The Franco-Prussian War came to an end. There were two winners in this battle, one was Prussia and the other was the MacDonalds. Through the guò war, a series of products of the MacDonald family won widespread attention in Europe, the most notable of which were radio and steel. Nowadays, almost all European countries are contacting the MacDonald family, hoping to buy wireless telegraph related technology or products, and a large number of orders are flying like snowflakes, which makes Dorothea, who is in charge of wireless communications, happy all day long, although her workload has greatly increased, but she seems to be more energetic. Now, she still wakes up from time to time in her sleep, but now, her dreams are no longer hunger and want, but countless orders, and boxes and boxes of gold.

Compared to Dorothea, who was excited, Catherine seemed much calmer. MacDonald's steel was also in the limelight, producing steel with low cost and good quality, and it was thanks to their technology that Krupp in Germany was able to create those light and powerful guns, which prevailed in the battle of the Austrians. Today, Krupp Steel's business is booming, and the MacDonald family, as a major shareholder, has also benefited. Moreover, what Krupp got was only alkaline converter technology, the real killer - open-hearth technology, which has always been firmly grasped by the MacDonald family.

Nowadays, the British and the French come to talk to them about the technology transfer of alkaline converters. Given the current high tariff environment, it is not yet time to export steel directly, so the transfer of technology to establish joint ventures is also one of the means to obtain benefits. And considering the low cost in Europe, Catherine even wanted to go directly to Europe to build a factory. It's just that this mention was vetoed by Scrooge.

The French are now most enthusiastic about alkaline converters, because France has always had a problem, that is, the poor quality of iron ore. And it's the company that came up, not a poor bastard like Xiao San who doesn't have two dollars in his pocket. So Catherine ended up buying the technology at a very good price.

On Saturday, after dinner, it's time for the family to get together for the weekly meeting to discuss the family business. The old Josephs and their husbands have been present for a long time, and the complexity of today's business has far exceeded their ability to comprehend, so they have completely ignored these things. So after dinner, the old couple went for a walk in the garden, and let the four juniors stay there to discuss.

As is customary, each of the four people gave a general account of the situation in the next life of the week for which they were responsible, and then the others put forward their own opinions and suggestions and discussed them with each other. It's time for this family meeting to end. But today, when the process is complete, Scrooge throws up a new topic.

"Next year in Paris, France, there will be a World Expo. It's a big deal, all kinds of technologies and all kinds of goods from all over the world will be displayed here. For us, it is also an opportunity for us to open up the European market. So, I'd like to talk to you about what we in the MacDonald family should do to prepare. ”

Scrooge looked at everyone and said, "Regarding the World's Fair, I asked Bond to put together some materials. You can take a look. Scrooge handed over a few bound pieces of the text to the Carols and Dorothea. A few people looked through the materials in the candlelight.

"I won't say much about the significance of the World's Fair, but in the case of the 1851 British Exposition, it almost opened an era. Catherine, you will also have the impression that many new technologies that have been shown in the expo have been greatly displayed, and finally created a legend of wealth one after another. The Paris Exposition of 1855 had the same effect. This time, as far as we know, the theme of this exposition is 'the history of labor', and for the first time, a systematic taxonomy was used in the idea of setting up the world exposition. They divided the exhibits into ten categories to make them easier to visit. You have all the information about this category. Think about it, how do we go about this event to be a hit? ”

No one spoke, and the only sound in the room was the rustle of the papers.

After a while, Dorothea spoke first.

"It would be nice if we could move between our towers." Dorothea said, "It must be more spectacular than the Crystal Palace." ”

"The prototype of that tower should be in Paris." Scrooge thought silently, "It's just that it's in Paris many years later." But now that I have my own trouble, I guess the Eiffel Tower or something is going to disappear. ”

"We can bring a model along." Carroll said.

"What is the meaning of the model. It's hard to say to the audience, 'You can think of it as a behemoth that's more than 300 meters high.' Catherine said, "A model is so much worse than Crystal Palace." ”

"There are several great Ming items in the Dashi yàn room that are being studied." "We've put half a million dollars into these two projects," Scrooge said. Many of these projects have already yielded results, and some are also being promoted. I think some of them should make our showroom stand out from the rest. ”

"Scrooge, don't sell it, what kind of thing is it, is there anything comparable to the telegraph?"

"Yes, it is the great light that can bring light to the night—the electric light!"

"Electric light? What is that? Carol asked.

……

It's really an electric light, think about it, in Scrooge's last life, almost every elementary school student knew a story that was used to illustrate ideas like "failure is success mommy", "persistence is victory", and "where there's a will, there's a way": Edison's bright light.

The electric lamp is not complicated in principle, but it uses the thermal effect of electric current to make a filament hot to an incandescent state, and then shine. However, in practice, there are a series of problems. First of all, the choice of filament, all the guys from later generations know that the filament should be made of metal tungsten. Because tungsten is the metal with the highest melting point, it is more able to withstand the high temperatures at work. Therefore, it is said that some travelers wore to the United States of the Gilded Age like Scrooge, and then, they also ran to tell Edison that they must use tungsten wire!

In fact, in the original history, Edison made thousands of times for the bright electric lamp, and he did not have the idea of using metal tungsten to make filament materials, but tungsten was very hard, and under the technical conditions at that time, it was really not a little difficult to draw tungsten into filaments.

Therefore, Edison finally chose the carbon filament carbonized from bamboo, which was definitely the most correct choice under the technical conditions at that time.

The second problem that Edison encountered in the development of electric lamps was the efficiency of the extractor. The filament cannot be exposed to oxygen, because when the temperature rises, even the metal will oxidize violently with oxygen. The result is more clear, that is, it will burn. So Edison came up with the idea of pumping all the air out of the light bulb. In this way, there is no oxygen in the bulb, and the filament naturally does not burn out due to oxidation. However, at that time, the efficiency of the extractor was very limited, and as a result, there was still a lot of oxygen left in the bulb, so the filament was quickly burned. In fact, Edison's first practical light bulb had a lifespan of only forty hours. The important reason for this is that the air pumping is not clean.

However, for this problem, Scrooge has a corresponding solution. That is, first vacuum as much as possible, then fill with nitrogen that will not support combustion, and then evacuate, and then add high-purity nitrogen, so that after many cycles, the residual oxygen in the lamp gun will naturally be very small, not enough to affect the safety of the filament.

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