the political party did not expand; Moreover, after Japan changed its electoral system to a single-constituency two-vote system, Japan** is less likely to win seats in a single constituency; In addition, the changes in the international situation around Japan have made it more difficult for Japan to win votes. Japan** has only nine members of the House of Representatives and six members of the House of Councillors, as well as 4,000 local councillors and 10 heads of local governments.

In 2008, due to the economic crisis and the massive reduction of temporary workers, ** is gradually recovering in Japan. According to Japan**, party membership increased by 14,000 in a year, with an average increase of more than 1,000 per month. In an Okinawa prefectural assembly election, Japan** also became the first opposition party. Japan's "Oriental Times" said that the readership of the Japanese Communist Party's organ "Red Flag Daily" has also increased by 18,000 in just half a year. There are 404,000 party members in Japan.

The Japanese Communist Party was founded in July 1922, but it is now the oldest of all political parties in Japan. Since its founding, the Japanese Communist Party has been working hard to oppose the big landlord and chaebol politics in Japan at that time, oppose Japanese militarism, and oppose the war, so it has always been illegal before the war.

The general secretary of the Japanese Communist Party, Tokuda Koichi, had been in prison for 18 years since 1928, while another leader, Nosaka Sanzo, had to go away, spending most of the war years in caves in Yan'an, until MacArthur occupied Japan, the Japanese Communist Party became a legal party, and in the first post-war election in 1946, it also won five seats, and by the 1949 general election, the Japanese Communist Party had increased to 35 seats.

But this caused a conflict between the Japanese Communist Party and Stalin, and on January 6, 1950, the Intelligence Bureau of the ** and the Workers' Party suddenly published an essay "On the Situation in Japan", which began to criticize the "right-leaning capitulationism" and "parliamentary struggle" line of the Japanese Communist Party leaders. What is not a single disaster is that on June 25, when the Korean War broke out, MacArthur did not care about the internal struggle, thinking that since the Korean War was being fought, the Japanese Communist Party must be the fifth column, so he turned his face with the Japanese Communist Party, stripped the Japanese Communist Party leaders of their public posts, and implemented preventive arrests. That is to say, although there is no real evidence that you have been caught committing a crime, in order to prevent you from committing a crime, we will arrest you first. In 1952, a "Law on the Prevention and Control of Sabotage Activities" was enacted to deal specifically with the Japanese Communist Party. At this time, Nosaka Sanzo and Tokuda Koichi can only go to China again.

Koichi Tokuda later died in Beijing on October 14, 1953. Two years later, on September 13, 1955, a large memorial service was held in Beijing attended by 30,000 people, and the chief priest personally inscribed "Comrade Tokuda Koichi is immortal".

The restrictions on the Japanese Communist Party were not lifted until the signing of the San Francisco Peace Treaty in 1955 after Japan gained independence, and the Japanese Communist Party once again abandoned the military policy imposed on them by Stalin and confirmed the program of action of "parliamentary struggle", so that Khrushchev's criticism of Stalin in 1956 and the Hungarian incident did not bring any great difficulties to the Japanese Communist Party, and the fact that the Japanese Communist Party was attacked by Stalin proved the foresight of the Japanese Communist Party.

First, the Japanese Communist Party has been suppressed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union for a long time, and secondly, the Japanese Communist Party has always had a close relationship with the Communist Party of China and the Soviet Union in history, so when there were contradictions and conflicts between the Chinese and Soviet parties, the Japanese Communist Party naturally stood on the side of the Communist Party of Japan. Around 1964 was the best period of Sino-Japanese relations, when there was a craze for learning Chinese among the members of the Japanese Communist Party, and even popular to use Chinese to read their names, but two years later, this best friend actually became one of the "four enemies".

In July 1966, ** made it clear in a speech that there were four enemies, "modern revisionism in the Soviet Union, American imperialism, the revisionist clique of Kenji Miyamoto and the reactionary cabinet of Eisaku Sato." The reason behind this is that the speaker of the Japanese Communist Party, Kenji Miyamoto, who visited China in March 1966, rejected the request made by the Japanese Communist Party in Shanghai to explicitly support the Japanese Communist Party in the Sino-Soviet polemic. In this way, the Japanese Communist Party became a more dangerous enemy than the Soviet Union and the United States, and even more dangerous than the cabinet of Sato Eisaku, who was hostile to China. Relations between China and Japan became very tense, and in August, the Japanese Communist Party withdrew its representative to China and the correspondent of the Red Flag newspaper from Beijing, but the representative of the Japanese Communist Party in China and the correspondent of the Red Flag newspaper in China were besieged by Red Guards at the capital airport and beaten and seriously injured, so that the relationship between the two parties was completely severed.

The same is true on the Korean issue, after the beginning of China's "special period", the Japanese Communist Party also stopped its contacts with the DPRK, and after the doubts about the abduction of Japanese citizens by North Korea surfaced, the Social Democratic Party and the Democratic Party of Korea, which have blood ties with the Socialist Party that has always supported the improvement of relations with North Korea, have been passive on many occasions, but Japan**, which has supported the investigation of the North Korean kidnapping incident from the beginning, has nothing to do with this matter.

The Japanese Communist Party not only took an anti-war stance in Japan's war of aggression against China and the Pacific War, but also adhered to this stance in its post-war political activities, starting with its opposition to the Korean War and the Vietnam War in the past to opposing the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq in the 21 st century, opposing both the wars masterminded by the United States and the wars planned by the Soviet Union or the Russian Federation.

Why has Japan** been able to consistently take the right stance on major issues? He has served as the secretary, chairman, and speaker of the Japanese Communist Party for a long time, and the memoirs of the third generation of Japan's ** leaders after Tokuda Koichi and Miyamoto Kenji Bu Po Zhe published three days ago, "The Testimony of the Times", may be able to provide some answers.

Tetsuzo Bupo is a very typical Japanese aristocrat who entered the University of Tokyo after a high school, but this elite who participated in the ** at the age of 16 finally refused the invitation of the mainstream society and worked in the **, and was elected as a member of the House of Representatives for 11 consecutive times. An important feature that distinguishes the Japanese Communist Party from other ** is that the leadership of the Japanese Communist Party has always been composed of intellectual elites, the secretary of the Japanese Communist Party, Kazuo Shibi, is a graduate of the University of Tokyo, and the early leaders of the Japanese Communist Party, such as Hajime Kawagami and Miyamoto Kenji, are also graduates of the Tokyo Imperial University. The origin of this phenomenon is because the original Tokyo Imperial University was a special zone where even the ultra-high police could not intervene, and even in wartime, the Tokyo Imperial University could still openly study Marxism, so the graduates of the Tokyo Imperial University were somewhat left-leaning, at least they were no strangers to Marxism, and it was natural for them to send out a few ** members.

In addition to his own experience, Tetsuzo Bupo's memoirs have a lot of very valuable information, he is one of the few people who is still alive who has seen **, and he is the witness of the famous Miyamoto Kenji to ** "no" meeting.

Since then, the international situation has been changing, Nixon and Tanaka Kakuei's visits to China have made the United States and Japanese governments no longer enemies of China, and Chinese leaders have taken a series of measures to ease tensions between China and the Soviet Union, but until 1997, one of China's four major enemies, Japan** still wears the crown of "enemy".

In fact, as early as 1985, the Japanese Communist Party expressed a proposal to Japan through Romania to restore relations, but the Japanese Communist Party refused to give in and insisted on admitting its mistake and suspending its ties with the anti-Japanese Communist organizations. It was not until the end of 1997 that Dai Bingguo, director of the Department of International Liaison Affairs, explicitly took "normalization of relations between the two parties of China and Japan" as one of his tasks in 1998 in an interview with a reporter from the People's Daily.

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