Three-three, super dreadnoughts

The rise of the German Empire and the formation of the German-Austrian alliance upset the balance of power in Europe and sooner or later jeopardized the British Empire's dominance over the world, which was made even more precarious by the declining industrial capacity of the British Empire. The British needed to fight a war against Germany as early as possible to nip this danger in the cradle.

If the decisive battle had been postponed not in 1914, but to 1920, it is estimated that by that time the navy of the British Empire might not have been an opponent of the Germans at all, both in terms of quantity and quality.

The British needed to drag the Germans into the war as much as they could, and the Germans did not have the patience to do so now.

The economic crisis caused by industrial overproduction looms over every country, and everyone needs to go through a war to consume or destroy the excessive industrial production capacity.

The most direct and effective means of passing on the crisis and resolving it is war, which is devastating enough to impoverish the whole of Europe.

Tear down and start over, the world really needs to be reshuffled.

He wanted to escape, for example, to go to the United States or South America, but as a member of the empire, he had a responsibility and a desire to minimize the injustice and hunger of the people after the war.

This is an age when cannons speak, and there is no point in compromise.

In October 1912, the British Royal Navy began to build five "Queen Elizabeth" class battleships equipped with 15-inch guns, but the German Navy and the Austro-Hungarian Navy, which were potential opponents, did not have the slightest response to this, and the German Navy did not arrange any battleship construction plans in 1913.

According to the information obtained from the intelligence department in various aspects, due to the decline of national strength, the Royal Navy can no longer maintain absolute superiority over the German Navy in terms of the number of capital ships, which makes it impossible for the Royal Navy to guarantee sea supremacy in the North Sea in wartime.

In this situation, the British clearly began to pay attention to strengthening the quality and performance of the capital ships. According to the requirements of the British Admiralty, the development of the 15-inch naval guns equipped with the "Queen Elizabeth" class was carried out at the same time as the construction of the hull, which made the firepower and protection of this class of battleships significantly improved compared with previous warships.

Fortunately, in this era, due to the instigation of Lee Haydon, the German Navy began to use 330 mm main guns in the construction of the "Helgoland" class battleships, and after absorbing some of the advanced main gun manufacturing technology of the Skoda company, Krupp also greatly improved the manufacturing technology of large-caliber naval guns.

The Austro-Hungarian Navy adopted the SK-13 330 mm main gun newly developed by Skoda on the latest "United Forces" class, which also forced Tirpitz to be equipped with a 350 mm / L42 main gun developed by Krupp on the "King" class built later, although its performance was not as good as the Skoda naval gun, but it exceeded the 14-inch Armstrong main gun made by the British.

Since the beginning of the dreadnought, the Austro-Hungarian capital ships have always adopted a four-turret arrangement in the overall gun layout. In terms of overall design, the four-turret layout is almost the optimal layout for the hull weight, bearing capacity and firepower distribution scheme.

While it is easier to optimize the armor and reduce the displacement of the three triple main turrets, the gun power is not evenly distributed. This arrangement is not easy to reasonably distribute firepower when retreating or when suffering from more than two enemy ships, and this arrangement is suitable for use in the navy of a country where the number of ships is confident, but for a naval country with a slight numerical disadvantage, it is relatively embarrassing to use only three main guns when retreating.

In this era, navies of various countries also liked to equip the fifth main turret in the amidships, but in this regard, Helden and the German Minister of Ship Design Bruckner held the same view: because the muzzle storm of the central turret was very easy to break the searchlights, ship-based boats and other auxiliary equipment, and more importantly, the five-turret layout was difficult to balance in the weight of the hull, which must have weakened the most important amidship defense of the hull.

Due to the strong opposition of Lee Hayden and Generals Bruckner, as well as the actual yàn on the "Nassau" and "Helgoland" classes already in service, the German Navy eventually changed back to a four-turret arrangement when building the "King" class. In view of the fact that the protection of the four triple 330 mm main gun turrets of the Austro-Hungarian "Combined Forces" class was still somewhat worrisome, the Germans changed to a symmetrical 3-2 bow and stern main gun arrangement when building the "King" class battleships with comparable displacement to the "Combined Forces" class.

In another time and space, the German Navy was able to speed up the process of developing the main gun and redesigning the hull structure after a year's delay in developing the main gun and redesigning the hull structure due to the German Navy's increase in the caliber of the main gun from 305 mm to 380 mm.

The main thing is that Helton donated to the Austro-Hungarian Navy the construction of three battleships armed with 380 mm guns, which further promoted the construction of the latest capital ships of the German and Austro-Hungarian navies.

In another time and space, the construction of the Austro-Hungarian Navy's battleships with 380 mm guns only began in February 1914, and due to the effects of the war, it was never completed during the war. The construction of the Bavaria-class battleships of the German Navy began only in 1914, and only two were built and commissioned during the war.

It's almost impossible to build cutting-edge weapons that are ahead of their time, but it's still easy to build them a little earlier. In the context of the current Anglo-German shipbuilding competition, Li Hayden joined forces with the Kaiser, and with the cooperation of General Bruckner of the German Naval Ship Design Bureau, in May 1913, the construction of the latest German first-class battleships had begun one after another.

In this way, at the height of the war three years later, the German Navy was able to get five of the newest super-battleships in time, and this strong support was enough to change the course of a naval battle.

In order to meet the deadline, General Bruckner almost directly applied the drawings obtained from the Austro-Hungarian navy.

There is really nothing to change, the twin main guns have the problem of insufficient fire density, the design of the "King" class has almost reached a balance, and the "combined forces" class of the Austro-Hungarian Navy seems to pay too much attention to firepower, and its defense still has hidden dangers.

Due to the preparation for the installation of larger caliber guns, the displacement of the battleships of the "Bavaria" class was increased by 2,500 tons compared to the "King" class, and the standard displacement reached 31,200 tons, and the power system was comparable to that of the British "Queen" class. However, due to the depth of the Kiel Canal, German battleships generally had a wide hull and a shallow draft, which allowed them to reach a speed of only 23 knots.

The dreadnought race also affected the weaker naval nations, and in addition to the South American powers, the Turks also ordered two dreadnoughts from Britain based on the Orion battleship. As a result of their defeat in the Balkan Wars, the Turks cancelled the order for the construction of one of the dreadnoughts and instead purchased from the Brazilians the "Rio de Janeiro", the famous "One Week Turret Relic" equipped with seven twin 14-inch main turrets.

This made the Greeks, who had just won the Balkan War and the Greco-Turkish War, nervous, so that the financially strapped Greek government and navy came out to borrow money from abroad and began to buy two new dreadnoughts.

The North Sea Shipyard in Lübeck received an order for the two Greek battleships, and at the direction of Lee Haydon, the Imperial City Credit Bank in Vienna was willing to lend the two battleships, while the North Sea Shipyard won the order from the Anglo-American and French shipyards at an offer of £2.1 million each, which was almost a loss of £500,000 for the British.

The battleships purchased by the Greeks were basically a reinforced version of the Austro-Hungarian Navy's "Combined Forces" class, with a standard displacement of 31,000 tons, equipped with four 350 mm triple main gun turrets, and a maximum speed of 23 knots, although the endurance was slightly smaller, 5,200 nautical miles / 14 knots.

At the same time, the North Sea Shipyard received an order from the Argentines for the battleship "Holy Trinity" at a very favorable price, the design of which was essentially the same as the battleships of the "Cherkis" class ordered by the Greeks, while the simultaneous construction of three battleships of the same type also allowed the shipyard to minimize costs.

Construction of the three warships began in October 1913 at the North Sea Shipyard in Lübeck, but Lechelton went to great lengths to get orders for these three battleships only because they would not reach the Greeks and Argentines at all, and the three battleships were expected to be completed in the summer of 1915.

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