During the First World War, Austria-Hungary did not show what it should have been, and there were various complications. In fact, the empire was second only to Russia in terms of territory in Europe, larger than the Second German Reich, and had a huge population of 52 million that was only less than that of Russia and the Second German Reich. At the industrial level, Austria-Hungary produced 58 million tons of coal and 2.7 million tons of steel per year, which were comparable to those of France. However, with an oil output of 2.57 million tons, it is the largest oil producer in Europe, and its metallurgical and mechanical industrial capacity surpasses that of France in terms of output and manufacturing level, second only to Germany and Britain, and far higher than that of Tsarist Russia.

The Austro-Hungarian Army was second only to Germany in Europe in terms of equipment, had the most well-equipped artillery units in the world, and there was never a shortage of military talent. After the defeat in the Austro-Prussian War, the Austrians quickly learned from the experience of the Prussians and established their own general staff and a domestic war mobilization system.

The main problem facing the Austro-Hungarian Army was the complex ethnic composition, which led to a complex and somewhat chaotic command system.

The regular army of the Austro-Hungarian Army, which was under the banner of a dual monarchy, itself consisted of three parts: the Imperial Wehrmacht, the Royal and Royal Local Guards, and the Royal Hungarian Local Guards. According to Imperial law, with the exception of the Imperial Wehrmacht, the two local defense forces that formed the main part of the Imperial Army could not be moved freely within the Imperial Empire. This was a big problem, and in fact the Reich War Office could directly command the Reichwehr Forces, which were probably less than 300,000 men, and if they wanted to use the local defense forces, they had to obtain authorization from the local councils of Austria or Hungary.

Another major problem was that soldiers from more than 20 nationalities within the Reich were simply divided within the Reichswehr into more than 60 Austrian infantry regiments and 40 Hungarian infantry regiments, with the Austrian infantry regiments commanding in German and the Hungarian infantry regiments in Magyars, regardless of the ethnic structure of these units. This is no problem in peacetime, and the soldiers have undergone long-term and rigorous training, so that there will be no command failure due to language problems. But in wartime, not all of the new peasants could understand what their commanders were saying. German was better, and the intricate Magyars were a headache for Heldon, not to mention the Romanian, Croatian, Slovenian, Czech, and Polish peasants. In the Austrian infantry regiments, too, there was a problem of zài, where peasants from Bohemia, Poland and the Italian-speaking regions could not understand what the commander was saying, which led to the collapse of the entire chain of command.

This phenomenon was much better in the local defense forces, where the junior officers from the local territory were much more familiar with the language used by the soldiers, and this was the main reason why the Imperial Wehrmacht, as the main force, was even far inferior to the local defense forces on the battlefields of the European war.

A large part of this was due to the fear at the top that troops speaking the same national language were more likely to riot, and that the German and Magyar nobles, who had an absolute voice in parliament, were reluctant to allow other nationalities to share their power.

Another issue is the establishment of the Army.

The largest tactical unit establishment in the Imperial Army was at the regimental level, which was sufficient in the early days. However, with the rapid development of industrialization, regiment-level command units can no longer undertake a single tactical combat mission. In a major battle, the size of the troops invested by both warring sides is calculated in hundreds of thousands or even millions, and the infantry regiment with only 2,600 men is no longer able to undertake a single tactical task.

In this era of industrialization, the establishment of tactical basic units should be at least at the division level, and perhaps even at the army level.

Moreover, the establishment of the four units of the Austro-Hungarian Army was also too bloated, and although the Japanese's 2nd and 4th divisions were also a bit too large, the Austro-Hungarian Army was even worse than the Japanese. In fact, Clausewitz has already formulated a good explanation for basic tactics in "On War": In a future war, a basic tactical unit will have to undertake tasks in two directions, that is, the primary objective and the secondary objective, and a reserve unit must be ready to engage in the battle of the main objective at any time.

Although Li Haidon did not know these theories, it was natural for all countries in later generations to adopt this three-regiment, three-battalion, and three-company system for their army establishments. Lechelton expanded the basic tactical unit of the Imperial Army into infantry divisions, and adopted a three-battalion infantry regiment formation, which was rejected by Emperor Franz and the War Office.

The War Department's reasoning was that this increased the risk of prosecution, and the old emperor was also concerned about this. Moreover, the Emperor's influence on the army was limited, and the main power of the army was in the hands of the War Department and the General Staff, and the proposal of Lehedon to form separate Croatian-Slovenian, Czech, Tyrolean and Polish infantry divisions would undoubtedly weaken the control of the army by the Germans and Magyars, who also feared a so-called rebellion.

In fact, this is a bit too careful, and the loyalty of the noble officers of all nationalities, who have been trained over the years, is undoubtedly loyal to the Empire, and their loyalty to the Emperor sometimes exceeds that of the Germans. During the Vienna uprising, for example, the Croats protected the royal family and sent troops to quell the rebellion of the German Socialists in Vikwona. Another example is the Bolojevic family, who are ethnic Serbs, who have been loyally fighting the Serbs for the Empire for many years.

They will not be loyal to another people, but they will be loyal to the Empire.

Of course, the peasants who were temporarily conscripted did not have such an awareness.

The outcome of a war should not be based on the cobbled together forces of improvised mobilization, and indeed the same is true of the single nation-state, which is so low in combat effectiveness that it can hardly be used to increase the merits of the enemy. Even the brainwashed Japanese were no exception, and the combat effectiveness of the Imperial Army at the end of World War II and the troops at the beginning of the war of aggression against China was simply not comparable.

Building a well-trained and highly professional officer corps and army is fundamental.

Lehten's influence could not persuade the War Ministry and the Imperial Diet to change the size of the army, in fact, even Emperor Franz did not have the ability, let alone the mind.

He can only take advantage of loopholes. The Imperial Army was mired in a political whirlpool, and the slightest change would affect the interests of all parties, and the situation in Austria-Hungary was much more complicated. In contrast, the nascent Imperial Navy had the unique advantage of having a high degree of freedom and staying out of political struggles, although it was under the leadership of the War Department and its budget was also held hostage by the War Department and the Parliament.

That's a lot to be done.

The Imperial Navy's ports and bases had garrisons and garrisons of the Fortresses, which were nominally under the command of the Naval Command, but in practice the appointment of personnel at the Fortress Commands was managed by the Army's Military Administration. What Helton wanted to do was to increase the number of sailors on these garrisons and warships, and before that, of course, he needed to take back the personnel rights of these troops.

This is not easy to do, since they are currently under his command, and as the garrison grows, the commanders will have a much more chance of promotion.

Heldon's idea was to create a Marine Corps, but how to organize it was a problem, and he used a common formation in later generations, the Marine Brigade. When he thought of this term, Lee couldn't help but think that the U.S. Marine Corps also adopted the term when it was first formed out of fear of opposition from the Army, and perhaps they all faced the same problems.

This is a workaround, and the Marine Brigade of the two infantry regiments is even larger than the Army's infantry divisions in terms of staffing, which is effectively a name change.

Regimental units are called brigades, battalions are squadrons, and companies are squads. Each squad has three infantry platoons and one fire support platoon, and as for the squad and platoon, it is estimated that no one will care about him anymore.

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