Therefore, she focuses on the use process, and does not care about the selection of excessive people, and for those who are incompetent, she will eliminate and depose them.

Sometimes even those speculators who have more than enough to lose are mercilessly killed. Due to the proper use and clear rewards and punishments, therefore, around Emperor Wu, there will always be a large number of virtuous and insightful people vying to serve him. Adhering to the martial style since the Sui and Tang Dynasties,

To meet the heroic complex of the world's heroes, she also created martial arts, showed the world with Wen Taowu, instigated the world to practice martial arts, and encouraged scholars to join their side to serve the country with loyalty. The system of martial arts began in the second year of Chang'an.

Those who practice art below the state and county level are selected and sent to the military department every year of age, such as the method of jinshi, and take a class test. If the examination of each subject is passed, the military department can award the official to Lu, and it is not necessary for the civil official to go through the official examination before he can be released. In short, as long as it is conducive to the perpetuation of imperial power,

The country has been stable for a long time, and Emperor Wu does not hesitate to be infinite, nor is he stingy in choosing officials. A large number of pillars of the country have stood out in the competition of survival of the fittest.

Long live the first summer and April of the first year, and there was a great drought in the world. Emperor Wu ordered civil and military attachés to be more than nine grades, and said that the gains and losses of current politics were extremely discussed. Although natural disasters are the norm in the world and are not human faults, it is a good thing to take this opportunity to review current affairs and benefit the country and the people. Therefore, the monarchs of all dynasties,

The intention of doing such a ridiculous thing year after year is no longer to move the sky, but to appease the people with the monarch as a court, so as to win over the people with good governance.

Emperor Wu attached great importance to agricultural production, which has a deeper meaning. From the very beginning of the revolution to abolish the Tang Dynasty and the Zhou Dynasty, the imperial court was in a turbulent situation, and Emperor Wu was confident that he could control this situation. But the premise must be that the people can live and work in peace and contentment, that is, the court can be chaotic but the world cannot be chaotic. Therefore. To make the revolution finally victorious and invincible,

That is, in the competition with the forces of resistance. Not to be given a tongue by opponents or to take the opportunity to incite the people is the orientation of the stability of the world and the people's hearts.

Emperor Wu knew that agriculture was the first of all industries, and if agriculture was prosperous, the country would be prosperous, and if agriculture was declining, the country would be weak.

Still in the first year of Gaozong's first year, Empress Wu wrote a book to suggest twelve things, and the opening meaning was "persuade farmers and mulberries, and Bo Fuyao." ”

She also organized the Beimen Bachelor to write five volumes of "Zhaoren Benye" in her name. Educating Qi people to know how to farm and farming, there is no lack of her insight. At that time, Empress Wu was already keenly aware that Nongsang was the first of state affairs. After taking charge of the government,

She clearly stipulates that if "the fields are cultivated and the family has surplus grain" in Fanzhou County, local officials can be promoted to awards, such as "being harsh and indiscriminate, and the household registration is transferred". will be punished. Regarding the rent modulation implemented by the imperial court for many years, Emperor Wu looked at its efficacy and observed its evolution.

According to the statistics of "one account per year, one nationality every three years". Emperor Wu learned from Yousi that the problem of moving wealthy households and people avoiding forced labor has been revealed. And there is a tendency to intensify. To this end, she corrected her strategy in time. Be proactive.

The Rent Yong Modulation was founded in the seventh year of Gaozu Wude. This is an important system founded by Tang Gaozu at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China with agriculture as the foundation of the founding of the country.

The system determines that all men and women are born yellow. Four years old is young, sixteen years old is middle, twenty-one is Ding, and sixty years old is old. Ding year more than 18 acres of land granted one hectare, 80 acres for the mouth, 20 acres for the permanent industry. Ding Nan pays two stones of corn to the state every year, which is called rent;

Pay two zhang of silk, three taels of cotton or two zhang and five feet of cloth, three catties of hemp, and the name is called tune; Each ding shall serve twenty days of conscription per year, and if he does not serve,

Every day, three feet of silk or three feet of cloth and seven inches and five minutes of cloth are lost, and the name is Yong, or "Yong is substituted". The system is based on the theme of "light and thin endowment, and production for the people", which is in line with the will of the people, and even wins the hearts of the people, and is a good policy for enriching the country and strengthening the people, so it has been implemented for a long time.

Emperor Wu attached great importance to this system, and especially appreciated the principle of "all fields are granted, first class and then no class, first poor and then rich, first no and then less".

However, time has passed, and the drawbacks are also in front of Emperor Wu. The most conspicuous thing is that the "production according to the Ding system" practiced by the "rent-to-yong adjustment" system, as a kind of maximum quota per mu of land, has not been fully fulfilled from the beginning, and the vast majority of peasant households have received a share of land or Yongye land, which is far from the prescribed income.

The move of equalizing the fields only allowed ordinary farmers to have their fields, and did not break the hierarchical system, and the eunuchs' families enjoyed different positions according to their ranks, and in Kuanxiang, officials above the fifth grade could also enjoy Yongye fields and Xuntian, so their fields far exceeded those of ordinary farmers.

Due to the huge disparity between the acres of land and the fact that there are specific regulations on what the peasants can and cannot cultivate, the peasant households are at a loss, so there is a "merger" of large households to expand their land and a "fugitive household" for peasant households to flee to other places, which has affected the full implementation of rent regulation.

Emperor Wu did not want to break this social order and fundamentally solve this situation, so he could only make a pragmatic choice in view of the disadvantages of the times.

Let it go. Emperor Wu is well aware of the principle that if the government is harsh, the people will be in turmoil, and he understands that if there are many things, there will be many states, and if there are many troubles, there will be instability, and if there are many demands, there will be disputes.

Therefore, the peasant households themselves decide what they plant and what they do not plant, and the court no longer makes uniform regulations.

The simplest truth is that farming is not owned by peasant households, and non-peasant households are incompetent, and the government's interference in peasant households is undoubtedly an axe in the class, and the peasant households are regarded as disrespectful, and the result will only constrain peasant households from arranging cultivation according to local conditions, and the gains outweigh the losses.

In this regard, instead of acting strongly, the government should not do anything and follow the opinions of its peasant households and develop themselves. Change what you do and don't do it, and completely free the government from this thankless act. Second, it is said to be guided by the situation.

Most of the peasant households fled because of the current situation and their livelihoods, and they fled from narrow towns with less land to remote villages with more land in order to get rid of the restrictions of the government and to cultivate land and harvest more with their freedom.

Although it evaded official service and reduced some rents, it increased arable land for the country, created more wealth, and alleviated the problem of insufficient acres of land due to population increase, which was more conducive to the national economy and people's livelihood in the long run.

At the same time, if the peasant households flee, the large households will inevitably have a shortage of manpower to cultivate the land, which can reduce the exploitation of the cultivators and reduce the burden on the peasant households.

Therefore, Emperor Wu abolished all kinds of punishments for fugitives and tolerated them. For the returning fugitives, they can enjoy all kinds of preferential treatment of "giving two years". and asked the local government to respond positively to the evagated households, so in some areas. The fugitive fields are managed by the government's trustees; If the fleeing family returns, return the fields and crops. Compulsory service is exempt.

Third, it is said that there is more than enough to make up for the shortage. That is, on the one hand, to curb the annexation of land by large households, and on the other hand, to encourage and support peasant households to continue to reclaim wasteland. Years later, the granary of the world was abundant, and the population was registered.

Emperor Wu realized that there is no immutable thing in the world, and therefore, there is no immutable truth in the world.

The monarch does the affairs of the world, and often chooses the pros and cons. However, the evolution of the world, one after another, is said to be the sky has no growth,

There is no definite number, we must understand the principle of flexibility, the way of choice, observe the time and place, keep what should be reserved and retain, and give up without hesitation. Only by promoting the good and eliminating the disadvantages can we help the world and the people. Since the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the rent modulation has been implemented for decades.

This system, from the very beginning. It has its own shortcomings, and this deficiency is limited by the conditions of the time. It can only be solved by posterity.

With the stability of the world, the population further increased from 3.8 million households in the early years of Tang Gaozong to 6.15 million households; The population has skyrocketed. Land scarcity has intensified, giving rise to a host of other problems. This is a reality that future generations must face directly,

If we blindly stick to the old rules without any flexibility, not only will we not help solve the problem, but will also cause greater unrest in the world.

After many years of governing the country, Emperor Wu has realized that no measure can be perfect, and there must be advantages and disadvantages.

Emperor Wu has always been concerned about agricultural affairs, all worried about agricultural affairs, once the world disasters are frequent, he will convene hundreds of civil and military officials, review the political mistakes, and also repeatedly appoint court officials to various places to celebrate disasters, and appease the people, looking for countermeasures, in a great way to win the hearts of the people, promote the development of agriculture.

In October of the first year of longevity, Wang Xiaojie, the commander of the Wuwei Army, recovered the four towns of Anxi, including Qiuzi, Khotan, Shule, and Xiaye. When the good news came, Emperor Wu was overjoyed, and then issued an edict to put the Anxi capital to protect the palace in Qiuzi, and used 30,000 soldiers to guard it. Wang Xiaojie worshiped the general of the left guard with military merits.

Whether the border is stable or not has always been a major matter that Emperor Wu is concerned about. She needs a stable environment, the kind of environment where the country and the people are safe, and she also knows that what the people want most is to live and work in peace and contentment, not to be rich in servitude. However, the trouble on the border forced her to mobilize her army and fight each other.

The founding of the Tang Dynasty is known as the world for its cultural governance and martial arts, the government is cultivated, the people are rich, and the country is very powerful. Adhering to the legacy of the ancestors, the country is very martial, and the civil officials and martial artists are all honored with military merits.

In the tenth year of Taizong's Zhenguan, the country implemented the government military system, ten roads in the world, six hundred and thirty-four folded Chongfu, and the soldiers were in the farm, and there was nothing to do in the farm, and the guards were on the guard; If something happens, it's going to be solved. The soldiers scattered in the house will return to the court.

The peasant disciples joined the government soldiers, which not only improved the country's armed forces, but also created an opportunity for some peasant disciples to make meritorious contributions.

During the reign of Taizong, the country gradually strengthened, the four Yi surrendered, and there were many people who came to pay tribute to the court, and there was an endless stream of people who studied and did business.

At that time, most of the wars raised were to quell the razing dispute, or the imperial court sent troops, or razed to control the razing, and more of them were used for both.

In the nineteenth year of Zhenguan, in order to solve the danger of Silla, Taizong Li Shimin personally attacked Goryeo with the Sixth Army. Soon after the first emperor Gaozong succeeded to the throne, the situation changed, the government soldiers gradually declined, and the four Yi rose again.

Gojong successively dispatched troops to Pyeongsei, Baekje, and Hui, especially Pyong-Goguryeo, to complete the cause that Taejong failed to complete. In the matter, Liu Renliang went out as a civil official, the veteran Li Tao, and the famous general Xue Rengui, who fought for many years.

They are all famous all over the world for their bravery, good fighting and outstanding military achievements. The war frequently occurred in the four towns of Anxi, and after several repetitions, a situation of multi-year conquest was formed.

As early as the first year of Yonghui, Gaozong regarded it as having been peaceful for many years, that is, the four towns of Anxi, and the Anxi Protectorate also moved back to Xizhou.

Unexpectedly, in the second year of Xianqing, the Western Turkic Ashina Helu rebelled, and the imperial court had to raise troops to quell it. In April of the first year of Xianheng, Tubo captured Qiuzi and changed the city, and the four towns were stopped.

In the first year of Tiaolu, after Cui Zhibi, the governor of Xizhou, and Pei Xingjian, the ambassador of the pacification of the ambassador, quelled the rebellion of the governor of Luyan Ashina Duzhi, the four towns of Anxi were reset, and the imperial court's rule over the Western Regions was restored again.

Tubo was very unwilling to this, and marched into the Western Regions in the third year of the vertical arch, conquered the four towns of Anxi, and then waved his troops eastward, and the front went straight to Dunhuang; He was also named Ashina as the Western Turkic Khan. Xing Bing committed Tang. In July of the first year of Yonglong, the Tibetans attacked again.

Promoted to the rank of General of the Martial Guard, the Black Tooth Tsuneyuki defeated him at Heyuan. Gaozong and Empress Wu mentioned him again as the ambassador of the Heyuan Army. He was in the area of Heyuan. And built more than 70 beacon towers to prevent Tibet.

The first year of longevity. Tang Xiujing, the governor of Xizhou, went to the imperial court and asked to send troops to resist Tibet and recover the four towns.

At this time, there were changes within Tibet. In order to strengthen the power of the monarch and get rid of the powerful Gar family, Zampu Dusong Mangpojie killed the important minister Gar on the charge of "rebellion". Zan.

This was a signal that the Gar family had lost power in the Tibetan Dynasty. The great power of the Great Treatise Gar. After hearing the news, Qinling was very panicked and prepared to build another battle in order to protect himself. Gar. Qinling's younger brother Gar. Zanpo led a large army to attack Hexi via Lintao, in an attempt to cut off the Tang Dynasty's communication with the Western Regions. Then seize the Western Regions.

Emperor Wu seized the favorable opportunity of the internal strife in Tibet, re-strengthened the border defense deployment, and planned a new large-scale counteroffensive.

In order to ensure that the battle could be carried out smoothly, Emperor Wu boldly appointed Wang Xiaojie, who had been in Tibet for a long time and was familiar with the military situation in Tibet, as the commander of the Wuwei Army, and joined forces with Ashina Zhongjie, the general of Zuo Wuwei and the former Western Turkic leader attached to the Tang Dynasty, to lead the people to crusade against Tibet.

In October, Wang Xiaojie led his troops from Xizhou to defeat the Western Turkic Khan Ashina Fuzi, who had been canonized by Tibet. The Tibetan army is in Gar. Qin Ling led the rescue to the rescue. was also repelled by Wang Xiaojie.

Subsequently, Wang Xiaojie led the Tang army to fight thousands of miles, until Khotan and other places, and broke through Tibet. Twenty-fiveth. Wang Xiaojie took advantage of the victory to recover Qiuci, Khotan, Shule and other towns in one fell swoop. The Turgish leader Uzil also took the opportunity to help the Tang launch an attack, recaptured the city of Broken Leaf from the Eastern Turks, and delivered it to the Tang.

Since then. The Tang Dynasty regained the four towns of Anxi. After accepting the lessons of the four towns of Anxi that fell several times, Empress Wu consolidated the border defense of the Western Regions. The Tang Dynasty re-strengthened its rule in the Western Regions and sent 30,000 troops to garrison the four towns. He returned the Anxi Metropolitan Protectorate to Qiuzi, thus destroying the ruling system of the Western Regions that Tubo had painstakingly established.

At this point, the Tang Dynasty and Tubo ended the situation of repeated contention in the Western Regions, and the shape of the four towns of Anxi gradually stabilized.

Emperor Wu guarded the way of Huang Lao, although he was not keen on using soldiers, but he was not afraid of using soldiers. Emperor Wu believed that the best defense for a strong enemy who was arrogant by nature, coveted and relied on force to plunder and absorb wealth, was to use strong troops and use force to control force.

Because any weakness and compromise will fuel its arrogance and make it gain an inch, and the result can only be to raise tigers.

During the Gaozong period, she cooperated with the first emperor to continuously send a large number of troops to the Tibetan army that captured the Western Regions, and repeatedly fought with the Tibetan army; In addition, a large-scale tuntian campaign was launched in the northwest frontier defense to increase the defense of the northwest.

At that time, Tubo asked for the return of the four towns of Anxi, but Empress Wu categorically refused, unabashedly stating that the four towns were guarded in order to prevent them from invading eastward. The strong military defense deterred the rampant Tibetan rebels.

In the first year of longevity, after Wang Xiaojie recovered the four towns of Anxi, in order to consolidate and stabilize the Dìng border, Emperor Wu set up a capital protectorate in the surrounding territories, divided and ruled.

In May of the first year of Long Live Tongtian, the Khitan leader Songmo Governor Wuwei General Li Quanzhong and his wife and brother returned to Chengzhou to assassinate Sun Wanrong to rebel against the imperial court, gathered tens of thousands of people, attacked the city and plundered the land, and the momentum was huge for a while, and the government and the opposition were shocked. Emperor Wu countered violence with violence and attacked decisively.

In the case of successive setbacks, she decreed: "The brave people who are prisoners and slaves of the Shushi family in the world will be compensated by the officials and sent to attack the Khitan!" "To show his determination to do what he must do. In this counterinsurgency, she used hundreds of thousands of troops before and after, and carried out large-scale conquests five times until the final victory.

Emperor Wu always doubted that he could maintain the long-term peace and stability of the frontier by relying on the strategy of encircling Di Yi. In the second year of longevity, after Wang Xiaojie, the head of the Wuwei Army, restored the four towns, Di Renjie, the waiter of Luantai, asked for a donation to the four towns, with the intention of ruling the raze with raze, and if the Yi Di rebelled, he would cut it down, and if he surrendered, he would have to push the righteousness of death and survival, and there would be no battle of the laborers.

And advised Emperor Wu, "There is no idea of the absolute domain being unsettled, but when the border soldiers are guarded, they will wait for their self-defeat, and then attack them." ”

On the right, Shi Cui Rong went up to oppose the strike of the four towns of Anxi. He took history as a mirror and believed that if the four towns were pulled, it would be a strategy to abandon what had been done and forget the long-term strategy. The little merciful, the great merciful thief.

Those who do the past are the teachers of the future, so they don't want to. If the four towns are not defended, they will be mad and profitable, and they will be added to the Western Regions.

Emperor Wu also hesitated to go deep into the fortification of the feudal town. In particular, the four towns of Anxi, far away from the fangfang, are a place where there is no food. The country frequently sends out teachers, the expenses are extensive, and the service is both long and complaining.

At that time, the emperor dismissed the four towns of Anxi, which was to save military expenditure from afar, so that the country would not have to fight far away to work the people.

However, the four towns of Anxi are the places where Tubo is fighting. This strong and strong state is proud of attacking cities and plundering land, and they forcibly conquer the Western Regions to use it as a territory, accumulate momentum to expand eastward, and invade our Central Plains.

As the right Shi Cui Rong said: "The supreme sect, the affairs are in the people, there are four towns of Siba, Tubo Guojiao, and a large entry into the Western Regions; To the west of Yanqi, where the castle is located, all descend, then drive to the east, step on the Gaochang wall, the court of the car master, invade the music world, when Mohe Yanmo, near my Dunhuang. After several iterations, the loss was regained.

The fact is that although the four towns of Anxi have to be done as a last resort, if they are not set up, the four towns will not be defended, and the country will have no peace; The setting can be Anbei Di and control Tibet, both long-term and near-term.

The borders need to be pacified, but the strategy of pacification lies in the use of grace and power, while safeguarding their vital interests, to urge them not to use force against each other. As a benevolent party, its premise must be guaranteed by its own strength, and once the deterrent effect of force is lost, no panacea will be of any avail. In the first year of Tiaolu, the chieftains of the 24 Eastern Turkic states rebelled against the Tang Dynasty and reinstated.

Empress Wu quickly mobilized the army to fortify and prevent his troops from entering the Central Plains, and constantly sent envoys to state their interests to the Turkic leaders in order to seek national tranquility.

Knowing of the rebellion of the Eastern Turks, the main reason was to recover the Turkic people who had been placed in the six prefectures of Feng, Ling, Dai, Shuo, Sheng, and Xia during the Xianxiang period. Empress Wu immediately promised to reduce the number of households to thousands and let them govern themselves.

He also gave them "40,000 grains, 50,000 miscellaneous colors, 3,000 agricultural tools, and 40,000 catties of iron" to help them develop production. Soon, tensions with the Turks eased.

The Turkic Mur Khan also sent troops twice to help the Tang army attack the Khitan army harassing Hebei, so that the war in Hebei quickly subsided. Empress Wu also awarded Mo Si the title of "Khan for Meritorious Service to the Country" in the name of the imperial court.

After that, Empress Wu urged Yousi to continue to donate a large number of living materials and agricultural tools to the Turkic areas to help them develop production. (To be continued......)