In the sixth year of the Apocalypse, the Royal Academy of Science and Technology graduated the first batch of students, and these students learned a lot of mathematics, physics and chemistry knowledge, all of which were ahead of this era.

This knowledge was developed more than 200 years before and after Western civilization entered the industrial revolution, and it was obtained through a lot of exploration and experimentation. The students of the Royal Academy of Science and Technology directly transcended this era and learned these ungodly things.

And so invention began to flourish.

Based on the knowledge of physics and mathematics, all kinds of machinery have been designed and manufactured, including agricultural machinery, textile machinery, and various production machinery. The trend is to use the steam engine as the source of power for these machines.

And those chemists are tirelessly researching how to make various chemicals on a large scale.

Among them, according to the plant nutrition and return science proposed by Zhu Youxiao, it is believed that the nutrients required by plants are water, carbon dioxide, and minerals, and the main minerals required by plants are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the medium substances are magnesium and sulfur, etc., and the concept of chemical fertilizers suddenly appeared.

Reversion, on the other hand, holds that plants do not directly ingest organic matter, and that only when organic matter is mineralized by microorganisms and then releases minerals can the nutrient minerals needed by plants be produced in the soil. Under natural conditions, there is no need for fertilization because the yield of the land tends to be balanced with the availability of nutrients. However, artificial planting of crops makes a large number of minerals in the soil involved and transported by people and animals, which will lead to poor soil after long-term cultivation.

According to this theory, state-owned agricultural companies are now using organic fertilizers in large quantities to increase soil fertility. Of course, organic fertilizer will be pitted if it is not used well. Because organic fertilizer may contain a lot of parasites. At the same time, it may also cause an imbalance in the nutrient intake of crops. Because plants don't eat organic matter. These organic matter must be mineralized into inorganic matter in order to provide nutrients to the plant.

Organic fertilizers have been used in China since the Spring and Autumn Period, or even earlier. It's just that the labor required for this thing is a bit large, and it usually takes several years for organic matter mineralization, so farmers often don't like to use it.

The concept of organic fertilizer in later generations is actually a concept of environmentally friendly agriculture. But I don't know when, it was hyped up as a thing that is good for physical health. It seems that the quality of agricultural products grown with chemical fertilizers is not as good as that of organic fertilizers, which is a complete misconception. Anyone with a modicum of common sense knows it. Plants do not eat organic matter.

Chemical fertilizers provide minerals directly to plants, so they are fertile and effective. The disadvantage is also obvious, that is, the weeds also get a lot of fertilizer, which causes the weeds to grow wildly, in order to get rid of these weeds, people have to spray a lot of herbicides, and at the same time, after the rain, the fertility of these fertilizers is washed into the river, resulting in nutrient enrichment in the river water, so that the algae grow wildly. causing a series of ecological problems.

The original purpose of organic agriculture was simply to solve these ecological problems. As a result, some people hype organic farming as a good thing for human health. The concept of organic agricultural products is completely a conceptual scam to fool ordinary people who don't understand.

Organic fertilizer should first be fermented and disinfected intensively, and then transported to the field for paving, and there will be no effect in two or three years. It is normal for farmers not to like to use this method for fertilization, and farmers still prefer to use inorganic fertilizers with fast results.

Nowadays, there is no chemical fertilizer in Daming, and the fermentation and disinfection of human and animal manure back to the field is being promoted on a large scale, which can not completely solve the problem of low grain yield. And in fertilizer research, there have been many breakthroughs.

It was the first to make a breakthrough in phosphate fertilizer, and through the mining of phosphate rock, the first batch of phosphate fertilizer was manufactured, and the cost was acceptable.

Urea has also been successfully synthesized, but to be produced on a large scale, in the fields of machinery, electricity and steam engines must be improved to reduce costs, and it is obviously impossible to produce the synthetic ammonia needed to synthesize urea on a large scale through coal.

The biggest research achievement in the six years of the apocalypse was the successful manufacture of soda ash and chemical dyes. The emergence of soda ash and chemical dyes has made the textile mills under the state-owned textile enterprises have a great advantage, and in the past, Daming used natural dyes, and the cost was relatively high.

The emergence of chemical dyes has greatly reduced the cost of fuel, and the impregnated cotton cloth is more durable and has higher added value.

This technology was quickly put into production, and after being impregnated and dyed, the quality of the cotton cloth produced in Songjiang Prefecture surpassed that of the cotton cloth produced in Songjiang Prefecture. With the entry of state-owned textile enterprises into Songjiang Province, this advantage soon became apparent, and the market for cotton cloth with color was quickly occupied by state-owned cotton cloth.

Moreover, the state-owned dyeing and printing factory also purchased a large amount of cotton cloth in Songjiang Prefecture, and then dyed it with color for sale.

The state-owned textile enterprises have now entered the southern market, and it has not had much impact on the employment of textile workers in the south, because the development of the textile industry in the north is mainly due to the expansion of the northern market. When he entered the southern market, he was recruiting workers in Songjiang Province.

The huge impact was on the factory owners in southern Jiangsu, who were arguably the most capitalized businessmen of this era. In fact, no salt merchant or grain merchant has the strength of these factory owners. Because although these factory owners may not seem to have so much money, their influence is actually stronger.

The factory owners of the Ming Dynasty did not have to pay taxes before, but now outside the New Deal provinces, those factory owners still do not need to pay taxes. Therefore, the profit returns of these factory owners are not so profitable, but they are very stable and sustainable.

They control a lot of the means of production, which means that those salt merchants and grain merchants are no match for the maritime merchants, and these factory owners in southern Jiangsu only need to say that the price of goods will rise, then it will immediately lead to a soaring price of goods. From the perspective of social influence, it is the most powerful group of businessmen in Daming.

The merchants in Nanzhili and Zhejiang are themselves very good at operating production, and this has been the case in all dynasties.

State-owned enterprises have the advantage of dyeing, and the most affected are those dyeing and printing factories, and those businessmen have been most directly impacted. The impact of those textile businessmen is mainly the problem of state-owned capital squeezing into the market, these state-owned textile enterprises are not inferior in textile equipment, and even have certain advantages, because the equipment of state-owned textile factories is a certain improvement of the equipment of private textile factories.

Of course, it is not possible to absolutely suppress the private textile mills now, because the textile machinery powered by the steam engine has not yet begun to be applied. However, the development of textile equipment in this area has already begun.

Also most affected were the cloth merchants in Songjiang Prefecture, who usually collected cotton cloth from the common people, dyed it, or sold it directly to other places.

Textile factories are not completely mainstream, and many cotton cloths in Songjiang Province are still scattered in various households, and workers buy some small equipment to produce cotton yarn and then weave it.

State-owned capital joined the ranks of cotton yarn and cotton cloth purchases, which greatly affected the business of those cloth merchants.

The state-owned silk reeling factories also encroached on a lot of market share, so that the raw silk merchants encountered strong competitors.

Because a large number of overseas trade is monopolized by state-owned capital, coupled with the expansion of trade barriers in the northern market, state-owned capital is very stable in the sales of raw silk, and is not afraid of fighting a price war with those raw silk merchants when purchasing raw silk.

In the sixth year of the Apocalypse, trade with Japan and Korea began to rise, and due to the expansion of copper mining, Japan's demand for raw silk, cotton cloth, deerskin, spices, ceramics, steel products and other products is increasing. The trade with North Korea is due to the increase in investment in North Korea, the scale of logging and mining in North Korea began to increase, and at the same time, a large number of steel products from the Ming Dynasty were imported into North Korea, which made North Korea's productivity have been improved to a certain extent, and the output has also increased.

Private capital can enter the trade with North Korea, but after the tariffs are imposed, many goods are no longer competitive with those exported by state-owned capital.

The trade with Japan was completely monopolized by the government, and private merchant ships were not allowed to go to Japan, and the Japanese government did not like the Ming Dynasty's private merchant ships to trade with Japan, which would lead to some local daimyo smuggling trade with the outside world, threatening the dominance of the Tokugawa shogunate.

After several years of lagging development, the trade between Daming and Japan quickly rose to more than 40 million yuan, and Daming can earn tens of millions of yuan of profits from trade every year, and Japan's precious metals began to flow to Daming in large quantities.

Trade with the Europeans was also completely monopolized by the government, and after the Portuguese ceded Malacca, the Ming quickly took control of the city of Malacca and used Malacca as a European trading center to trade with the Portuguese.

Trade with the countries of the Indochina Peninsula is progressing relatively smoothly, but the investment of state-owned capital in the Indochina Peninsula is basically not yet available.

There are too many places where state-owned capital needs to invest at this time, and the Northeast region has not yet been fully digested, and a South Sea has to be digested, and Australia is waiting to be developed.

The pace of state-owned capital has already taken a big step, and no matter how big it is, it will be a big one.

Therefore, at present, the main force of state-owned capital is still in the development of the northeast region, first developing a large area of cultivated land in the northeast region, so as to obtain a large amount of commercial grain and various raw material resources.

At the same time, in the development of Nanyang, it is only the essence of coastal transportation convenience that is first developed, and the areas that are too inland and need to be repaired roads are basically in a state of temporary non-development.

The same is true for the development of Australia, which is to develop coastal areas with convenient transportation first, and the investment in infrastructure construction is relatively low.

The Luzon Islands can develop as much as 150 million acres of arable land, and the Spaniards have left a lot of plantations, and the agricultural resources currently under development are only about 50 million mu, of which nearly half are developed by state-owned capital and half are plantations developed by private capital.

The large islands should be developed first, and the small and medium-sized islands should be put on hold first.

The domestication of the island's indigenous people is also going on slowly, after all, the rice has to be eaten bite by bite. Those natives who did not want to enter the plantations to be managed by the Han Chinese were temporarily under the administration of the indigenous regime, and the Ming Dynasty also taxed these natives in the interior.

The degree of development of the Indonesian archipelago in later generations is even lower, which basically continues the Dutch rule model of Jawa Island, and the plantation model of Sanpinjiu and other plantations only plans to develop 30 million mu for the time being. (To be continued.) )