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After the Qing army entered the customs, the Shunzhi period began to dig the middle canal on a large scale, and now it has completely ended the era of borrowing the Yellow River to transport, and built the Huang, Huai, and Yun interchange hubs, easing the river level ratio, reducing the turbidity current irrigation and transportation, and improving the conditions for water transportation. The Governor's Cao Yun Department and the Yamen Cao Yun method basically undertook the Ming system, but there were a few more names: Zheng Yi rice, transporting grain from the Beijing warehouse, with a quota of 3.3 million stones; Changed to rice, Yuntong Prefecture warehouse grain, with a quota of 700,000 stones; Changing the levy to other varieties of grain; Convert the grain into silver, and the price of silver will be included in the local Ding item and reported to the household department.

In addition, the Qing court also implemented measures such as interception (that is, after the grain was shipped from various places, when the local disaster occurred, the part was intercepted as relief, or the grain from one place was transported to another place) and the allocation of transportation (mainly referring to the interception of the Jizhou grain transported by Shandong and Henan, and the allocation of rice for the mausoleum and garrison soldiers). The number of boats and the establishment are slightly different from those of the Ming Dynasty, generally in the form of prefectures and prefectures, ten people in a boat, ten ships in a gang, and ten ships in mutual insurance. The total number of animals rose from 10,455 to 14,500, and only about 7,000 were actually transported. The shipment volume of each ship shall not exceed 500 stones, and local local products can also be loaded to and from various ports for marketing.

It was also after Kangxi ascended the throne that the Qing court finally began to implement the official collection and official transportation system, and the carriers were the more solid military soldiers (Yunding) in the military registration of the guards. At the time of shipment, each ship was equipped with one transporter, one lieutenant, and nine to ten sailors were hired. The number of sailors in each province varies, and the total number is about 100,000. The supreme governor of Caoyun is the governor of Caoyun. Garrisoned in Huai'an. Below it is the grain road of each province, a total of seven people, in charge of the province's grain reserves. Jurisdiction over the subordinate military guards, select the officials who lead the transport and accompany the gang, and instruct the governments to meet and select the transport army, etc.; Sitting on the water, supervising and verifying the exchange of grain for huàn, handing over to the escort officer, and accompanying the ship superintendent to Huai'an, reporting to the governor for inspection.

Escort. It was originally the responsibility of the grain road, and later one person was selected to be in charge of the grain and sentenced to be responsible for supervising the detention. Restraining the transportation army, and later due to the humble position of the official, it was still escorted by the grain road. The consul is led by one or two people from the general manager. A Wuju person served with the gang. In order to ensure that the transportation is correct. In Huai'an, Jining, Tianjin, Tongzhou Canal set up patrol imperial history, inspect this section of the Cao Yun. In addition, Huai'an Huaibei has town generals along the river to urge the entry of the boats to move forward; At the Nancao junction between Zhenjiang and Guazhou, the Zhenjiang Province urged the chief military officer (later changed to the deputy general) to inspect the riverbank and coordinate and supervise the boats to cross the river.

Only now, the source of Caoyun is controlled by the Mawei Army. Then the three million stone grain needed by the capital every year will be gone. There is a way that food is given to food, and food comes before food. If there is no food, no matter how much money is given, it is useless, after all, silver cannot be eaten.

"It's unfavorable for the front-line battle again, I don't believe that my Qing soldiers and horses are almost twice as large as Wu Sangui, and they can't be defeated! Back then, the soldiers and horses of the Ming Dynasty were more than seven or eight times that of my Eight Banners Army, and they were not beaten by the wolves of my Qing Dynasty, what is wrong now? Do you really want me to become the second Chongzhen? Kangxi just looked at the two books on the table, and his already bad mood became worse, and it was strange that Yishui's bad news could get better.

"Damn it!" Suo Etu and Mingzhu immediately knelt down when they heard this, Chongzhen and they knew very well that Emperor Chongzhen was not diligent in his administration, and he died in Ming, although he also had the responsibility of the emperor, but more of them were useless ministers. is like Chongzhen himself said, "The king is not the king of the country, the ministers are the ministers of the country!" Now that Kangxi said this, doesn't that mean that they are all ministers of the dead country, although they are very uncomfortable, but at this time, their first reaction is to kneel down and ask for guilt.

"Your Majesty, it's important to take care of the dragon's body!" Mingzhu was the first to speak. "The situation of the battle is unfavorable for a while, not because the soldiers are careless. This war is not only about soldiers and horses, but also about money and food! The minister thought, then Wu Sangui is probably about to hold on now, or it won't be long before Prince An can break through Yueyang in one fell swoop and defeat Wu Sangui. But the most important thing at present is to take back Jinling, Geng Shun has grown stronger, can no longer be ignored, the minister feels that the 50,000 troops sent by Prince An plus Zhou Peigong's 30,000 soldiers and horses are not enough, and also ask the emperor to mobilize the remaining soldiers and horses from Henan and Shandong to reinforce, and must succeed in one fell swoop. ”

"Are there still few soldiers and horses sent now? In addition, the total number of soldiers and horses in Anhui exceeded 100,000. If 100,000 people can't even defeat the 20,000 or 30,000 foot soldiers who are rebellious, what hope can I hope for in the Qing Dynasty? Kangxi roared angrily.

"What the emperor said is that when the minister heard the news, he said that there were many Mawei army troops in Jinling City, but the Mawei Navy came down with more than 10,000 soldiers and horses to break through the city gate in just one day, so if the Mawei Navy is also counted, there are more than 30,000 or 20,000 horses. That's an army of more than 50,000 people. What's more, the Yangtze River moat, the sailors of the imperial court on the river are still unable to compete with the rebellious Mawei navy, so the number of the army must be increased in order to be safe, and the emperor is asked to think twice. Mingzhu still insisted on his own opinion, as important ministers of the Qing court, they and the Qing court were both prosperous and loss, and they would be finished if the Qing court died, so this was not the time to have reservations.

Kangxi also calmed down a bit, and Mingzhu's words were not unreasonable. The Mawei Navy is indeed quite strong, and the Jiangning Navy Division has been completely wiped out, so the Poyang Lake Navy Division will not be the opponent of the Mawei Army, and if the Poyang Lake Navy Division is sent to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River to fight the Mawei Navy, then it can only be wiped out in the end. "What Aiqing said is reasonable, then do as you say. However, the Mawei army is strong in the naval division, we really can't fight hard with it, let Yue Le arrange boats, carry the army across the river, and then go straight to Jinling City to destroy the Geng rebel army! ”

"Obey." Mingzhu immediately responded.

"Your Majesty, the ministers also have a plan." After Mingzhu finished speaking, Suo Etu immediately followed, since this period of time, the two no longer have party disputes, but mostly work together, after all, the situation in the Qing court is not optimistic now, and they are grasshoppers on a rope, no one can escape. "The country cannot expand the army on a large scale at present, but in the north of North Korea can indeed recruit a lot of troops, although the country of Korea is small, but fifty or sixty thousand soldiers and horses can still be had, the emperor issued a holy decree. Let the king of Joseon send a part of his troops and horses to assist our army in quelling the rebellion, which should increase our army's chances of victory. ”

Fifty years ago, Nurhachi's nephew Amin led 30,000 Jurchen troops to invade Korea, and finally the two sides finally negotiated peace and signed a "brotherly alliance". Joseon stopped using the Ming Dynasty's Apocalypse year and sent Prince Li Jue to Houjin as a hostage. Houjin and North Korea do not invade each other's territory. Since then, the brotherly relationship between the post-Kim and North Korea has not been harmonious. As soon as the Jin army retreated, North Korea immediately "played the plot of being soldiered" to the Ming Dynasty. Due to the influence of Confucianism, the Joseon minister believed that the Ming Dynasty helped Korea repel the Japanese invaders, and that Korea should make friends with the Ming Dynasty to fight against the Houjin. As a result, North Korea refuses to abolish era names and maintains relations. This eventually led Huang Taiji to attack Korea again after a lapse of nine years, forcing Korea to become a vassal state of the Qing court completely.

So. Although the Qing court did not say that it was taking and asking for Korea, it was not much better. The Manchus treated the Han as slaves, and the same was true for the Koreans. That's why Suo Etu has this at this moment. In his opinion, it is normal for them to reach out to North Korea.

In fact, North Korea was not so respectful to the Qing court. Joseon Hyojong, who succeeded Joseon Injo, also tried to unite with the anti-Qing forces in southern China to crusade against the Qing Dynasty. But there was no result. Later, North Korea began to close itself off from the rest of the country. With only a small amount of contact with the outside world, and out of remembrance of the former suzerainty of the Ming Dynasty, Joseon has continued the name of the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, "Chongzhen", to the present day. In later history, the Joseon state continued this era name for 265 years until the collapse of the Korean state in 1893.

"That's okay, I'm right, and in addition, ask the DPRK to send a tribute of three million taels of silver, of course, it would be best if I could send more. Most of them were borrowed from him until I put down the rebellion. Will double it back to him in the future! Kangxi frowned and said, he doesn't have many good ways now, as long as it is almost feasible, he can give it a try. He also has a relatively good understanding of the situation in North Korea. The Koreans have been very stable for decades, and it is not a problem to send tens of thousands of soldiers and horses and to spend a few million taels of silver.

In the ninth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, according to the Korean calendar, it was the fourteenth year of Renjo, the first year of Chongde of the Qing court, when Huang Taiji was officially renamed the emperor by Khan, changed the name of the country to the Qing Dynasty, and the family name was Manchuria. Before ascending the throne, Huang Taiji informed the DPRK of the matter in advance, hoping that the DPRK would participate in the persuasion. At that time, of course, the Korean state was in an uproar when they heard the news, and they had a long-standing grudge with the Houjin at that time, and the hatred and humiliation that had accumulated for nearly ten years burst out together. At that time, the Korean ministers made bitter statements one after another, "so that the other prisoners know that our country is upheld, and they must not do things that are disorderly and unusual." Although the country is killed, it can be resigned to the world and future generations." In an impassioned atmosphere, Injo refused to meet with the Houjin delegation and did not accept his letter. The Houjin delegation left Seoul angrily, and along the way, the people "blocked the road with spectators, and naughty children threw rubble to humiliate them." In April of that year, Huang Taiji officially held a ceremony to proclaim himself emperor in Shenyang, and the Korean envoys Luo Xian and Li Kuo refused to bow down.

One can imagine how angry Huang Taiji was at that time, he thought that this was completely the intention of the king of Joseon to create a grudge, and in December of that year, Huang Taiji prepared to invade Korea on the grounds that Korea had violated the alliance. So he sent Zierharang to guard Shenyang, Azig and Abatai to guard the mouth of the Liao River to contain the Ming army, and Huang Taiji personally led the Qing army of 120,000 to invade Korea. Huang Taiji ordered Dolgon and Haoge to divide the left wing of Manchuria and Mongol soldiers, and entered the Changshan Pass from Kuandian; Hebu Chengzheng Ma Futa and others led 300 troops to raid Hanyang City, the capital of the Joseon king, and Duoduo, Yue Tuo and others led thousands of soldiers and horses to respond. Huang Taiji and Dai Shan led other armies and horses to attack Korea.

It can be said that the Manchurian iron cavalry at that time was indeed very powerful, and the newly established Great Qing State generals Mafuta, Duoduo and other troops quickly defeated the Korean Hanyang defenders, and Joseon Injo had to move the royal family to Ganghwa Island for refuge, and he retreated to Namhanshan City. Subsequently, the main force of the Qing army crossed the Zhenjiang River and occupied Guoshan City, and Dingzhou and Anzhou surrendered without a fight. The Qing army crossed the Imjin River to capture Hanyang when the Imjin River was frozen, and joined forces to surround Namhansan Fortress.

Seeing that the king was besieged, the defenders from all over Korea came to support, but were defeated by the Qing army one after another. In the first month of the second year of Chongdeok, the Qing soldiers defeated reinforcements from Jeolla Province and Chungcheong-do Province one after another. Joseon Injo sued for peace with the Qing army. Huang Taiji was afraid that Korea would oppose the Qing Dynasty again, so he sent Dolgon to attack Ganghwa Island and capture the Korean princesses, princes, clansmen, and family members of the ministers. Huang Taiji sent an envoy to demand that Injo of Korea go out of the city and surrender. Renzu offered the Qing army Yin Ji, the principal of Hongwenguan, the main figure of the pro-Ming and anti-Qing Dynasty, Wu Daji, the reviser, and Hong Yihan, the Taiwanese counselor, and then went out of the city and took off the royal clothes. Changed to wear green clothes, met Huang Taiji in Santiandu, and performed three kneels and nine bows.

After that, the two countries formally signed an agreement. Joseon became a vassal state of the Qing Dynasty from then on. Accepting the canonization of the Qing Dynasty, Joseon Injo made a great salute to the Emperor Taiji and severed relations with the Ming Dynasty, the original suzerain. Joseon Injo sent his eldest son Li Wei and second son Li Hao to the Qing Dynasty as hostages. The prince Li Wei lived in Shenyang for a long time, and the other proton was served by the prince of Fenglin and the prince of Linping in turn. Korea had to pay tribute to the Qing Dynasty every year with 500 taels of gold, 5,000 taels of silver, 200 pairs of buffalo horns, 100 mink skins, 100 deer skins, 1,000 tea bags, 400 otter skins, 300 green millet skins, 10 pepper stones, 40 collars of five-clawed dragon mats, 40 collars of flower mats, 200 taels of white ramie cloth, 2,000 taels of cotton silk, 400 pieces of fine linen, 10,000 pieces of fine cloth, 4,000 pieces of cloth, 10,000 bags of rice, and so on.

In addition, at that time, Huang Taiji also required that when attacking the island of Phi Dao, which belonged to the Ming Dynasty, North Korea must send troops and at least 50 warships to assist, and the Qing Dynasty also forbade North Korea to build a large number of fortifications such as castles. After a series of ceremonies, Joseon was brought under the rule of the Qing Dynasty. And in the Santiandu area, the "Great Qing Emperor Merit Monument" was established, and then Huang Taiji withdrew his troops and returned to China.

During the invasion of Korea by the armies of the Manchurian aristocracy, Korea actually had a belief in the Ming Dynasty waiting to be saved. Even with the intention of the destruction of the country, it did not surrender to the Manchurians. During the rebellion, the king's attitude was "only hoping that his parents would come to his rescue". "In the battle of Renchen, the Weitian Dynasty could not restore the country, and so far the monarchs and ministers have been up and down. Those who protect each other and do not fish are the ones. Who is it? Although misfortune and great calamity are coming, there should still be a fall. Otherwise, how can there be resignation in the world and future generations? ”。 would rather perish than turn away from China, and the important reason is that he cannot face the "world and future generations". Behind this qiē motivation is a huge ethical decision and value judgment. North Korea "would rather be too big than the Manchu Qing Dynasty (referring to the Manchu Qing Dynasty) than bear to live up to the emperor." And after the defeat and forced surrender, even if he was "in the camp and in the Han", the Joseon king still carried a heavy sense of pressure on his own psychological sense of moral self-discipline. "On the first lunar month, he set up a seat in the palace and cried to the Central Plains. For the emperor Ming also. ”。 And in the records of his son, King Hyojong, this King Injo whenever "spoke to the emperor." As for whimpering, I can't speak". As a result of this inherent moral pressure and deep self-reproach, false rumors have even been spread in North Korea. It is said that "the ruling generation of (Japan) Guanbai, with the alliance between Korea and Tatars, is all indignant and will want to raise the army." In the midst of the panic, it is the attachment to moral requirements and the sense of self-reproach in the collective consciousness.

In this war, the Qing Dynasty took 500,000 Koreans back to China as slaves and plundered a large amount of Korean supplies. This is quite a large number, at that time, every time the Qing court entered the customs to plunder the population, money and food, there was never a captivity of four or five hundred thousand Han people, one hundred and twenty thousand is about the same, North Korea was captured so many at once, but it was even more ruthless to the Guannai.

Although Korea succumbed to the rule of the Qing court, the Koreans were still very disgusted with the Qing court and secretly called the Qing Dynasty "Hulu". Such hostile titles and attitudes abound in North Korean books. The Korean side only used the Qing court era name in diplomacy, but not in China, and called it "the year of King So-and-so", such as "the twelfth year of King Injo" and so on. Many scholars respected the Ming Dynasty and used the name "Later Chongzhen", which led to the name "Chongzhen" being used by Korean scholars for hundreds of years. During the reign of Xiaozong of Korea, Korea even plotted to raise troops and unite with the Japanese Edo Shogunate and Southern Ming to oppose the Manchu Qing, but what Kangxi and Suo Etu did not know at this time was that Korea was preparing to send envoys to Fujian and Hunan secretly, preparing to attack the Qing court together with Wu Sangui and Geng Jingzhong.

Korea already has a highly developed Confucian civilization, and the self-proclaimed "Little China" Korea has been reduced to a backward mountain and forest hunting people and established a vassal state of the Qing Dynasty. The Qing court has not stopped the conquest for all these years, which also increases the burden on North Korea. Economic plunder, political oppression, and cultural differences have made it possible for half a century to see that North Korea's anti-Qing sentiments have always been the mainstream of social thought.

In the naturalness of the heavenly ethics of the Huayi order, "Huaxia" means the justice of noble culture and ethnic groups, and the thorough identification with China is the thorough identification with the dignity of culture and ethnic groups. Therefore, the DPRK has always been happy to be called "Little China." "Since the beginning of Jizi, my East has been a great line of education, men have the style of martyrs, women have the customs of chastity, and the history is called Little China." "The mountains and rivers are dangerous, and the people are poor. Only to follow a little etiquette, since ancient China has also allowed a little China". Although the people of South Korea forgot their own history in later generations, it has to be said that it was still a good time at this time.

Kangxi did not hesitate, and immediately agreed to Suo Etu's construction, which also originated from the previous Shunzhi Dynasty's two requests for North Korea to send troops. At that time, Shunzhi twice asked Korea to send troops to assist the Qing army in fighting in the northeast and sweeping away the Tsarist Russian invaders who had invaded the Heilongjiang Valley. Then this time they are asking North Korea to send troops, and it is not a big deal. As for saying that North Korea would refute his holy decree, he did not think that North Korea would dare to do so. Is this really the case? (To be continued......)