The famous historian Mr. Huang Renyu, in his famous book "The Great History of China", clearly divided Chinese history into two imperial stages, namely, the first Chinese empire - the 400 years of the Qin and Han dynasties; The Second Chinese Empire - 300 years of the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

If the Song and Ming dynasties were to be referred to as the Third Reich or the Fourth Reich, it would be very controversial. Then, calling the Qin and Han dynasties the first golden empire and the Sui and Tang dynasties the second golden empire should be the consensus of most people.

In the historical consciousness of most Chinese, there is no era that makes most Chinese feel more proud and heartily burst out with a strong sense of national pride than these two great eras. After the Qin and Han dynasties, before the Sui and Tang dynasties, there was a period of vigorous division between the Wei, Jin, Wuhu, and Northern and Southern Dynasties in Chinese history.

As a transitional stage between the First Empire and the Second Empire, the Wei, Jin, Wuhu, Southern and Northern Dynasties played an extremely important role in inheriting the Qin and Han dynasties and the Sui and Tang dynasties. It can even be said that without the contrast of this dream era full of blood and killing, the Qin and Han dynasties would have lost their lustre, and the Sui and Tang dynasties would have been dull.

If we look at the history of the Wei, Jin, Wuhu, and Southern and Northern Dynasties according to the mainstream view of history, we will find that the national question cannot be bypassed in any case. In this period of more than 300 years of collision between the two different civilizations of the Han and the Hu people, there was suspicion and cooperation; There is exclusion, and there is integration.

But in the end, integration was the mainstream, and the farming civilization represented by the Han people and the nomadic fishing and hunting civilization represented by the Xianbei people were integrated, thus opening the magnificent journey of the Second Empire of the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

Since the collapse of Western Jin rule, several major ethnic groups active in northern China, in addition to the Han Chinese, also include the Xiongnu, Qian, Di, Qiang, and Xianbei people.

In this specific historical period of Wuhu, in order to compete for the right to rule the Central Plains, Wuhu has gone through a hundred years of fighting, and staged scenes of life dramas that make people's blood boil and sigh.

In the Hundred Years War of Wuhu, it was the Xianbei people who finally had the last laugh. The Xianbei people are a nomadic and fishing and hunting civilization at the same time. The impact on Chinese history is not insignificant.

The emergence of the Second Empire of the Sui and Tang Dynasties had the most direct relationship with the Xianbei people, and the rulers of the Sui and Tang dynasties all came from the Wuchuan military group, which was dominated by the Xianbei people.

But if it is said that the Sui and Tang dynasties were founded by the Xianbei people, the available evidence is not sufficient to prove this. This cannot be proved by the maternal lineage of the Sui and Tang royal families. If this logic is followed, the Northern Wei Dynasty established by the Xianbei people can be identified as a Han regime, because the mother of the Northern Wei Emperor is overwhelmingly Han Chinese.

Again. The rulers of the Sui and Tang dynasties never considered themselves Xianbei people, and they had a strong national identity with the Han people, which already shows a qiē. Another point that needs to be said is that Tang Taizong Li Shimin's mother Dou is not a Xianbei person, but a Han person.

Regarding the origin of Xianbei, it was first seen in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. Xianbei Biography", Xianbei was originally a branch of the Donghu tribe, and later migrated to Xianbei Mountain (the northern section of the Great Xing'an Mountains) to live, taking the name of the mountain as the clan name, and since then calling itself Xianbei.

On the cliff of the northern section of the Great Xing'an Mountains in the territory of the Oroqen Autonomous Banner of Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia. There is a cave facing southwest, and the entrance of the cave is surrounded by dense vegetation, and the cave is cool and moist.

This cave is called Gaxian Cave, and it is from here that the Xianbei people entered the big stage of Chinese history and created a vigorous and heart-wrenching history, which greatly changed the course of Chinese history. Xianbei is a people who take fishing and hunting as their main way of life, they fish and shoot, wear animal skins, live in the dome, and live a happy life between the endless white mountains and black waters.

History has proven it. Fishing and hunting peoples such as the Xianbei, Khitan, and Jurchen were often more receptive to agricultural civilization than the traditional nomadic peoples such as the Xiongnu, Rouran, and Turkic.

Among the three major civilizations, the fishing and hunting civilization is a transitional civilization between the agricultural civilization and the nomadic civilization, so once the fishing and hunting people are connected with the agricultural civilization with the Han nationality as the main body, they will soon be "feudalized".

The Qiang and Di people among the five Hu. It is a typical mountain farming people, which is very close to the way of life of the Han people, so their Sinicization process is earlier than that of the Xianbei people. It is no accident that the Xianbei people stand out in the competition of the Wuhu, because in the middle and late stages of the Wuhu, the power of the Xianbei people has occupied an overwhelming advantage.

Among the five hus, the former Yan, the latter Yan, the southern Yan, the Western Qin, and the southern Liang, as well as the Daiguo, the Western Yan, and the Tuyuhun that are not counted in the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms. They were all built by Xianbei people. Among them, the Daiguo is the predecessor of the Northern Wei Empire established by the Xianbei Tuoba Department.

The Yuwen family

The history of the Yuwen clan starts from legends, such as the origin of various nations in the world is accompanied by beautiful myths, the ancestors of each dynasty have the characteristics of gods, and beautiful legends can not only satisfy the vanity of those in power, but also play a more powerful role than force in some specific eras.

Legend has it that after Jiang Ziya caught the big fish of King Wen of Zhou with a straight hook on the bank of the Weishui River, he asked King Wen to be his own rickshaw driver.

Xibohou He, who has been clothed and fed since he was a child, has suffered this great crime, gritted his teeth and insisted on walking 800 steps before he was so tired that he was out of breath and stopped, planning to rest and go again, Jiang Ziya said No need to pull, you pulled me and walked 800 steps, I will protect you for 800 years.

"Say it early, say it early and I'm tired to death, I'm going to walk 10,000 steps", King Wen is said to be very depressed, although the story is far-fetched, but it makes me firmly remember that the longest surviving dynasty in Chinese history is the Zhou Dynasty, and the history of the Zhou Dynasty recorded in writing, starting from the middle of the 11th century BC (counted as 1050 BC) and ending in 256 BC, 800 years is true! It can be seen that the legends are not all nonsense, the teaching materials of the folk history literacy class are romances, legends and stories, and I was attracted by Li Yuanba and also learned about Li Yuan, Li Shimin and Xuanwumen.

After the fall of the first Zhou Dynasty in history, in the long history of the Northern Zhou Dynasty established by the Yuwen family, the Wu Zhou established by Wu Zetian, and the Later Zhou established by Chai Rong of the Five Dynasties, all the restricted words were imposed by later generations without the permission of the patentee, and the Northern Zhou people would only say "how I am in the Great Zhou" instead of "how I am in the Northern Zhou", and the legend of the Zhou Dynasty of eight hundred years has made the emperors of later generations admire. The Northern Zhou Dynasty rose in the most shining era of the Wuhu, and although it belonged to the Hu regime, it held high the banner of "Zhou Li".

The establishment of the Jin Dynasty ended the chaos of the Three Kingdoms, but the Jin Dynasty was quickly defeated by internal enemies, and the northern ethnic groups took advantage of the weakness to enter. The Jin family was forced to go to the southeast corner, and the Wuhu people sang and I appeared, and the Central Plains region fell into a more chaotic era, and after more than 100 years of fighting, killing and killing, there was a situation of three kingdoms again. This is called the latter three countries.

The three protagonists of the Later Three Kingdoms are the Northern Qi, the Northern Zhou and the Southern Chen, and the order of strength and weakness of the Three Kingdoms is so arranged, as is the order of their final demise, the first to die is the most powerful Northern Qi, and the second is the second powerful Northern Zhou. The weakest Chen dynasty held out until it was finally unified by the Great Sui. The rise of the Sui and Tang dynasties was closely linked to the Northern Zhou Dynasty.

The Northern Zhou Dynasty Kaiji is surnamed Yuwen Mingtai, the word Black Otter, the origin is the generation of Beiwuchuan, the nationality is controversial, when filling out the form, it is usually written Xianbei, but there are always people behind his back who say that he is a Huns, and it is not to blame everyone, there is no written history that is more likely to cause confusion, and the Han people who know the history of writing words look at the nomadic tribes of the northern steppes.

There are sea otters, otters, and marmots. Yuwentai lives in the northern savannah, and the one he can see is probably marmot, which has a resounding name called marmot, a clever little animal.

In fact, the black otter is only the pronunciation of the Chinese character of Xianbei language, Tai and the otter are similar in pronunciation, and the ethnic people known as the Hu people in the north are attracted by the Han culture, and take a more elegant Chinese character similar to their own name as the Chinese name, called the elegant name, and their original name is generally used as the character.

For example, another hero who is on an equal footing with Yuwentai, Xianbei Han Gao Huan. The word He Liuhun is naturally his Xianbei name. After the establishment of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the ancestors of the Yuwen family also became glamorous.

As a result, one legend after another was created. In this story. The deeds of the ancestors of the Yuwen family have been traced back to the legendary characters of the Great War in the Central Plains in ancient times, the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan defeated the Yandi Shennong, the Yandi tribe and the Yellow Emperor tribe merged into a new tribal alliance, and the new tribal alliance defeated the Chiyou tribe, and the Xiaxia tribe was born in the smoke of the war, so today we proudly call ourselves the descendants of Yan and Huang.

Although the tribe of the Yan Emperor has collapsed. The descendants of the Shennong clan were not killed, one of them left the Central Plains and ran to the northern prairie, and since then they have lost their farm tools and picked up the horse whip, and the descendants of the Shennong clan have evolved into a nomadic tribe of herding horses and sheep.

For example, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty said that he was a descendant of Taishang Laojun Li Er, and Zhu Yuanzhang, the Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, had to say that he was Zhu Xi's filial son and grandson, and there was a glamorous ancestor who seemed authentic and appealing, but unfortunately, who would believe it.

Believe it or not, anyway, the descendants of the Shennong clan are living in the grass, and the customs and habits are getting farther and farther away from the Chinese civilization in the Central Plains, and they are becoming more and more like barbarians. Until a man named Ge Wusu appeared in the tribe, the Shennong clan of the barbarian clan developed again.

Ge Wusu is brave and strategic, and is deeply loved by the people of the northern grasslands. There are many tribes on the grassland, and everyone runs a family business, a tribe and a company, from the chairman to the employees, all of them are their own families. At that time, there was a backward tribe that originated in the Great Xianbei Mountain, although it was not strong but smart enough, and it was difficult to develop and grow with its own strength, so it actually invited Ge Wusu to be the boss.

Nowadays, some family businesses, often the company develops to a certain scale and collapses, their problem is that they do not realize that the company has to get out of the strange circle of the family business to develop, and needs to find a professional manager to manage.

So Ge Wusu became the leader of a Xianbei people. Ge Wusu did not disappoint everyone, under his leadership, this Xianbei tribe gradually became stronger, and for a while the nearby steppe tribes took refuge, and twelve tribes successively united around Ge Wusu, and they formed a tribal alliance organization similar to that of a country.

Ge Wusu did not learn from the fake Three Kings and Five Sages in the Central Plains to engage in hypocritical Zen concessions, but passed on his son after his death, and passed on his grandson after his son's death.

I don't know how many years have passed, when the "adult" Puhui picked up the treasure when hunting, it was a piece of jade seal used by the Yellow Emperor in the Central Plains, a big seal made of jade, and there was a text on it indicating that it was the emperor's seal.

Pu Hui didn't know which master to instruct, understand what was going on with the emperor, the whole world was the emperor's territory, all the people were the emperor's people, and of course, there were three thousand beauties in the harem, that was the most powerful person in the world, so Pu Hui was very excited, he thought that this was a hint from God to him, indicating that God opened his eyes to let him recast the glory of his ancestors.

If that's not what God meant, why give me a big seal? Hungry? In the Xianbei language, the sky is called "Yu", and the emperor is called "Wen", so Puhui led the Xianbei Twelve to build a country, we will not be called a tribe in the future, we will also build a country like the Central Plains, as for the country name, it will be called "Yuwen Country".

Since then, the descendants of Puhui have taken the country as their surname, and Puhui is called Yuwen Puhui, and a great surname Yuwen was born. The Northern Wei Dynasty was a country founded by the Xianbei Tuoba tribe, and when they moved from nomads to settlers, and more importantly, came into contact with Han culture, they immediately set off a vigorous movement to make ancestors.

In this movement, the Yellow Emperor was brought out as an ancestor, so the Confucian families of the Han nationality in the Central Plains suddenly discovered that these northern barbarians who rode horses and archery were actually the descendants of Yan and Huang.

The Northern Wei royal family said that they were the descendants of the Yellow Emperor, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty said that they were the descendants of the Yan Emperor. (To be continued.) )