The fan is a practical thing, with its thinness and large area, which can be used to fan the wind to cool down. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 ｉｎｆｏ\\。 qВ5, \\ Ancient China has always had the tradition of decorating daily utensils, so there are carvings on the fan handle and fan bones, and calligraphy and painting are added on the front and back of the fan surface. In the early days, most of the carving paintings and calligraphy were completed by ordinary craftsmen, and gradually all kinds of talented and imaginative artists also participated, and the fan also evolved into a work of art with practical functions, so that people suddenly had the heart of envy and the meaning of treasure, and became a major category of later collections.

The origin of the fan in ancient China was very early, and there was a prototype of the fan in the Shang Dynasty.

There are many types of ancient fans, but only two types of fans are really favored by collectors in later generations.

The group fan was produced much earlier than the folding fan, because the shape of the reunion like the moon is dark and auspicious to the Chinese, also known as the "Hehuan fan". Because it is made of silk fabric, it is also called "fan" or "Luo fan". Moreover, because of the famous sentence in the Tang Dynasty Wang Jian's "Laughing Order", "the fan is a fan, and the beauty comes to cover the face", it has produced the nicknames of "side", "convenient face" and "obstacle face".

But it was the Tang Dynasty Wang Jian's "Laughing Order" that made the group fan into a beauty fan used by women, causing the group fan to become a special thing for beauties, and the man used the group fan, which was known as Longyang, so that the folding fan appeared.

The folding fan is a "folding fan", also known as a "polyhead fan". The folding fan is folded when it is closed, and it is spread out when it is used, so it is also called "scattering fan". Although the folding fan was created relatively late, its importance is extremely great. It is easy to carry, in and out of the sleeve, the fan calligraphy and painting, the fan bone carving, is the pet of the literati, so it has the alias of "the sleeve of the elegant thing".

The Ming Dynasty was the beginning of the popularity of folding fans, which may be due to the advocacy of Ming Chengzu during the Yongle period. There are many folding fans in the tombs of the feudal kings of the Ming Dynasty in modern times, which can be corroborated with the above records. Folding fan production is distributed throughout the country, famous for the name of the local celebrities are Hangzhou fan, Cao fan, Sichuan fan, She fan, Yi fan, Pan fan, square fan, yellow fan, Qingyang fan, Liyang song fan, Fengrun painting fan, Wuling yarn fan, Jinling Liu's fan, Yin's paper wheat fan, Wu fan and many other names, there are also spring fans, autumn fans and boot fans and other varieties with functional uses. The production of fan surface is becoming more and more sophisticated, and each has its own famous artist; Fan calligraphy and painting were widely popular and recognized among literati and scholars.

The Qing Dynasty was the period of the Great Exhibition of Chinese Folding Fans. Fan was used more frequently among civilian officials. The fan is not only a tool used to enjoy the breeze, nor is it only a work of art, it has become a symbol of status and interest, and a prop for their social role. Not only in summer, but also in the season when the weather is cool, holding a fan, opening and closing, or wearing it, or hiding it in the sleeve, all have the meaning of personality expression and emotional exchange. Not only literati, not only men used folding fans. From the mainstream of literati calligraphy and painting fans, there are typical craft fans such as black paper fans, Youjian fans and drama fans, as well as women's rice fans. From the fan itself, there are attached handicrafts such as fan bags, fan pendants and fan boxes. The fan also spread from China to other parts of the world, especially Europe. During the Qianlong period, merchants in Guangzhou specialized in the production of ivory folding fans adapted to the tastes and hobbies of European noblewomen. The folding fan has become a symbol of Chinese culture and a messenger of cultural exchanges with the world.

During the Republic of China, the folding fan maintained its importance in Chinese art and life, but there was nothing out of its predecessors, and the innovation worth mentioning was the collection fan. Prior to this, although there were many people who collaborated on the same fan or wrote their own signed fans in sections, the collection fan divided the fan space in different ways, and then multiple calligraphers and painters wrote and painted separately. Starting with a minimum duo and ending with a dozen or so collaborations, it's truly refreshing.

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Zhao Lei instigated Ouyang Xiu and Fan Zhongyan and other influential literary leaders to do the folding fan business, and he couldn't help but mention the private thoughts in his heart.

Although the folding fan is said to be widely promoted in China, its source is clear in the hands of the Japanese in later generations, the Japanese learned the production method of the group fan in the Tang Dynasty, and the folding fan was made clear hundreds of years later, but it was introduced and sinicized by the Chinese in the Ming Dynasty, becoming an integral part of Chinese culture.

Since Zhao Lei returned to the Northern Song Dynasty, he didn't want to fold the fan, an integral part of Chinese culture, or the Japanese Ming Chinese, so he decided to win over Ouyang Xiu and Fan Zhongdran and others, and take the lead in making the folding fan, so that the Japanese can continue to play the group fan!

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The spring rain wets the entire prosperous Bianjing, and the continuous oblique wind and drizzle have been continuous for three days, until today, and they have stopped.

The spring breeze blows, the drizzle disappears without a trace, the sky is like washing, thousands of miles are blue, a round of red sun flashes out, the golden light is everywhere, God will return a brilliant and gorgeous, flowery Bianjing City to the world again.

The Hulong River has changed, the green waves are shining, teasing the reflection of the willows on both sides; The Bianhe, Caihe, Wuzhang River, and Jinshui River woke up, and the boatmen's horns agitated the white sails one after another;

The royal street in front of Xuande Gate is boiling, this street from Xuande Gate to Nanxun Gate is ten miles long, and the width is 220 steps, which is not only the only way for the emperor to drive Luan, enter and exit the Lu book, and the envoys of various countries to see it, but also the symbol of the prosperity and strength of the Great Song Dynasty. On both sides of Yujie Avenue, there are two ribbon-shaped rivers with a width of five zhang, and the jade banks are shining. The lotus in the water, the green in spring, and the intoxicating fragrance of flowers in summer and autumn. On both sides of the ribbon river, peaches, pears, plums, apricots are planted, strange and violent, red and white, such as snow and fire.

On both sides of the royal street, the flow of people is like a tide, and all kinds of people are competing for magical powers. Merchants trade to make money, lovers fall in love, dignitaries take prostitutes to spring, literati enjoy flowers and seek poetry, post houses hold signs to attract customers, restaurants buy fame with wine, geisha make love and sell voices, prodigal sons hang out, spy on the wind, princes look for flowers and ask willows, and ink writers sell paintings to make a living. On the river, light boats are rippling, the sound of the piano is lingering, and the singing is lingering; On the banks of the river, the crowd is bustling and noisy.

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The champion building is facing the surging water, clear to the bottom, the boat and sail are dressed, full of palace items pass by in a group, the scenery is beautiful and picturesque, the east is close to the Daxiangguo Temple Wan surname trading market, the left is the famous Mingyuezhou Bridge, the scenery and prosperity are in,

"Peach pear and plum apricot, lotus light boat, male song and female dance, brothel restaurant, Bianjing is prosperous like a dream!" In the wing room on the third floor of the Zhuangyuan Building, a sixty-year-old man sighed in the face of the prosperity of the Bianhe River.

In the wing room on the third floor of the champion building, the voices of people are boiling, and the three banquets are sitting, in addition to Zhao Lei, Wang Su and the four heroes of the Northern Song Dynasty, there are also young and old people of different ages, these people are the painters in the imperial court painting academy invited by Zhao Lei through Wang Su, Ouyang Xiu and Fan Zhongyan, as well as well-known folk painters, as well as famous calligraphers in Bianjing.

The reason why Zhao Lei and these people gathered together was naturally because of the financial plan of folding fans.

Just now in the window to the bustling Bianhe sighed white thin old man, named Xu Daoning, is a famous landscape painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, Chang'an, wild and uninhibited, alcoholic, painting landscapes.

Xu Daoning is weird, although the painting is extraordinary, but several times pushed away the official Zhao Zhen's will to invite him to be an official, he took out medicine at Duanmen in Bianjing, set up a table in public, bought medicine and sent paintings, so the quirks are famous in Bianjing, Xu Daoning is good at painting forests and wild horizontal scenery, and the mountains and rivers are dotted with mountain life such as fishing and traveling, which is quite distinctive.

"Jiajing and fine wine, these things are the most appetizing to Brother Daoning, no wonder Brother Daoning, who has always been lonely, actually came to the banquet, the old man thought that Brother Daoning was high and arrogant, and he would not go to anyone's banquet!" On the banquet, an old man with a ruddy face who was about the same age as Xu Daoning said sarcastically to Xu Daoning by the window.

This red-faced old man is a famous painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, his name is Fan Kuan, the word is neutral, Huayuan people, and he is also a famous landscape painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, "Snow Scene and Cold Forest", "Snow Mountain Xiao Temple", "Stream and Mountain Travel Map", "Linliu Sitting Alone", "Autumn Forest Waterfall Map", etc., are famous paintings through the ages, reflecting Fan Kuan's majestic artistic style.

In the Bianjing calligraphy and painting circles, Fan Kuan and Xu Daoning are a well-known pair of old enemies.

At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were serious differences in the Chinese landscape painting school, which was divided into the northern landscape painting school and the southern landscape painting school. Xu Daoning studied under Dong Yuan, the master of the southern feng shui painting school, and his works were plain and naïve, paying attention to truth and strangeness, and he looked down on the majestic style of the north, so he heard that after Fan Kuan served in the painting academy, he said that he did not want to be an official in the same dynasty as Fan Kuan.

"The old man doesn't want to go to the banquet, he just doesn't want to see some hypocritical people, the small dirt bag can be painted as Mount Tai, the small ditch can be painted as the long river, and it is embarrassing to say that the work is majestic as the style, the boss is not small, and he is not ashamed!" Hearing Fan Kuan's sarcastic words, Xu Daoning retorted with a sneer.

"You!" When Fan Kuan heard Xu Daoning's words, his face turned black with anger, and he rolled up his sleeves and prepared to step forward to fight Old Man Xu.

"That's it! You two old guys, both in your seventies and eighties, are actually angry here like children, so you are not afraid of other people's jokes! An old man with a low figure and a good spirit stood between Old Man Fan and Old Man Xu, and scolded the two of them loudly.

This old man is the only celebrity in this group of people who is qualified to mediate the grievances between Fan Kuan and Xu Daoning, and he is the famous painter Cui Bai and Cui Zixi of the Northern Song Dynasty.

Cui Zixi's qualifications in the Bianjing calligraphy and painting industry are older than Fan Kuan and Xu Daoning, and when he was young, he was a calligraphy and painting boss who had mixed with the two masters.

Cui Bai belongs to the Yellow School of the Northern Song Dynasty School, the Yellow School is also known as the "Huang Qian School", "Huang Family Fugui", has a high status in the history of Chinese flower and bird painting, Cui Bai was born in the Yellow School, loose temperament, on the basis of the Yellow School into their own creativity, the style of his works is wild and fun, bringing fresh air and nutrients to the court painting of the Northern Song Dynasty, is an out-and-out grandmaster-level boss, serving as the governor of the Imperial Court Painting Academy, is the leader of the Bianjing School of Painting.

The red-faced old man Fan Kuan and the thin old man Xu Daoning, when they saw Cui Bai coming out, both sat on the banquet, glared at each other angrily, and kept silent.

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