Chapter 52

"For the politicians of the 19th century, it seems that they will never be able to see the connection between politicians and science and technology, and they can also ignore the attitude of the state towards science and technology, since the Industrial Revolution, the development of science and technology in Europe and the United States has been concentrated in the hands of individual inventors, scholars and enterprises. In the late 19th century, in the face of the country's overall backwardness in science and technology, China chose a completely different path -- to promote www.biquge.info the research and development of science and technology with the power of the government...... Looking back on the following decades, the strategic planning of scientific and technological innovation has two distinctive characteristics, which have improved the effectiveness, guidance and implementation of the plan. The first is multi-level planning-planning: non-formal system design, "why change", "participants", and "strategy/strategy" throughout the design; The second is the great synergy of innovation management: the "visible hand" is invisible, and on the basic paper of operation constructed in accordance with the law, relying on the management mechanism of multiple collaborations, it produces a forward-looking and leading single plan...... And this ambitious change, which even changed the pattern of science and technology in the world, began at the end of 1892......"

History of Science and Technology in the Twentieth Century

In the snowstorm, a carriage drove into Mukden City, and John, who was sitting in the carriage? Holland looked curiously at the Chinese city outside the car window, as an Irishman he was unfamiliar with China, although this did not prevent him from learning many "lies" about the Chinese through the newspaper, what dirty, despicable, unhygienic, in his opinion is a complete lie, at least in his seven months, the Chinese are even more hygienic than the Americans, except for the farmers in the countryside, of course.

In the last seven months, though. The China he came into contact with. It has always been a "colony" of China. And not native China -- to this day, John? Holland finally came to the mainland of China, to Mukden.

Seven months ago, John Brown, who was left in debt because of the destruction of the launch test of the submarine "Zalinsky", fell into a low price and went into debt? Holland accepted an offer from Beiyang Shipbuilding to become a naval engineer at the Incheon shipyard for the past seven months on submarines, which he loved. He has been summing up past experience in order to study new submarines, and even he already has ambitious plans to build new ones.

It was at this time that he was suddenly informed that the Committee on Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense was to consider his report, and that this committee was a newly established body, which was directly accountable to the Governor, and which, of course, in the eyes of some might be the plaything of the Governor, but no one could deny that the Governor had many scientific merits.

"150,000! Only 150,000! Well, 100,000 can also be ......"

After retracting your gaze from the window. John? Holland was thinking about the funding he hoped for, even though he was an engineer at the shipyard. Although the Incheon Shipyard's shipbuilding program includes the Navy's 1,000-ton mine-strike ships, 2,000-ton small armored cruisers, and smaller gunboats of several hundred tons, there is no place for submarines, and even those naval officers are not very enthusiastic about submarines.

For the navies of various countries, submarines are not a new thing, in the past hundred years or so there have been a variety of submarines have been made, and without exception have had catastrophic consequences, and even some people say that "no one will sit on that thing to the bottom of the sea to die", submarines may be fresh, maybe they can attack from the sea, defeat a more powerful surface fleet, but it always has too many shortcomings, a submarine sunk in the sea speaks for itself, just like many designers? Holland didn't give up.

But the navy is different from the designers, they are cautious about submarines, even the Northeast Navy, this new navy with only a few training ships, for submarines, a weapon to "defeat the enemy", is also extremely cautious, on the one hand, they are willing to invest in research, but on the other hand, they are not willing to waste valuable money to build submarines.

It was also John, who was at a loss, in trouble? Holland received this telegram from Mukden, and this telegram gave him hope -- although the National Defense Science, Technology and Industry Committee had just been established, it had already funded a number of projects, and even received thousands of dollars from the committee for the extremely unrealistic "fantasy" of "developing a suffocating poison gas that could be used on the battlefield" proposed by a student in the chemistry department of the same college of letters, so Holland believed that his idea would definitely win their approval.

“…… The British Navy is so powerful that it is difficult for almost any country to challenge, and the Royal Navy under the "two-power standard" is enough to deter any country in the world that tries to challenge them, and it is also an insurmountable object for backward countries to build their navies......"

John? Holland did not expect that he would be able to enter the Governor's Palace directly and explain his idea to the Governor in person, originally he thought that he would speak in the conference room of the National Defense Science, Technology and Industry Committee, but now he came to the conference room of the Governor's Palace.

Listen to John? Huo Lan's explanation, Tang Haoran had a smile on his face, if it wasn't for the establishment of the committee, requiring all enterprises of the company to report their scientific research projects, I am afraid that he would miss the inventor of the submarine, and even the Northeast Navy in the grass will also miss the submarine as a sharp weapon.

On the other hand, Tang Haoran has a good impression of the company, and they can always recruit some seemingly down-and-out engineers, who will always surprise the company in some way, although there are few such as John? Holland generally has the reputation of "the father of submarines", but at least their talents are not buried.

Secretly rejoicing, Tang Haoran looked at John? Holland brought a dozen blueprints, based on his love of military affairs, he was able to see the shortcomings in their design, more accurately the "fatal wound", and John? Holland is known as the "father of submarines" precisely because he solved this problem in history.

"Well, Mr. Holland, although it is possible to sail with a gasoline engine on the surface, the problem of the air required for the gasoline engine when underwater navigation has not been solved, so as soon as the submarine dives underwater, the engine naturally stops working. How did you deal with this, please! ”

This is the key to submarines, and it was Holland who solved this problem in history. In fact, the solution to the problem is very simple - battery plus electric motor.

"Your Excellency, Marshal. If you asked me this question half a year ago. I may not be able to answer you, but now I can tell you that I have thought of a solution to the problem, thanks of course to your creativity! My idea is a lead-acid battery as well as an electric motor! ”

When he said this, Holland specially bowed to Tang Haoran and thanked him, and the thanks in his mouth were the electric torpedoes developed by the shipyard, because the most well-known White blackhead torpedo at this time used compressed air as power, so the key to making torpedoes was the compressed air bottle. Its cylinders determined the range and speed of the torpedoes, and the best cylinders were completely controlled by the British, who were extremely expensive due to their technological monopoly.

When the shipyard developed gas cylinders to solve the key technology for the production of torpedoes, Tang Haoran, who visited the shipyard, put forward a proposal to use lead-acid batteries and electric motors as power, and it was this suggestion that changed the road of torpedoes in China, and compared with compressed air torpedoes, its performance is more advanced, there is no obvious bubble wake formed by the exhaust gas in the water, nor is there the unstable depth of the torpedo that reduces the weight after the gas is discharged, and there is no wake track at all when sailing. And the fixed depth is stable, and it has the advantage of straight track. Of course, this is related to the use of gyroscopes to counteract the deflection torque.

It was through the knowledge of electric torpedoes that Horan saw hope for solving the problem of submarine underwater navigation - using batteries and electric motors to power underwater navigation.

"I have calculated that the battery in the battery compartment should be able to meet the needs of the submarine for 20-40 nautical miles underwater, and it will be enough to lurk underwater for several hours, so that it can ambush the enemy fleet on the route that must pass, and use the torpedo to give the enemy fleet the deadliest blow, and the electric torpedo invented by your Excellency, after launch, has no trace at all, which will make the submarine the deadliest killer in the sea!"

Nothing is better suited to a submarine than a torpedo than any weapon, and Incheon's electric torpedo is undoubtedly better suited to a submarine than a White blackhead torpedo, and even Holland envisioned developing a new launch method to replace compressed air launches, thus avoiding revealing the submarine's position when firing torpedoes, believing that if this problem was solved, his submarines would reverse the way naval warfare had been done for centuries. It only takes a small submarine to sink a battleship of nearly 10,000 tons.

“…… At that time, the mode of naval warfare in the world will undergo a fundamental change, a submarine of tens of tons can easily sink a warship of tens of thousands of tons, even the most powerful fleet cannot ignore the threat from underwater, but it does not have any ability to fight back against the threat from underwater, Your Excellency Marshal, there is nothing more suitable for the weak Chinese Navy than submarines! Submarines can help China gain sea supremacy, even if it is as powerful as the United Kingdom, it cannot challenge China's sea supremacy! ”

Compared with Holland's excitement, Tang Haoran, who had witnessed U-boats sending merchant ships and warships into the sea in the documentary, naturally knew the advantages and disadvantages of submarines, to a certain extent, submarines were just hooligans in the sea, a hooligan who did not aim to seize sea supremacy, but only to prevent the enemy from using sea supremacy, just like hooligans in the vegetable market, his purpose was not to make money, but to make others not make money.

Whether it was World War I or World War II, U-boats were certainly pushed to the top in the hands of the German Navy, but what did they bring to Germany? It has never been able to win sea supremacy for Germany, let alone allow Germany to own the sea, and has not even helped Germany break through the blockade of the British Navy.

Despite this, the high cost-effectiveness ratio of submarines is something that no navy can ignore, especially for the Northeast Navy, which does not even have a warship now, the submarine will be the only weapon to challenge the combat ship in the next few years, and it is precisely for this reason that Tang Haoran immediately recruited Holan when he saw the submarine research plan of the shipyard, intending to give him some reminders to speed up the practical development of submarines.

"And what if the battery runs out?"

Noticing that there was no problem with the generator in Huo Lan's equipment diagram, Tang Haoran reminded him appropriately, and then asked him.

"What should I do if the battery runs out? Will the submarine be on the surface at that time? And how do the crew breathe under the sea? ”

Although Tang Haoran does not know about submarines, he has more or less always had a certain understanding of submarines, after all, there are too many popular science articles in later generations, and any boy who loves military affairs has various channels to understand various weapons, including submarines, although they have not really seen submarines or even airplanes, but in theory, at least in this era, there is undoubtedly a master-level existence. Just like the generator that is now ignored by Horan, it is the most basic theory of "diesel-electric submarine" in later generations.

"This ......"

The Governor's rhetorical questioning made Horan realize his mistake, and he mistook the submarine for a large torpedo rather than a ship.

"I think it can be ...... like this"

Walking to the drawings, Tang Haoran pointed to Huo Lan's drawings and said.

"Here, you can connect a radio station to the transmission shaft of the gasoline engine, and after the battery is exhausted, you can float to the surface and use the gasoline engine to sail and recharge......"

The reason why Horan's submarine uses a gasoline engine instead of a diesel engine is because the diesel engine has not yet been invented, and now for Tang Hao, it is based on solving the problem of the existence or absence of submarines, and as for the problem of diesel engines, it can be solved in the future, and the gasoline engine can be used to meet the needs of the navy at present.

The Governor's suggestion only made Holland's eyes suddenly show a look of surprise, he did not expect that the Governor would think of a solution to the problem in such a short time, and what surprised him even more was behind.

"As for the problem of underwater breathing, a medicine plate made of sodium peroxide can be used, which can absorb the carbon dioxide breathed by the sailors and release oxygen ......"

Tang Haoran didn't know much about how the submarine solved the underwater breathing problem of sailors, but thanks to the old memory, he showed his feet and knew that the medicine plate with sodium peroxide as the main body could absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

"Also, there is the problem of aiming the submarine underwater......"

In the next half an hour, compared to Huo Lan himself, Tang Haoran was more like a designer, he kept recalling the knowledge related to submarines he had seen, and constantly perfecting Huo Lan's design, and Huo Lan made records from time to time, at this time his expression seemed a little excited, many technical problems that had plagued him for a long time were solved here in the governor, and in the end, when the last bit of knowledge about submarines was told one by one, Tang Haoran looked at Huo Lan and said with a smile.

"Mr. Horan, well, these are all the suggestions I can give, of course, you need to further improve, I hope to see the Northeast Navy have the world's first submarine force in the future!"

(Now it's basically a 4,000-word chapter every day, but the speechless will be added from time to time!) Thank you for your great rewards, such as Bishamentian 99, the world has me, k88yrd, etc. Weakly ask for a subscription and a monthly pass.,The Empire's Sunrise Reader Exchange Group:150536833 welcome to join) (To be continued.) )