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Ming Zheng Zhi I am Zheng Kezang 454_ Ming Zheng Zhi I am Zheng Ke Zang full text free reading_454

The Tibetans first lived on both sides of the middle reaches of the Brahmaputra River in Tibet, and in the archaeological excavations in Nyalam, Nagqu, Nyingchi, Qamdo and other areas, there were cultural relics of the Neo-Paleolithic Age. According to ancient Tibetan historical documents, the Shannan region of Tibet was the first to form a clan called "Bo" of the six yak tribes. In the Biography of Xiqiang, it is called "Qiang". During the Northern and Southern Dynasties of the Central Plains, the Yalong tribal leaders in the Shannan region became the leaders of the local tribal alliance, known as "Zampu" (Wang), and had entered the slave society and had direct contacts with the Han and the ethnic tribes in the northwest region.

During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the Yalong tribe annexed the Subi and Yangtong tribes by force, and Zanpu Songtsen Gampo ruled the entire Tibetan region. Since then, he has established the capital of Luosa (present-day Lhasa), set up officials and appointed posts, divided military and political regions, created zào scripts, formulated laws, unified weights and measures, and established a slave dynasty called itself "Bo", which is called "Tubo" in Chinese historical books.

After the establishment of the Tibetan government, the Tibetans and the Han nationality as the main body of the various ethnic groups in the political, economic, cultural and other aspects of the exchanges, there has been a great exhibition, Tubo and the Tang Dynasty contact is increasingly frequent, among them, Tang Taizong Zhenguan fifteen years (641 years), Zampu Songtsan Gampo and Tang Wencheng princess marriage, Tang Ruizong Jingyun first year (71o years), Zampu Dezuzan and Tang Jincheng princess marriage. The two princesses successively introduced the high civilization of the Tang Dynasty and the advanced production technology of the Central Plains to Tibet, and the envoys between the Tang Dynasty and the Tibetans continued to go to Tibet, and the Tibetans sent their children to Chang'an to study, and welcomed the Confucianists and craftsmen of the Tang Dynasty to come to Tibet, which played a positive role in strengthening the relationship between the Tibetan and Han nationalities, strengthening economic and cultural exchanges, and promoting the development of Tibetan society.

But peace between Tang and Tibet was not the mainstream, and the two countries fought a long and brutal war.

Tubo conquered the Tuyuhun in Qinghai and the Nanzhao in Yunnan, and successively annexed the Qiang in the northwest and the barbarian tribes in the southwest. However, due to the long-term use of troops, Tibet's domestic manpower and material resources have been greatly depleted, social production has been destroyed, and internal contradictions have become increasingly intensified. At the end of the Five Dynasties, the Tibetan royal family was divided and infighting, and a huge uprising of slaves and subjects broke out in various regions, which greatly shook the rule of the Tibetan regime, and the Tibetan slave society gradually disintegrated.

Since then, the entire Tibetan region has not been subordinate to each other, forming a situation of division and separation in the transition to feudal serfdom.

Among them, in the western part of Tibet, the long-lasting Ali local government was established; The Liugu tribe in central Gansu Province and the Gang tribe in eastern Qinghai were canonized by the central government and engaged in the tea and horse trade between the Han and Tibetan ethnic groups.

In the rest of the Tibetan areas, many powerful groups dominated by local wealthy clans gradually emerged in the political area; Economically, it gradually became a number of self-sufficient settlements based on individual small production, and exchange developed to a certain extent; Buddhism, which had long been introduced from India and Han China, absorbed some of the contents of the original religion of the Tibetan region, and was widely believed by the people, and gradually formed into a local religion with sects all over the country, that is, the so-called Tibetan Buddhism.

The spread and spread of Tibetan Buddhism permeated all areas of Tibetan people's lives, and the upper echelons of monasteries were often closely integrated with local wealthy clans, resulting in a theocratic system under the rule of emerging local powers.

The Yuan dynasty unified the division of the Tibetan region under the rule of the central dynasty. The central government set up the Xuanzheng Yuan (originally known as the General System Yuan) to manage the national Buddhist affairs and the military and political affairs of the Tibetan region, with the fifth patriarch of the Sakya sect in Tibet, Phagsipa as the emperor's teacher and concurrently the Xuanzheng Yuan. In the Tibetan settlements, three marshal's offices were set up to govern the Tibetan areas of the northwest and southwest provinces and the Tibetan areas, and 130,000 households were set up in Wusizang (referring to the former and post-Tibetan areas east of Ali), and personnel were sent to check household registration, establish post stations, and determine taxes. The central government issued a fief document affirming the possession of the manor by the feudal lords in various places, and sealed letters and decrees to establish the functions and powers of officials at all levels, which was known as the "land of counties and counties" in the Yuan Dynasty, which was the beginning of the official system of the central government in Tibet. The administration of the Tibetan areas in the Ming and Qing dynasties was carried out on the basis of the old system of the Yuan Dynasty.

The Ming Dynasty basically inherited the method of ruling and managing the Tibetan areas in the northwest and southwest, and regressed the policy of "multiple feudals and public construction" in the Tibetan region, and successively divided the three major Dharma kings and the five local kings. At the same time, the tribute and reward of the guò are exchanged with each other, reflecting the subordinate relationship between Tibet and the central government.

After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming court's control over Tibet was increasingly weakened. In the Ming Dynasty, the 4th Panchen Lama invited the Mongolian Weitra tribe to move into Qinghai, and the Heshute tribe led Gushi Khan to occupy Kamu (Kham District), Wei (Qianzang), Zang (Later Tibet) and captured Lhasa, driving out the Zangpa Khan who believed in the Karma Kagyu school, so that the Yellow Sect finally established the highest religious status in Mongolia and Tibet.

After the Qing court entered the Central Plains, because the whip commander was unable to take care of the distant Qinghai-Tibet Kangwei for a while, it could only adopt a policy of fetter, canonizing the Dalai Lama and recognizing the authority of King Heshute Khan to maintain suzerainty over the plateau. However, with the prosperity of the Jungar Empire, the two places fell into the hands of Arabutan.

However, the extremely prosperous Zungar Empire no longer had the strength to further encroach on the Kham region, thus creating a buffer zone between Weizang and Sichuan and Yunnan, which were controlled by the Central Plains Dynasty, and the local tusi and monasteries exercised ruling power, becoming a small local government nominally subordinate to Lhasa but in fact independent.

The Qing government in Sichuan, which was in a confrontation with Zheng Fan, was unable to control these Tusi, but the Huaxia Dynasty, which had recaptured the whole of Sichuan, was unwilling to give up control of them. On September 14 of the second year of Wucheng, that is, the day after the Huaxia Dynasty officially established Xichuan Province, Wuchangxing immediately ordered the establishment of the Xichuan Branch of the Prime Minister's Yamen for Foreign Affairs in Chengdu and sent ambassadors to the province.

At the beginning of December of the second year of Wucheng, the Huaxia Dynasty set up the Songpan Xuanfu and Pacification Division on the basis of Songpanwei in the Ming Dynasty and Songpan Town of the Qing Army, and set up the Lifan Xuanxuan Comfort and Pacification Division (Li County) on the basis of the Zagu Pacification Division in the Ming Dynasty.

On February 15 of the third year of Wucheng, the Huaxia Dynasty appointed the prefect of Yazhou to concurrently serve as the Kang-Tibet Propaganda and Pacification Envoy to control the Tibetan area west of the Dadu River; On the same day, the Xichuan Branch of the Prime Minister's Fanyang Affairs Yamen and the Ningyuan Propaganda and Pacification Envoy were set up in Xuyong, and the Ningyuan Prefect served as the pacification envoy to Muli, Yanyuan, Yanbian, Huili, Yuewang and other places to exercise restraint on Tibet and Yi

"Lord Liu, although this official was appointed to take charge of the prefect of Yazhou, he mainly focused on Tibetan affairs, and the political affairs of each county also asked Lord Liu to praise him." Zhuge Fengye, who had just been transferred from the center to the prefect of Yazhou, said to the two middle-aged men in front of him. "As for the management and construction of the city, please also ask Lord Wang to take care of it."

The local organizational structure of the Huaxia Dynasty was different from that of previous dynasties. Among them, the government is set up from the fourth grade of the prefect of one person, from the fifth grade of the same knowledge of one person, from the five grades of the general judgment according to the size of the house set up one to three people, in addition to the seven grades of the house master book, from the seven grades of the grinding and experience of each one, the officials range from the following. Among them, Tongzhi should be regarded as the deputy of the prefect, the general judge is the prison officer, and the chief bookkeeper, Zhaoma, and experience should be regarded as office personnel. As for the nine rooms such as the officials' room, the workshop, the water room, and the punishment room, as well as the treasury order, although they are also part of the government, they are only administrative organs. Moreover, according to Zheng Kezang's order to attach Guo to leave the city early in the morning, the (government) city management is usually the responsibility of the general judge, so there are Zhuge Maple Leaf's words.

There are two levels of status between the general judge and the prefect, Wang Tongju is naturally submissive, and Liu Tongzhi is also respectful, this is because although the Tongzhi and the prefect are only one level apart in name, in fact, this level is actually extremely difficult to cross. Generally speaking, it is necessary to have the seniority of the members of the Ministry and the governors of the Zhili Prefecture to take a step forward, not to mention that Zhuge Maple Leaf also serves as the Kangzang Propaganda and Pacification Envoy, and the grade is even higher, which is equivalent to the four products left behind in the Left-behind Mansion.

Therefore, the two of them responded respectfully: "Please rest assured, the lower officials and others know what to do." ”

Zhuge Maple Ye nodded, and turned his gaze behind the two of them: "My lords, the barbarians are afraid of power but not virtue, to suppress the Kamu Zhufan, the soldiers are indispensable, although He Zongzhen has sent a brigade of people, but there are still many deficiencies in order to deter Zhufan, so clarifying the household registration in the mansion and verifying the acres of land is the most important task, and you must not slack off." ”

Zhuge Maple Leaf's first fire when the new official took office was actually Qingzhang Tianmu and Qingqing Hukou, which made the officials present a little frightened, among which Xia Huaien, who was formerly the magistrate of the southern county of the Qing court, took the brunt of this matter, so he hesitated for a moment and stood up: "Fuzun, although it is the national policy of the imperial court to clarify the population and acres, the situation in Yazhou Mansion is different from other places. ”

The so-called difference is said to be a mixture of Han and Tibetan in the population of Yazhou, which will lead to chaos if you are not careful, and there are quite a lot of soldiers and civilians in eastern Sichuan who moved with Li Sijiu, which also makes Xia Huaien quite jealous: "I think it is better to calm down for the time being." ”

"Calm down?" Zhuge Maple sneered. "He Zhen is in Chengdu, and the adults think that anyone dares to take the risk."

These words are a bit murderous, the Chinese Dynasty did not kill many less people who did not obey than the Qing court, so not to mention He Gan's 80,000 army, even the only brigade stationed in Yazhou Mansion was enough to make the large and small Han and Tibetan tyrants frightened.

Seeing Xia Huaien's silent look, Zhuge Fengye didn't say much, but just commanded one person in the back row: "Mao Sikong, you have to work harder here, go to Chengdu a few more times, and ask the Chengdu Ministry of Industry to make Wang Hanzhen Wang ask for more cement. ”

In the eyes of Zhuge Maple Leaf, this road is not only the key to connecting Chengdu, but also the key to the infiltration of the Chinese Dynasty into the Kang District, and even the exchanges with Lhasa depend on the smooth flow of this road, so he paid great attention to it: "Although the imperial court does not levy the people to work, the imperial court did not say that the Tibetan people can be regarded as one, and this official can be regarded as a touchstone, to see how many Kang Tusi are subservient"

Ming Zheng Zhi I am Zheng Kezang 454_ Ming Zheng Zhi I am Zheng Ke Zang full text free reading_454.Fan District (I can only say I'm sorry, tomorrow I will have an eight-day group) update!