Chapter 342: Aviation supremacy is established in this way
With the high-speed Jian-6 Thunderbolt fighter and the H2N1 long-range bomber, the corresponding training aircraft and reconnaissance aircraft have also been introduced one after another.
The trainer aircraft was modified into a two-seat structure on the basis of the Thunderbolt fighter and was finalized as Jianjiao-2. In order to increase the range, the reconnaissance aircraft dismantled the weapon system and allowed two auxiliary fuel tanks to be mounted, so that the range reached 900 kilometers and the reconnaissance range was expanded.
Wang Chenhao was very satisfied with the fact that the Imperial Air Force had developed a new advanced Thunderbolt fighter and H2N1 bomber from Liu Xiang and Feng Ru.
"Now that we have a new type of combat aircraft, we don't have to worry about exporting."
Wang Shizhen replied: "Your Majesty, although we have a new aircraft that is more advanced than the current combat aircraft, the cost is still too high. The cost of a thunderbolt reached 330,000 dragon coins, and the H2N1 bomber reached a staggering 620,000 dragon coins. Compared to the cost of the F1 Camel fighter in Europe and the British in Europe, which only cost 150,000 dragon coins, and the cost of the H1N1 bomber cost 340,000 dragon coins, the cost has doubled, and the production time has also been more than doubled. The minister thought that it was better to wait until the cost came down. ”
Wang Chenhao thought about it, in the later stage of World War I in history, the fighter speed of the warring countries on both sides would exceed the existing cat demon fighters. Similarly, in the final year of World War I, the British developed the Handley-Petti H400 bomber, which would surpass the H1N1 bomber in service in the Chinese Empire. According to Wang Chenhao's estimate, European countries have begun to develop this advanced combat aircraft in private, so strictly speaking, the active combat aircraft of the Chinese Empire at this time can no longer lead the European level, and there is no need to hide it anymore. It is better to take advantage of the current advantage, and all European countries will take advantage of the opportunity to buy the pole at a high price, and make a lot of money, and use this money to replace the local active combat aircraft. At the same time, the large-scale export of advanced combat aircraft to Europe can also hit Europe's indigenous aircraft industry. It's a good thing to kill three birds with one stone, and it's a shame to miss it.
Thinking of this, Wang Chenhao said: "Intelligence shows that European countries are developing new aircraft with a surname comparable to our active combat aircraft, and our active aircraft are estimated to have advantages in two or three years, so there is no need to restrict." ”
Wang Shizhen also felt that what Wang Chenhao said was reasonable, and seeing that Wang Chenhao insisted, he no longer objected.
As a result, in February of Guanghua 14, the Chinese Empire relaxed the restrictions on the export of advanced combat aircraft to Europe, and the Cat Demon fighter and H1N1 bomber were allowed to be exported.
The belligerents in Europe were very happy and immediately negotiated with the Chinese Imperial Government and the major airlines about the introduction of Cat Demon fighters and H1N1 bombers, as well as associated trainer planes.
After negotiations, the Chinese Empire dismantled the exported Cat Demon fighter jets on the pretext of exporting civilian aircraft (the weapon systems were secretly smuggled separately, and then reinstalled by the Entente after they arrived in the Entente countries). The H1N1 bomber, on the other hand, directly used the transport passenger plane as the reason for export, which was a more appropriate excuse.
The Chinese Empire was the first to approve the request of the Entente, because the Entente was in a weak position in the air war with the Allies, and was under the great threat of the Fokker (Jian-3 fighter) disaster, and was eager to buy the Cat Demon fighter of the Chinese Empire, and the Chinese Empire also wanted to balance the air combat forces of the two sides, so this time it gave priority to exports to the Entente.
The J-3 fighter (Fokker type) imported by the Luftwaffe from the Chinese Empire, due to its low cost, high surname-to-price ratio, and strong fighting surname, had an advantage in the confrontation with the J-1 and J-2 fighters (Newport type) imported by France from the Chinese Empire. At first, the air battle between the two sides was basically evenly matched, but with the sharp increase in aircraft consumption, Germany could imitate the Fokker aircraft on a large scale in a short period of time, but the Entente could not do a large-scale imitation of the Jian-2 fighter, and a large number of pilots on both sides were killed, and there was a shortage of pilots, so both sides had to urgently train novices, and in the air battles in which novices participated, it was obvious that the Fokker fighters, which were strong in combat, had the upper hand when they encountered the Newport fighters of the Allied countries.
December 19, 1913 was a memorable date for the Luftwaffe.
On this day, the Luftwaffe dispatched 1,000 Fokker fighters to attack Paris, and the Allies urgently dispatched 1,500 Newport fighters to meet the attack.
The two sides then exploded the largest air battle over Paris, and since only one-twentieth of the fighter pilots on both sides had more than 100 flight hours, most of the others were novices in assault training.
As a result, in the tragic air battle of Paris on this day, the Luftwaffe shot down 839 fighters of the Entente in one fell swoop at the cost of losing 353 fighters, setting a record in the history of air warfare.
Although the Entente side was saddened by the loss of so many fighters, what made them even more distressed was the loss of a large number of pilots, and compared with the fighters, the loss of pilots was a huge blow to the Allied air forces.
The Luftwaffe won a big victory, and ace pilots emerged one after another. The most famous of these are Polk and Inmaiman. They created 3 air combat bests. Polk was the first to create the tactic of diving at a small angle and hitting the enemy at close range. Inmaiman chose to create the world-famous "Inmaiman flip", that is, half-tendon head flip, which can enable the attacked aircraft to quickly get rid of the enemy aircraft and turn to an advantageous offensive position. They were also the first to form the first pair of two-plane combat tactics in the history of flight, and worked out a set of methods for covering each other in the air and a set of signals for mutual communication.
After that, their tactics spread rapidly in the Luftwaffe, and the novices grew much faster than the novices on the side of the Allies.
In the air battles that followed on December 25 and 27. Luftwaffe "Fokker" fighters shot down a large number of Allied Newport fighters, Morana-Sonier fighters and F1 fighters in succession. The Luftwaffe won successive battles, greatly reducing its own losses and greatly expanding the losses of the Allied air forces. The pilots Polk and Yinmaiman and others won successive battles, and the two shot down 85 Allied planes one after another, causing a terrifying "Fokker disaster."
By the beginning of 1914, the Allies had fewer than 3,000 combat aircraft, compared to 5,000 on the Central side. At the same time, the Allied countries' aircraft production rate was also faster than that of the Entente countries, and these factors led to the sharp reduction of the air power of the Entente countries, and the German Zeppelin airships were once again escorted by Fokker fighters, and large-scale bombing of the cities and positions of the Allied countries, causing heavy losses on the Allied side, and the Allied high command was greatly panicked, so it had to ask the Chinese Empire for help.
The Chinese Empire did not expect that the J3 fighters exported to Germany could have such an effect, and in order to maintain the balance of air power between the two major military blocs in Europe, it gave priority to the Entente side to supply the Cat Demon fighters with the surname that could far surpass the Fokker fighters.
Britain, France and Italy jointly introduced 4,000 foreign trade shrinkage cat demon fighters, with a unit price of 450,000 dragon coins (the actual unit price was 350,000 dragon coins, due to the large purchase volume of the Entente side, the fierce competition among the major aviation industry companies in the Chinese Empire, and the political [***] of the Entente countries, the negotiating officials ate kickbacks, so the secret transaction was discounted by 85). At the official request of the Chinese Empire, the export Cat Demon fighter was codenamed Havilland D.H2 fighter within the Entente countries, and it was openly claimed to be jointly manufactured by Britain and France, and had nothing to do with the Chinese Empire. All 4,000 Havilland fighters will arrive in the next one and a half years, of which the first batch of 400 fighters will be delivered to the Allied air forces within a month.
On March 5, 1914, also over Paris, the Allies invested 400 Havilland fighters imported from the Chinese Empire to participate in air battles for the first time after 13 consecutive large-scale air defeats.
The Entente selected the best 400 pilots to fly 400 Cat Demon fighters to participate in the battle, which immediately turned the tide of the war.
In this air battle, the Allies shot down 106 Luftwaffe Fokker fighters at the cost of losing 12 Cat Demon fighters, including the German ace pilot Yinmaiman, and created the British ace pilot Lieutenant Handley.
The Luftwaffe was nervous, but still did not realize the seriousness of the problem. The next day, the Luftwaffe sent 1,300 Fokker fighters to attack Paris again.
In addition to the 350 Cat Demon fighters dispatched by Britain and France (the other 38 were damaged in yesterday's air battle and were damaged during the emergency landing and have not yet been repaired), 1,400 Newport and F1 fighters participated in the battle.
A large-scale air battle broke out between the two sides, with nearly 3,000 fighters scuffling over Paris. After the end of the air battle, Germany lost 525 fighters, and the British and French air forces lost 613 fighters. Although the Luftwaffe won the victory, compared with the results of previous air battles, this time it undoubtedly did not achieve the intended combat results. On the contrary, the losses of the British and French air forces in this air battle were greatly lower than those in more than a dozen previous air battles.
The British and French air forces found that the Cat Demon fighters of the Chinese Empire were very advanced, and completely suppressed the German Fokker fighters in battle, which was the most important reason for the significant reduction in the losses of the Allied air forces.
So on the one hand, the Allied Air Force urged the Chinese Empire to supply the next batch of Cat Demon fighters as soon as possible, and at the same time, the country also began to copy the Cat Demon fighters.
In the ensuing large-scale air battles, the Germans finally discovered the problem, and most of the early Allied aircraft shot down by their Fokker fighters were more than capable of dealing with the new Havilland fighters.
Soon German spies stole information from the Allies and learned that the Allies had secretly smuggled the Cat Demon fighters in service in the Chinese Empire from the Chinese Imperial Airlines.
As a result, the Allies led by Germany protested to the Chinese Imperial Political Axe, demanding that the Chinese Imperial Political Axe stop exporting Cat Demon fighters to the Entente countries. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Chinese Empire firmly denied this, saying that the planes exported to the Entente countries were all civilian aircraft and did not carry weapons. Subsequently, the Allies produced evidence that the Entente smuggled the on-board weapon systems of the Cat Demon fighter from the hands of the Chinese Emperor [***] fire merchants, and converted the "civilian aircraft" into fighters after returning to China, and demanded an explanation from the Chinese Empire. In this regard, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Chinese Empire once again claimed that it would intervene in the investigation of the matter, but did not give a timetable for when the investigation would be completed.
Naturally, the Allies could not wait, because the Entente was wise, and no longer waited to be beaten passively, but sent the Havilland battle group to take the initiative to attack German [***] facilities and place the battlefield in Germany. The Luftwaffe's Fokker fighters were intercepted in the air, and the small number was sure to suffer a big loss, and the large number was pinned down, and the large number of Newport and Camel fighters of the Entente countries on the other side could not be defended. For a time, the Luftwaffe was in a passive situation.
Subsequently, an Entente Havilland fighter was shot down in Germany, but it was well preserved. The Luftwaffe obtained data on the Havilland fighter and found evidence on it: "All parts and components, except for painting, were made in the Chinese Empire"
The German Foreign Minister sent a note to the Chinese Imperial Chinese Ambassador to Germany, Xu Jingcheng, demanding an explanation from the Chinese Empire. Xu Jingcheng said that smuggling is inevitable and that the Chinese Empire will intensify its efforts to crack down on arms smuggling. In the face of Xu Jingcheng's Tai Chi and quibbles, the German Foreign Ministry had no choice but to tear its face with the Chinese Empire.
As a result, the German political axe demanded compensation and also demanded the import of such "civil aircraft" from the Chinese Empire. In response to this, the Chinese Imperial Political Axe quickly replied that it was willing to provide such "civilian aircraft" to the side of the Central Powers.
On March 10, 1914, the Chinese Imperial Government approved 24 domestic airlines to allow the export of foreign trade Cat Demon fighter jets to Germany, claiming to be civilian aircraft, and the weapon systems were loaded by the German side itself, acquiescing in the smuggling of Cat Demon fighter airborne weapon systems to Germany.
Subsequently, the Luftwaffe signed agreements with the major airlines of the Chinese Empire to purchase "civil aircraft", with unit prices ranging from 380,000 to 450,000 dragon dollars, but they all required at least the same number of aircraft purchased from the Chinese Empire as the Entente, that is, 4,000 aircraft. Luftwaffe officials were rigid and did not know how to trade kickbacks, and as a result, the unit price soared to 420,000 dragon coins. The Luftwaffe thought that the price was too expensive, but it had to buy it, otherwise it would be difficult to deal with the Havilland fighters of the Entente in a short time, and the loss would be even greater. As a result, Germany, together with Austria-Hungary, the Turkish Empire and Bulgaria, paid for 4,000 planes. Among them, the 2,500 planes purchased by Germany are still priced at 420,000 dragon dollars. The officials of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Turkish Empire were well versed in the secret tricks of the arms deal, which was also 420,000 dragon coins on the surface, but in fact it was 380,000 dragon dollars, and 1,200 planes were bought in partnership, and Bulgaria also negotiated that the unit price was only 390,000 dragon dollars, all of which cost less than the Germans.
It was not until three months after the signing of the contract that the Germans learned of the situation, which greatly displeased Austria-Hungary and the Turkish Empire.
Both the Allies and the Entente imported 4,000 Cat Demon fighters from the Chinese Empire, but the supply channels were different. On the side of the Entente, 78 airlines including the Chinese Empire's Nanyuan Airlines jointly supplied the goods, and the speed was relatively fast. The Chinese Empire, on the other hand, supplied only 55 airlines to the Allied Powers, which was relatively slow.
This was also the political strategy of the Chinese Empire, because the number of Fokker fighters in the Luftwaffe was still very large, surpassing the old Newport and Camel fighters of the Entente countries, and it was still in a favorable position. If the speed of supply to the Central Powers was the same as that of the Entente, it would cause the Entente to suffer a loss. Thus, the Chinese Empire balanced the balance of air power between the Allies and the Entente by controlling the speed of production and supply of domestic airlines.
The Chinese Empire exported advanced Cat Demon fighters to Europe on a large scale, resulting in the stillbirth of some related combat aircraft under development in European countries.
For example, the F1A3 fighter and FE2B fighter projects in the United Kingdom have all been suspended, and the F fighter in mass production has also been discontinued, because the British Air Force will not adopt the developed ones, and the British authorities require the British Havilland Airlines to copy the Cat Demon fighter of the Chinese Empire, and strive to realize the British local manufacturing as soon as possible, which virtually makes the British local aviation industry unable to obtain orders from the British Air Force, and loses a lot of money, and also causes the British to develop its own fighter jets Insufficient funds. Blindly imitating the fighter jets of the Chinese Empire has seriously lacked the impetus for Britain's independent innovation and development, and a large number of advanced aircraft design concepts have been stifled in the cradle.
The same is true for France and Italy. France's Newport Airlines has been importing various aircraft parts from the Chinese Empire to assemble for a living. Now the Newport Type 1 and Type 2 will be eliminated, so they have to import parts and components of the Cat Demon fighter to assemble the Newport Type 3 fighter and supply it to the French Air Force. And the more than a dozen Newport fighters developed by Newport itself were all stillborn and stopped. Not to mention the Italian pigeon fighter, which was also stopped by the Italian Air Force from production and research and development, and instead copied and assembled the cat demon fighter of the Chinese Empire, and changed it to the pigeon 6 fighter in Italy.
This was true of the Entente, and so was it with the Central Powers. The Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Turkish Empire, and Bulgaria did not design and develop advanced fighter jets on their own, and they could only rely on importing ready-made fighter jets from the Chinese Empire, or import parts to assemble them themselves, and they had to pay high royalties. As the only country within the Allies that can develop and produce advanced fighter jets on its own, Germany's three Albatross fighters and two Junker fighters in the development have been stopped and changed to copycat demon fighters of the Chinese Empire, but most of the parts have to be imported from the Chinese Empire, and they have to pay high patent royalties, and the profits of Germany's local airlines have plummeted, and the development speed is even worse than that of the Chinese Empire's airlines.
At the same time, in order to deal with the German zeppelin force, the Entente imported 400 H1N1 bombers to the Chinese Empire, claiming to be imported civilian airliners, codenamed O/100 bombers (H.P.11) in Britain.
The Handley-Peti O bomber originally developed by Petti Airlines had to be stillborn, because its surname was far inferior to the avian flu bomber of the Chinese Empire, which had a great impact on the development of British bombers and dealt a heavy blow to the development of the local bomber industry.
As early as 1911, Pedge began work on the design of the twin-engine bomber, and after three years of hard work, in February 1914, according to the technical requirements put forward by the British Admiralty, Pedge used the previous design to develop a large twin-engine patrol bomber, which was originally named Handley-Petty O, and then changed to O/100, where the number 100 represented the wingspan of the aircraft in feet. The O-type was larger than any previous aircraft produced by the company, and the prototype had just completed its maiden flight on Feb. 7 and was successful, making it the largest aircraft ever built in the country.
The O/100 is a traditional wooden structure with cloth skin, a main wing with an upper reverse angle that can be folded back, a rectangular fuselage cross-section, two wheels for each main landing gear, and a skid-type landing gear at the tail. The aircraft was powered by a 266-horsepower Roy-Royce Eagle II engine housed in an armored engine nacelle. The crew of the first prototype (serial number 1455) was located in an enclosed cockpit protected by armor plates on the bottom and sides of the cabin, and the first prototype performed only poorly, and the second prototype built later made improvements based on the experience of the former, such as switching to an open cockpit (the pilot and navigator/mechanic sit side by side, and the shooter/bombardier is located in the nose), and the aircraft also added a new radiator to the water-cooled engine. Most of the armor plates are also removed (as the best protection is at night).
The No. 2 prototype was scheduled to make its maiden flight in April, and as expected, the aircraft was significantly improved in terms of surname ability, but the British Admiralty abruptly canceled the contract with Petty Air and imported the H1N1 bomber from the Chinese Empire instead, resulting in heavy losses for Petty Airlines, and the failure of the bomber project that had taken more than three years to develop was a huge blow to Petty.
Similarly, not only Pej Air was developing bombers, but more than a dozen airlines in Britain, France, and Italy began to develop the same type of bomber after learning that the Chinese Empire had used the powerful H1N1 bomber in the bombing campaign on Jeju Island. Many of these airlines, like the Peggy Company, spent huge sums of money on research and development, thinking that they could get orders from the British Air Force and Navy, but in the end they had to die and instead imported H1N1 bombers from the Chinese Empire for assembly, gradually losing their own research and development capabilities, and became second-hand merchants. This had a huge impact on the development of the bomber field in Britain, France and Italy.
(To be continued)