The 179th Last Chance for Democracy
Are there still tickets?
In the spring of 1918, not long after Sun Yat-sen's "inter-provincial autonomy and peaceful reunification" telegram was issued, on March 5, in the Shanghai Public Concession, the GCD of the "China" held her first national congress, formulated the party constitution, elected the "Central Committee" headed by Chen Duxiu, and also formed the "Central Bureau", the "Southern" Bureau, the Northern Bureau and the European Bureau, and officially announced the formation of a political party alliance with the "Chinese" Kuomintang that had just completed the reorganization to participate in the possible future inter-provincial parliamentary elections!
Unlike in history, when a meeting was held and Tibet had to be hidden, the first big school in this time and space was held openly! The venue was chosen in the German Federation on the Bund, which had just been bought by the Bank of China. Wang Yaqiao mobilized the workers' armed forces of the Chinese Federation of Labor -- the Axe Gang brothers to take charge of internal and external guards, and Chang Ruiyuan also asked Huang Jinrong to come forward to greet the Ministry of Industry Bureau in the public concession. As for the public concession, this time I also held the idea that more things are better than less things, but I didn't see the GCD of China holding a conference.
Who doesn't know that there are lawless red brigades behind them, red trade unions that play general strikes at every turn, and Fujian warlord Chang Ruiqing, who can't even be dealt with by British imperialism, and a campaign alliance with Sun Yat-sen's Kuomintang, maybe in a few days they will be one of the ruling parties in China. For such a force, if it can't be wooed, how can it be offended to death? Even if the British directors in the Ministry of Industry are not pleasing to G, those American, Japanese and Chinese directors are not willing to cause some more trouble.
As for the separatist warlords and celebrities all over the country, most of them also sent congratulatory messages to the GCD of China at the first time. After all, at present, China and G are only engaged in student and worker movements in big cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai. And there is not much conflict of interest with them. Moreover, the "anti-imperialist struggle" some time ago has won a lot of fame for the Chinese government, and in addition, the Chinese and the Chinese and the Chinese are currently echoing Sun Yat-sen, holding high the banner of "inter-provincial autonomy and peaceful reunification", which also coincides with the taste of these separatist forces, of course they are willing to make friends with such forces, and even a few fashionable warlords have proposed to join the GCD of the "China" country!
For a time, the limelight of our great "China" GCD was very much about overshadowing the old brand of the Kuomintang. It seems that it is really what people want!
At present, the legitimate government of "China" -- the Beiyang government in Beijing -- does not know how to deal with this red party that is in the limelight. On the one hand, the formation of a party by self-determination is a civil right stipulated in the Covenant Law of the Republic of China. Of course, the current Beiyang government can't justifiably stop it. On the one hand, both the Chinese and Red Brigades have also issued public statements, claiming that the two sides have no direct subordinate relationship, and the name of Zuo Min, the leader of the Red Brigade, does not appear in the list of members of the Central Committee of the Central Committee...... Such a seems to be completely in line with the laws of the Republic of China. With a political party with a large background, how can the Beiyang government dare to openly ban it?
Besides, even if the Beiyang government ordered a ban, Lu Yongxiang, the Shanghai protector, would definitely ignore it. It's not because his son-in-law is a member of the Central Committee of the Central Committee and a member of the Central Bureau of the Central Committee, but because the Beiyang government wants to get involved in Shanghai's commercial tax, which has seriously violated the interests of him, the king of Shanghai.
And the words that those real power figures in the Beijing government hate the most now are precisely "inter-provincial autonomy"!
It turned out to be the "peace issue" that became the subject of the second dispute between the government and the court in history. There is no zΓ i in this time and space. After the "anti-imperialist movement", even Duan Qirui and Xu Shuzheng already knew that they were temporarily unable to conquer the south in Beiyang and unify the "China" country. Therefore, Feng Guozhang's peaceful reunification has become the "national policy" of the Beiyang government, but the development of things has once again greatly surprised them!
Originally, in their calculations, "peaceful reunification" was nothing more than the restoration of the provisional law. Restore the original Congress. Feng Guozhang's presidential seat was given to him by Li Yuanhong, and it was reasonable and legal, and he should not have to hand it over. At most, the cabinet will be reorganized, and a few ministers and deputy ministers will be used to buy off the Kuomintang members of Congress. In fact, those Kuomintang MPs had a lot of complaints about the coup d'Γ©tat (revolution) launched by Sun Yat-sen in Guangzhou some time ago, and if they really came to Beijing. They may not necessarily listen to Sun Yat-sen.
But no one expected that Sun Yat-sen, who was establishing "military and political rule" in Guangdong, would actually sing the high-profile of "inter-provincial autonomy"! It also won the support of a large number of local separatist forces, which suddenly disrupted the original pace of the Beijing government and put them in a dilemma. Even the peace talks delegation, which had long been scheduled to be sent to Shanghai and the south for negotiations, did not set off for a long time.
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Smack. Wang Shizhen threw the copy of the telegram she had just received on the table. This was another telegram sent by Chen Jiongming, who had already arrived in Shanghai, urging the representatives of the northern peace talks to go south. Such telegrams are sent almost every day, and they are all quotations from scriptures and classics, and they are all about advocating the advantages of inter-provincial autonomy, but urging the representatives of the north to go south are all brushed aside. Clear-eyed people can see at a glance that Chen Jiongming is using these telegrams to promote his idea of inter-provincial autonomy, and he should be trying to use public opinion to exert pressure on the Beiyang government to force them to agree to the implementation of inter-provincial autonomy in China, right?
And the answer to this envelope was only the silence of the Beiyang bigwigs.
"This Chen Jingcun is also real, I don't know if he was used as a gun by Sun Yat-sen...... What kind of inter-provincial autonomy is being advocated vigorously, and I don't look at what Sun Yat-sen was doing in Guangdong during this time? This Chen Jiongming has also been up and down for many years, how can he be so confused? β
The person who said this was a middle-aged man in his forties, with fair skin, angular facial features, and very upright, looking heroic. He was wearing a well-tailored suit, sitting at the same table as Beiyang Sanjie, and suddenly compared the three characters who looked a little obscene. And those three, when talking to this person, also looked respectful, it seems that the other party is also a big man at the same level as them.
Duan Qirui's nose had already been crooked, and he seemed to be angry. He pointed to the electricity, forcibly suppressed the anger and said, "What is this Chen Jiongming confused? He is clearly in a group with Sun Yat-sen, Sun Yat-sen is engaged in military and political affairs in Guangdong, accumulating strength to prepare for the Northern Expedition, he jumped out and sang what kind of inter-provincial autonomy to divide our Beiyang! During this time, most of the overseers in various places were supported by electricity, and we saw that it was a situation of separating feudal towns...... I'm afraid the disaster of the country is not far away, right? As he spoke, he turned his head to look at the middle-aged man: "Ren Gong, let's think about it." We in Beiyang are the only ones who can play with their Kuomintang and GCD, and you are the only one who can play politics and political government. I think you should go out of the mountains to reorganize the Progressive Party and become the head of our delegation to the northern peace talks. We must expose their fake autonomy and true dictatorship. β
Liang Qichao smiled bitterly: "Although we all know that Sun Yat-sen has ill intentions, he didn't have any good intentions. But the people of the whole country don't know, and the heroes and powers everywhere don't know...... This idea of 'inter-provincial autonomy' was originally in line with the interests of those powerful factions, and 'peaceful reunification' gave the people hope of ending the war. To be honest, this is the desire of the people, even if I jump out and speak out now and expose Sun Yat-sen's mask, I'm afraid it will be in vain, right? β
He looked at the three Beiyang bigwigs in front of him again, and smiled faintly: "There are only two ways in front of our central government now, one is to resolutely implement the unified use of force to eliminate Sun Yat-sen and Chang Ruiqing, two people with ill intentions!" As long as the power of these two people is eliminated, the other local forces that are blindly coaxing will naturally not dare to be disrespectful to the central government anymore. Second...... It is to take advantage of the situation. Taking advantage of the trend, now that the trend of 'inter-provincial autonomy' has risen, if the Central Committee blindly opposes it, I am afraid that the local powerful factions will be even more centrifuged from the Central Committee, while Sun Yat-sen and Chang Ruiqing can still calmly implement military dictatorship. β
Liang Qichao said this. Suddenly stopped, and looked at the three heroes of Beiyang in front of him with blazing eyes.
Duan Qirui sighed and said, "It turns out that Ren Gong, you are also in favor of the autonomy of the United Province!" He is right, the autonomy of the provinces was initiated by Liang Qichao in history, although he was preempted by Sun Yat-sen and Chen Jiongming in this time and space, but he was indeed obsessed with local autonomy.
After listening to Duan Qirui's words, Liang Qichao smiled and said: "The central government of this joint province autonomy does not agree. Isn't it going to be done locally? Do the math, how many provinces in the country have been electrified to support inter-provincial autonomy? How many provinces have explicitly expressed their opposition to inter-provincial autonomy? This trend cannot be stopped by blocking...... Although Sun Yat-sen only regarded the autonomy of the provinces as a strategy to divide Beiyang, why can't we really take the autonomy of the provinces into account? In my opinion, the current central government in Beijing is a little less powerful than the authority of the central government advocated by Chen Jingcun. β
President Feng Guozhang just shook his head: "No, no, although the authority of the Central Committee is small now, it is still in our hands after all." If Chen Jiongming's appeal is really followed, what kind of "inter-provincial council" is elected, and the name of the central government will probably be taken away by the Kuomintang and GCD, right? At that time, we will have nothing in Beiyang! β
Duan Qirui nodded again and again when he heard this: "When the Republic of China was 2 years old, we couldn't elect the Kuomintang, and now there is a GCD that will do more than the Kuomintang, which has to be elected...... Ren Gong, is your Progressive Party an opponent? β
Liang Qichao smiled slightly: "The matter of the election is not uncertain at all!" Hua Fu, Zhiquan, you two don't know that China has no conditions for universal suffrage, and only a small number of people who meet certain conditions can participate in voting, such as certain property restrictions, or requiring voters to have a certain level of knowledge and culture, and it is impossible for those workers and peasants who do not know a single word to participate in the election, and GCD has no advantage in this regard. And Sun Yat-sen and Chang Ruiqing are now bent on suppressing the local gentry in order to establish their military dictatorship, as long as we vigorously publicize their bad deeds in suppressing the gentry, we will definitely be able to win most of the gentry in the country to our side, so that we can win the inter-provincial council elections!
In addition, we should not underestimate the role that the overseers and governors who hold power in the provinces can play in this election of the 'inter-provincial council', after all, they are all from Beiyang. In the second year of the Republic of China, the provinces that the Kuomintang could control were roughly equivalent to those of Beiyang, but now they only control the two provinces of Guangdong and Sichuan, and counting Chang Ruiqing's Fujian, there are only three provinces. If an election is held, Qichao is at least 70% sure that he will be able to control the provincial assembly. β
After saying this, Liang Qichao accentuated his tone again and said loudly: "Don't hesitate anymore. This is our Beiyang, and it is also our last chance for China! β
Three Beiyang bigwigs, look at me, I see that you can't make up your mind for a while. In the end, Wang Shizhen sighed and said to Feng Guozhang and Duan Qirui: "Huafu, Pingqing, or let Liang Rengong go and talk to the south first, since this trend of inter-provincial autonomy has risen, we can only adapt to it." β
Feng Guozhang sighed: "That's it." I hope that our Beiyang can really pass the threshold of inter-provincial autonomy! β
Duan Qirui stood up, walked around the room, and saw the power from Chen Jiongming at a glance. Suddenly, he sneered repeatedly: "What kind of inter-provincial autonomy, what kind of peaceful reunification...... I think they are all used to deceive and to make people whole. In our country, what really works is the barrel of the gun! Let's just watch, this drama of peaceful reunification is sung to the end, and it is still a soldier swallowing six countries! With that, he stomped his foot, shook his head and walked away.
Liang Qichao looked at the two remaining Beiyang bigwigs in the room: "Huafu and Pingqing, what do you mean ......?"
Feng Guozhang and Wang Shizhen glanced at each other, and Feng Guozhang said: "Let's talk, their tone is getting higher and higher day by day, let's always make a gesture." That's right, Ren Gong. You can also find their faults, such as asking Sun Yat-sen and Chang Ruiqing to implement local autonomy in Guangdong and Fujian first, and everyone will slowly pull the strings. β
In mid-March 1918, the Presidential Office and the State Council of the Northern Army finally issued an official order appointing Liang Qichao as the head of the Northern Peace Talks delegation. Zhu Qichao, as deputy head of the delegation, went south to Shanghai to discuss with the southern delegation the issue of "inter-provincial autonomy and peaceful reunification."
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"Dear colleagues and compatriots, I have good news for you! Just now, Mr. Liang Qichao, the chief negotiator of the Beijing government, has issued a telegram to the south, saying that he will negotiate with us on behalf of the Beijing government on the autonomy and peaceful reunification of the provinces! β
In Shanghai's Zhangyuan, a place known as China's first public space in modern times, a speech is being held today to build momentum for the autonomy and peaceful reunification of the provinces. Chen Jiongming, the chief representative of the Protector Military Government, personally took the stage and delivered a long speech. He was only halfway through his speech in which he was advocating local self-government. The copy of Liang Qichao's southward electrification was delivered to him.
Chen Jiongming took the copy and only glanced at it twice, then threw away the speech and excitedly reported the good news to the audience below. The cheers and applause of the people below immediately broke into a ...... Of course, these people who have eaten enough and have nothing to do and have nothing to do to listen to Chen Jiongming's speech in Cantonese official dialect, except for a small number of Cantonese people who are doing business in Shanghai to make a living, most of them are the "white-faced people" who are mobilized by Chang Ruiqing's agent in the Central Bureau of the Central Committee of the People's Republic of China, Chang Ruiyuantong, and the GuΓ² Qing Gang, with one dollar a day of Bank of China banknotes.
As for the real hope of this era, the youth, the idols they worship now are Zuo Min, the leader of the Red Brigade who opposed imperialism with terrorist activities, and the warlord Chang Da who waved his troops to recover the British concession in Xiamen! Chen Jiongming or something, they are not interested. However, Chen Jiongming on the stage didn't find anything wrong, and still waved his hand to the cheering people with a smile on his face, signaling everyone to be quiet.
Then, he continued: "My brother joined the League early in the morning and started with a full schedule of revolutions. And what was the greatest ideal of those of us who were revolutionaries at that time? It's not to be an official, let alone to make a fortune! It is to establish a Republic of China that is a republic of the people, and to turn the world of one family and one surname since ancient times into a world where the world is for the public! However, it has been the seventh year since the Republic of China, and in the past seven years, we, the revolutionaries, have launched two more revolutions, fought against Yuan to protect the country, and the recent war to protect the law, in order to still be a "people" republic of the "China".
Today, such a "China" country is finally about to appear in front of us, and we have finally found a way to realize the "people's" constitutional government. This road is 'inter-provincial autonomy', that is, 'local autonomy', and can only be an improved, bottom-up decentralization and autonomy of the people's master, because only in this way can we cultivate the people's spirit of people's rule and establish a real people's government in our country, which has a vast land and many people. β
Speaking of this, Chen Jiongming's face suddenly became solemn, he looked at the "white-faced people" under the stage with deep eyes, took a deep breath, and shouted loudly with all his dantian qi: "This time the 'inter-provincial autonomy and peaceful reunification' negotiations between the two governments of the north and the south are actually the last chance for our country and our nation to embark on the road of constitutional government!"
And I also know that there are many obstacles on the road to our success, because only the people of China who sincerely support local autonomy and really want peaceful reunification are those of us who have no guns in our hands and no territory, but have a heart of a fist...... Those so-called "revolutionaries" and patriots who hold heavy troops and dominate one side have been fascinated by power, and they only have military politics and political discipline in their hearts! I am here to plead with all the people who are concerned about the future and destiny of our Republic of China, and ask you to join me in raising your loudest cry to the princes of the north and the south, the autonomy of the provinces and the peaceful reunification! β
After saying this, Chen Jiongming took the lead and began to raise his arms and shout, "Autonomy of the United Provinces, Peaceful Reunification!" The slogan came, and then the people in the entire Zhang Yuan seemed to be really infected by this political leader from Guangdong, and cheered and shouted together.
It's just that, according to the current election method of China, the vast majority of people who are cheering here do not have the right to vote! And this will soon become the biggest obstacle to the North-South peace talks. (To be continued......)
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