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Among the traditional military projects of the Chinese Empire, the status of heavy main battle tanks is undoubtedly the M36 armored combat vehicle that the military has successfully developed for many years. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ╔╗

However, after inspecting the performance parameters of these tanks, the imperial side found many advanced design concepts, so it ordered Royal Ordnance Heavy Industries to upgrade some advanced technologies in this area on the M36 armored combat vehicle, so that the performance of the main battle tank of the Imperial Army was more perfect.

The medium-sized M28A3 Leopard and the lightweight M35 Hound also beat the same kind of military enterprises, but each military industrial bidding vehicle has its own unique characteristics and is worth learning. Therefore, although the tanks of other companies did not receive purchase orders, the emperor also gave them some soup to drink, and the production of the equipment needed for the upgrading and improvement of these two main tanks was handed over to them.

Similarly, the W30 wheeled infantry tank and the Z29 anti-tank tank tank were treated in this way.

As the main combat weapons of the armored forces of the Imperial Chinese Army, the dominant position of the armored triumphants of the M36 tank, the W30 infantry tank and the Z29 anti-tank tank tank has not changed, but according to the Chinese Empire's "Regulations on the Establishment of the New Army in the Forty Years of Guanghua", the armored units of the Imperial Army have been greatly revised in order to meet the operational needs of modern warfare.

Forty years after Guanghua, the Chinese Imperial Army was redivided into five grades: A, B, C, D, and E, and the first-line ace armored troops were listed as first-class. Compared with the previous 20,000 troops, the establishment has also been greatly revised, the equipment has also been modernized and upgraded, and the arms have been more detailed. It also strengthens the ability of the armored division to deal with a variety of combat objects and combat environments.

Take, for example, the 1st Panzer Division of the Imperial Janissary of the Chinese Empire. The 1st Armored Division is subordinate to the 1st Army of the Imperial Janissary Army of the Chinese Empire, and is stationed at the Beiyuan Comprehensive Military Base, with 1 mechanized infantry brigade and 2 armored brigades under its jurisdiction. In addition, there are divisional artillery units, combat aviation brigades, engineer brigades, air defense brigades, as well as communications, intelligence, anti-chemical warfare, and military police units. The total number of personnel is about 17,000, which is 3,000 fewer than the standard establishment of 20,000 front-line armored units of the Imperial Army.

Although the number of armored divisions is smaller, the combat effectiveness has not decreased, but has increased significantly.

The 1st Armored Division of the Royal Praetorian Guard has 1 division headquarters and division headquarters company, 2 armored brigade headquarters and brigade headquarters companies (a total of 6 tank battalions), 1 infantry brigade headquarters and brigade headquarters company (4 infantry battalions), 1 engineer brigade, 1 anti-aircraft artillery battalion, 1 military intelligence battalion, 1 communications battalion, 1 division artillery headquarters (under the jurisdiction of 3 155 mm self-propelled howitzer artillery battalions, 1 227 mm Buran MLRS battalion), 1 division support headquarters, 1 division aviation brigade (under the jurisdiction of 2 attack helicopter battalions, 1 Air Assault Company, 1 Aviation Command Company, 1 Rapid Reaction Squadron), 1 Chemical Company, 1 Military Police Company and 1 Division Band.

The main combat equipment includes: 248 M36A1 King Tiger heavy main battle tanks, 100 M28A3 Leopard medium main battle tanks, 216 M30 wheeled infantry fighting vehicles, 100 M35 Hound light tanks (also known as cavalry fighting vehicles), and 100 Z29 anti-tank fighting vehicles. 308 armored transport vehicles of various types (including ambulances, engineering vehicles, and fuel tank trucks), 167 armored command vehicles of various types (including radar positioning vehicles and radio communication vehicles), 36 Guanghua 41-year attack helicopters, 20 GH-38 armed helicopters of the 38-year type, 36 Guanghua 39-year (GH-39) transport helicopters, and 44 GH-40 reconnaissance helicopters. 72 Guanghua 39-year-old M911 155-mm self-propelled heavy howitzers (tracked chassis), 30 Buran rocket launchers, etc.

In terms of strategic mobility capabilities. In addition to the divisional vanguard and divisional aviation brigades, which can be quickly delivered by the Y-8 Pegasus large transport aircraft of the Imperial Air Command, the rest of the division's heavy equipment (tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, full-tracked (wheeled) armored personnel carriers, self-propelled heavy howitzers, Buran MLRS, etc.) must be transported by sea or land from the forward deployment area to the crisis area. In order to enable the division to form combat effectiveness as soon as possible, all the personnel of the division are usually airlifted to the theater of operations, and the preset transportation vehicles in the theater and at sea are used.

In terms of tactical mobility capabilities. The division has more than 5,700 combat vehicles and transport vehicles of various types, and 136 helicopters of various types, which have strong ground and air tactical mobility capabilities, and can maneuver at a speed of 30 kilometers per hour during the day and 25 kilometers per hour at night. ╔╗ Under non-combat conditions, the maneuver distance can reach 500 kilometers in one day and night, and 150~200 kilometers in one day and night under combat conditions. The 2 battalions of attack helicopters of the divisional aviation brigade have a mobile combat radius of up to 130 km. The transport helicopter transports an infantry company in an air at a time, and the air mobility speed can reach 200 km/h, even if it flies at a ground-grabbing altitude (7~30 meters), it can reach 150 km/h, which is 3~4 times the maneuver speed of its tank and mechanized troops, and can cooperate with armored divisions to carry out company-level air assault operations and airborne operations.

The rapid response plan formulated by the Imperial War Department was that the armored division adopted the strategic maneuver mode of "airlifting, sea, or land transportation of personnel", so that the main force could be quickly and safely delivered to the battlefield to achieve the strategic goal of surprise.

The 1st Armored Division of the Imperial Guard of the Chinese Imperial Guard has always been a model of innovative equipment for the Imperial Army, and all new equipment must be verified by the 1st Armored Division before it is officially equipped with other units.

For the Imperial Chinese Army, high-performance combat vehicles and rocket launchers are no longer a novelty, and even after the establishment of the Army Air Force, the matter of allocating aircraft to armored units has also been experienced. But all kinds of helicopters were in service with the Imperial Army, which was a big novelty.

In fact, the development of helicopters in the Chinese Empire has long been carried out. When Wang Chenhao proposed the development of airplanes, he once mentioned the concept of developing helicopters. It's just that Wang Chenhao can't do everything personally, and all aspects of the early development of the empire need Wang Chenhao's careful guidance. People's mental strength is always limited, and when the Imperial Air Force seized the supremacy of world aviation, Wang Chenhao had long forgotten about the helicopter.

But. The fanatical worship of the emperor throughout the empire has not diminished in the slightest, every word that Wang Chenhao has said. Someone always remembers it clearly. Although Wang Chenhao, who was busy with state affairs, forgot about the helicopter, the Imperial Aviation Committee spent all its thoughts on airplanes and did not attach importance to the research of helicopters, so that the helicopter development project was approved a long time ago, but the progress was very slow. Mainly because the R&D funds for helicopters have been diverted to other projects, and the people who develop helicopters are more dreaming of developing airplanes, and they are not enthusiastic enough about helicopter research and development. ╔╗

But there is one person who has always insisted, and he firmly believes that every word of His Majesty the Emperor Wang Chenhao has far-reaching meaning. This has been believed by the entire Chinese Empire and even the whole world, who firmly believe that Wang Chenhao is a superman with prophetic powers.

This person is Feng Kecai, the son of Feng Ru, the director of the Chinese Imperial Aviation Committee, and the Feng Ru family, who was deeply favored by the emperor, were often able to enter the palace to see the emperor, and Feng Kecai was full of fanatical worship of Wang Chenhao under the influence of his father since he was a child. Once when Feng Ke was playing bamboo dragonflies, Wang Chenhao remembered the matter of the helicopter and mentioned it to Feng Ru beside him by the way, but at that time, the Chinese Empire devoted itself to the development of aircraft, and the theory and experience of helicopters were blank, and Feng Ru focused on developing advanced fighters. There was no time to tinker with the helicopter, and soon it was forgotten.

But Feng Kecai remembered, and in the future of his studies, he gave up his father's path of aircraft design to specialize in helicopter theory.

Thirty years of Guanghua. After graduating, Feng Kecai was directly assigned to work in the Imperial Aviation Committee because of his father. Colleagues looked at him differently, saying he had come in through the back door.

Feng Kecai was born strong, and immediately gave up his job in the aircraft design office, and instead opened a helicopter research and development laboratory alone, which was eight years.

In the past eight years, Feng Kecai, with his amazing perseverance, has completed the all-round demonstration of the helicopter from theory to practice despite the lack of special funds and the absent-mindedness of the laboratory assistants.

The original theory was that of the Chinese bamboo dragonfly. China's bamboo dragonfly provided inspiration for the invention of modern helicopters and pointed out the right direction of thinking. The bamboo dragonfly, also known as the flying spiral and the "Chinese spinning top", is a peculiar invention of the Chinese ancestors. Some believe that China had bamboo dragonflies as early as 400 BC, and another more conservative estimate is that it was in the Ming Dynasty (around 1400 AD). This folk toy called bamboo dragonfly has been handed down to the present. Although modern helicopters are 10 million times more complex than bamboo dragonflies, their flight principles are similar to those of bamboo dragonflies. ╔╗The rotor of a modern helicopter is like the blade of a bamboo dragonfly, the rotor shaft is like the thin bamboo stick of a bamboo dragonfly, and the engine that drives the rotor is like the hands of the bamboo stick that we rub hard. The blades of the bamboo dragonfly are round and blunt in front and sharp in the back, with the upper surface relatively round and the lower surface relatively straight. When the air flow passes through the upper surface of the round arch, its flow velocity is fast and the pressure is small; When the air flow passes over a straight lower surface, its flow velocity is slow and the pressure is high. As a result, a pressure difference is formed between the upper and lower surfaces, and an upward lift is generated. When the lift force is greater than its own weight, the bamboo dragonfly will take off into the air.

Feng Kecai believes that the principle of helicopter rotor to generate lift is the same as that of bamboo dragonfly, based on this principle, he first uses an electric motor to drive the bamboo dragonfly to take off, and then constantly corrects the propeller to summarize the relationship between lift, engine power and helicopter weight. Then, after forming sufficient theoretical data, a simulation experiment is carried out, that is, a large aero engine is used, which is fixed on the lift test instrument, and the speed and lift value of the propeller are tested at full horsepower. Until the lift value exceeds the weight of the simulated helicopter and can fly directly, the design and installation of the helicopter body and control system begins.

But Feng Kecai's helicopter research and development funds are often embezzled or appropriated by other scientific research departments, and the stubborn Feng Kecai refused to go to his boss, let alone mention his father-son relationship with Feng Ru, so he discussed with his mother, and his mother handed over Feng Ru's deposit of 200,000 dragon coins to Feng Kecai, and Feng Kecai used the 200,000 dragon coins to open a children's toy company, specializing in the production of electric helicopter toys for children. Due to the abundance of the Chinese Empire, there were quite a few children who bought electric helicopters. The product quickly caught fire.

Feng Kecai then had a stable source of funds, and gathered a group of people in the company who loved helicopters and were interested in helicopter research to discuss together, and the first self-made helicopter soon came out.

The F-12 (F stands for Feng) is the first single-engine light helicopter developed by Feng Kecai Helicopter Company, and the development work began in the 37th year of Guanghua. The test aircraft F1 to F12 were successively tested within two years, and in the 39th year, the F12 was basically formed, and on March 1 of that year, it obtained the airworthiness certificate issued by the Civil Aviation Administration of the Chinese Empire. This is the world's first civilian helicopter to obtain an airworthiness certificate. The aircraft is a single-rotor seesaw rotor with a tail rotor layout and two blades. There is a stabilizer bar under the rotor at right angles to the blades. The standard automatic tilter allows for total distance and periodic distance change. An all-metal tail rotor with two blades at the rear of the tail boom. ╔╗

The first helicopter is introduced. It was not overly concerned by the global aviation community, but it reminded Wang Chenhao, who was busy with his busy schedule.

Soon, Wang Chenhao summoned Feng Kecai, highly praised his efforts in the development of helicopters, and ordered the Imperial Aviation Administration to immediately set up a helicopter development committee and allocate 220 million dragon coins for the development of armed helicopters, attack helicopters, transport helicopters and other projects.

Wang Chenhao's attention to helicopters naturally attracted great attention from the imperial side, and then Feng Kecai was appointed as the director of the Helicopter Committee, with full responsibility for the development of military combat helicopters.

Feng Kecai on the basis of the F12 civilian helicopter. The fuselage, wing structure, appropriate armor protection, and two light machine guns made the F12 a GH-38 gunship.

According to the definition of the Chinese Imperial Committee, the so-called armed helicopter refers to a helicopter with a certain amount of defensive armor and a small number of self-defense weapons. It differs from attack helicopters in that they are armed to the teeth and equipped with powerful weapons systems designed to attack. And the transport helicopter is quite simple. That is, a small number of personnel and materials can be transported to the battlefield at any time.

GH-38 helicopter gunship, the aircraft has an empty weight of 858 kilograms, a range of 402 kilometers, a fuselage length of 9.63 meters, and a height of 2.83 meters. The rotor diameter is 11.32 meters. The power plant uses an Adel DK92 aviation gasoline engine 6-cylinder engine to provide 308 horsepower, a carrying capacity of 4 stretchers and 800 kg of cargo, a normal cruising speed of 165 km / h, a practical ceiling of 5365 meters, a maximum cruising speed of 205 km per hour, a maximum take-off weight: 1740 kg, a maximum level flight speed of 249 km per hour, a hovering altitude of 5060 meters with ground effect, and a hovering height of 4480 meters without ground effect, as a helicopter gunship, equipped with weapons, Two 7.92mm Browning light machine guns, each with 300 rounds of ammunition.

After the transport helicopter was greatly improved by Beiyang Heavy Industry according to Feng Kecai's F12 civil helicopter, a single-engine double-rotor coaxial light transport helicopter was obtained, named Guanghua 39-year-old GH-39 type, which adopted the new technology of Beiyang weapons, two sets of 3-blade coaxial rotors with opposite rotation directions, and the blades were wooden structures. It is equipped with a 475 hp nine-cylinder radial piston engine. The fuselage is a steel tube welded structure with a light metal skin and a monocoque tail boom. The cockpit can accommodate 1 pilot and 4 heavily armed fighters. With a four-wheeled landing gear, the nose gear wheels can be turned freely.

According to Wang Chenhao's requirements, helicopters should be used to support ground troops in combat, especially the installation of large-caliber heavy machine guns to strafe the enemy's living forces on the ground, which is more effective than the ultra-low-altitude fire of attack aircraft, and can inflict a fatal blow on the enemy's armored forces after being equipped with anti-tank rockets or high-explosive rockets. In Wang Chenhao's mind, attack helicopters are the enemy's nightmare and the nemesis of armored forces.

Due to Wang Chenhao's special instructions, the imperial side paid close attention to attack helicopters.

The attack helicopter was directly developed by Feng Kecai's helicopter company, which was also a reward from Wang Chenhao to Feng Kecai, and the research and development funds of up to 110 million dragon coins were directly injected into Feng Kecai's company, which made Feng Kecai and the staff of the whole company work hard as if they had eaten stimulants.

During this period, Wang Chenhao informed Feng Kecai of the characteristics of the attack helicopter (Longbow Apache) in his impression, which naturally benefited Feng Kecai a lot, and many other airlines successively got the news and launched the development of helicopters, striving for a piece of the pie, but because there was no special guidance from Wang Chenhao, the specific performance requirements of the attack helicopter were not well grasped, so that in the end the products they took out could not be comparable to Feng Kecai's.

The GH-41 helicopter gunship only came out at the beginning of Guanghua's 41st year, and after Wang Chenhao's guidance, the world's first helicopter gunship achieved amazing combat performance.

The GH-41 gunship, with a rated crew of two, a pilot and a co-pilot-gunner, is located in the cabin of a tandem layout with a very good view. The long rotor diameter is 13.62 meters, the height is 4.2 meters, the empty weight is 3.1 tons, and the maximum take-off weight is 5 tons.

In order to obtain a powerful lifting capacity, the GH-41 abandoned the piston engine and replaced it with a technically mature turboshaft engine, the Adel DPK-3000 gasoline engine, with a horsepower output of 1880, which allowed the helicopter to reach a maximum speed of 277 kilometers per hour, a range of 510 kilometers, a practical ceiling of 3720 meters, and a climb rate: 8.2 meters per second.

In terms of weapons, the GH-41 is the two biggest points, under the special instructions of Wang Chenhao, Feng Kecai designed and equipped two parallel 12.7 mm M2 heavy machine guns, each with 1200 rounds of ammunition, located under the nose, can rotate the attack angle, mainly hit the enemy personnel on the ground. In addition, four hardpoints stretch out on both sides of the helicopter fuselage, which can be mounted with four 70mm rocket launchers, and four rockets can be loaded inside, a total of 16 can be attached externally, which can be used to attack the enemy's fortified positions, oil depots, armored combat vehicles and other targets.

In general, it is a cause for celebration that the Chinese Empire was able to develop advanced helicopter gunships in the early forties. However, because the helicopter technology as a whole is not very mature and the production cost is too high, in order to save costs, most helicopters use piston engines, which have low power, low specific power (about 1.3 kW/kg) and low specific volume (about 247.5 kg/m3), but also low price. In addition to the need to use expensive turboshaft engines to improve combat performance in attack helicopters, other helicopters do not need to install high-performance engines for the time being.

However, there are still many disadvantages, such as the use of wooden or steel-wood hybrid structure of rotor blades, except for attack helicopters, which have a short life of about 600 flight hours. The propeller airfoil is symmetrical, the tip of the propeller is rectangular, the aerodynamic efficiency is low, the rotor lift-to-drag ratio is about 6.8, and the rotor efficiency is usually 0.6. The body structure adopts an all-metal frame type, and the ratio of empty weight to total weight is large, about 0.65. There are no necessary navigation equipment, only visual flight instruments with a single function, and the communication equipment is a tube device. Poor dynamics, low maximum flight speed (about 200 km / h), noise level of about 110 decibels, poor ride comfort.

Although there are still various defects and deficiencies in helicopters, on the whole, the Chinese Empire was able to come up with helicopters and equip them for use by the army's armored forces, which greatly improved the combat capability of the front-line armored forces. Especially the GH-41 attack helicopter, with its powerful firepower, is an absolute nightmare for enemy ground forces. As a result, the GH-41 was given the nickname of the Grim Reaper when it first came out, and soon made its debut in World War II.

For the Imperial Air Force, with attack helicopters and gunships, large transport aircraft can be used as a guard and defense when they take off and land.

After evaluating the role of attack helicopters, the Imperial General Staff believed that attack helicopters would bring an additional 40% increase in attack power to the armored forces, and their combat effectiveness should not be underestimated.

As a result, the imperial side vigorously purchased all kinds of military helicopters, especially the GH-41 attack helicopter, and purchased 1,200 in one go, but the unit price was as high as 350,000 dragon coins of attack helicopters, and the wealthy emperor also felt a headache, or Wang Chenhao explained to the Congress alone, and finally persuaded the Congress to add this huge amount of helicopter procurement costs to the military.