Chapter 185: China's New Deal (1)
Indeed, in addition to the newly formed Nanjing Construction Corps, Li Yongji also had the Wuxi Construction Corps, the Suzhou Construction Corps, the Changzhou Construction Corps, the Shanghai Construction Corps, the Jiaxing Construction Corps, the Dangtu Construction Corps, the Hangzhou Construction Corps, and the Huai'an Construction Corps.
That is to say, with the addition of the construction corps in Nanjing, he now has a total of nine construction corps, with a total number of more than 1.5 million people, and the average number of each corps has reached 160,000!
In the past, Li Yongji only used them as construction workers, so he didn't count them when the new military system was reformed, but planned to build a new militia-style National Guard, but now it seems that there is no need to do this at all, and the construction corps alone is enough to be a national guard.
In other words, Li Yongji does not need to recruit militia in various places at all, but only needs to issue weapons to the nine construction corps and train them a little, and this is a 1.5 million strategic-level troops equipped with hot weapons!
As soon as he thought of it, Li Yongji immediately called Li Yongchang and asked him to suspend the militia recruitment in various places, and those who had already been recruited should join the local or nearby construction corps.
Later, these construction corps became the operational sequence of the Imperial National Guard, and the financial aspects were transferred to the imperial government, but for the time being, Li Yongji paid out of his own pocket, but he would make a list and ask the imperial government for accounts when the time came.
The imperial government definitely doesn't have this money for the time being, and it can't take out this money, you must know that this is 1.5 million people eating, drinking, and lazing, except for Li Yongji, who can rely on the golden finger to support, purely with the nascent imperial government, it will definitely not be able to sustain it.
However, as Li Yongji said, the government can issue treasury bonds and use future income to pay for this money, of course, this involves a series of financial reforms, and financial reform has to touch the reform of the government system, so it has turned around and returned to the original point, that is, to speed up the reform of the political system.
Fortunately, Li Yongji now has time. can play political reform little by little, so he simply returned to Suzhou and began to discuss the new policy reform of the Chinese Empire with Li Yongchang and his staff, such as Wu Tingfang and others.
This is the advantage of a dictatorship, you don't have to ask what others mean when discussing new policies, as long as you have a small circle of people to discuss it, which is more efficient.
Li Yongji will not talk about it, as the head of the government, Li Yongchang has long been completely inclined to foreign affairs under the influence of Li Yongji. Therefore, all of his staff members were Westerners who had been compradors or were familiar with Western affairs, and the average age of these people was no more than 35 years old, and they may not be mature and steady, but they were full of vigor and dared to try anything, so the whole discussion of the New Deal itself was filled with a young and radical flavor.
Fortunately, Li Yongji not only has them, he also has a large number of reference materials in modern society as a backing, so he discussed and discussed, and after two weeks. The Chinese Empire's new policy system was introduced.
According to the new plan, the system of power organs in the Chinese Empire was divided into two parts, one part was the imperial structure, and the other part was the government structure.
in a new form of government. The emperor is not only a title, but also the highest authority of the Chinese Empire, the highest power holder and decision-maker, and the appointment of the emperor. It is hereditary.
Under the emperor, there were four parallel institutions, namely: the Imperial Office of Internal Affairs. The Royal Parliament, the Grand Court of Justice, the Royal State Council.
The first is the Imperial Interior Office, which can be seen as the emperor's personal butler system, a special institution that serves the emperor himself, similar to the previous eunuch system, except that no eunuchs are used.
The members of the Internal Affairs Office are no longer called eunuchs, but are collectively called the Royal Internal Affairs Councilors, or Internal Affairs Officers, and are openly recruited by the National Public Examination, which is called the Internal Affairs Examination.
The internal affairs commissioners not only followed the emperor, but also appointed internal affairs commissioners in various localities, and the supreme chief was called the chief of internal affairs.
For example, the supreme chief of the Imperial Interior Office is the chief of the internal government, and other provinces and cities also assign internal affairs officers, such as the provincial party committee governor, the municipal party committee governor, and the county county party committee governor.
There are many departments under the Ministry of Internal Affairs, such as the House Committee, which manages the personnel appointed by the Interior in various places, such as the Butler's House, which is responsible for the management of palace servants, and the Royal Intelligence Service, which is responsible for intelligence, the Royal Security Service, the Royal General Integrity General Office which is responsible for discipline, the Royal General Staff which is responsible for the mobilization of the armed forces, the Royal General Logistics Department, the Royal General Commerce Department, and so on.
The departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are all privileged departments that can operate directly from the government, and the current first head of the Imperial Internal Affairs Office is Yin Susu.
The Royal Parliament, which is actually the National Assembly, is the legislature, which implements a bicameral system, divided into two houses, the Royal Senate and the Royal Senate, and the power of the Senate is greater than that of the House of Representatives.
The supreme head of the Senate is called the Führer, who can be appointed directly by the emperor or concurrently by the emperor himself. All other members were appointed directly by the emperor, and the term of office was not limited, and it was all according to the emperor's preference. If the emperor sees that you are pleasing to the eye, you can continue to do it, and if the emperor sees that you are not pleasing to the eye, you will get out immediately.
The Royal Parliament has legislative and supervisory powers, and the Supreme Law, the Imperial Constitution, was established by this body.
The House of Representatives is elected locally, and the supreme leader is called the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and also has the power of supervision and legislation, but the legislative power of the House of Representatives can only be established on the ground, and cannot conflict with the Imperial Constitution, the Imperial Criminal Code and other imperial laws, and the supervisory power can only supervise institutions below the same level, and cannot supervise institutions above the same level.
In addition to the legislative power, the Royal Council is most importantly the power of supervision, which can supervise anyone other than the emperor, and this supervision also includes members of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
With the exception of the Senate, which is directly appointed, the House of Representatives is truly elective.
Of course, to become a member of the Royal House of Representatives, the requirements are also high. First of all, it is necessary to find out the three generations, and they cannot have relatives in foreign countries, and their children cannot immigrate abroad, let alone have assets abroad; Secondly, you must first pass the guò internal affairs committee examination and become an honorable internal affairs commissioner; Third, you have to pass the guò bar exam to become a lawyer; Finally, you can apply to run for the local council, pass the guò parliamentary elections, and become an honorable member of the Royal Chamber of Deputies with many exemptions.
The Senate does not have a term, but the members of the House of Representatives do. The term of office is six years and can be served three consecutive terms. If you become the Speaker of the House of Representatives, then it is possible to become a member of the Senate.
According to the regulations, if the emperor did not make special interventions, then after serving three consecutive terms as speaker, then after the third term retired, he could automatically become the senator of the senate, and his power would be greater.
The current head of the Senate is Wang Tianzhong, that is, Li Yongji's grandfather. At present, a group of people are being gathered to prepare the first "Imperial Constitution".
In particular, the Supreme Procuratorate is a directly subordinate authority of the Senate, and its role is the same as that of the Supreme Procuratorate in later generations, and any trial must be completed under the supervision of the procuratorate.
The Grand Court of Royalty is the table of judicial power. The royal magistrates were appointed by the emperor himself, and the judges of other ranks, were openly examined by the whole country, and were born in the form of examinations. Once the judge is appointed. The term of office is usually a lifetime, that is, until retirement, and of course it is subject to parliamentary oversight.
At present, the first justice of the Royal Grand Court is Li Zhengxiang. That is, Li Yongji's father!
The Royal State Council, or State Council for short, is the central authority governing the administration of the state.
The central decision-making body of the State Council is called the State Cabinet. The number of cabinet members has increased to 9, the highest person is called the prime minister, which is naturally Li Yongchang, and the other 8 people are called vice ministers, and the appointment and dismissal of personnel are all decided by the emperor.
The cabinet implements the prime minister's responsibility system, and the other eight people have to listen to the prime minister, and whether to remove the prime minister or not can only be decided by the emperor, and the other eight cabinet vice ministers have no right to remove the prime minister, but the prime minister also has no right to remove the other eight vice ministers, and can only suspend the work of the other vice ministers.
Under the cabinet, there are ministerial-level units, namely the Ministry of National Defense, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Police Headquarters, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of State Security, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Culture and Propaganda, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Finance (similar to the People's Bank of China), the Ministry of Construction, the Ministry of Water Resources, and the Ministry of Ethnic Affairs.
It can be seen from this that under the emperor, the system of separation of powers was implemented, but an internal affairs office was added to this separation of powers.
The Ministry of Internal Affairs can be regarded as a privileged department, which can be regarded as the ruling party of the emperor, and the internal affairs committee can be regarded as a party member and cadre.
For example, although the system of governors, mayors, and county magistrates is practiced in various localities, there is also an internal affairs chief in addition to officials such as governors, mayors, county magistrates, and town mayors. For example, there must be a provincial party committee governor above the governor, a municipal party committee manager above the mayor, and so on.
The difference is that the internal affairs chiefs of these localities are nominally supervising, but in fact have the power to directly remove cadres, such as the provincial party chiefs, who can directly remove the provincial governors and vice governors. Therefore, the Royal Home Office is almost the same as the party committee of a certain party.
In particular, the Royal Interior Council has to take the Internal Affairs Officer's Examination, and although this examination does not stipulate academic requirements, it usually requires high school students to have more than a knowledge reserve to pass the examination, but high school students themselves are cadres, that is, officials, so the Internal Affairs Council is actually a further progress of officials.
Because of this characteristic, the internal affairs committee members were later referred to as the ministers of the Son of Heaven, and the officials who did not have access to guò were called the ministers of the Son of Heaven, in order to show the difference between the inside and the outside.
The reason why Li Yongji did this was to make it easier for him to act, after all, it was impossible for him to explain everything to others, and it would be much more convenient to set up a privileged department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
In addition, Li Yongji did not feel that he could control the country for the rest of his life, and his descendants may not have their own ability to follow the golden finger, so he formulated a separation of powers in advance to check and balance each other, so that the emperor himself could be more stable.
In fact, Li Yongji originally wanted to create a two-tier system, that is, under the emperor, only the internal affairs office and the Privy Council, and then under the Privy Council, the court, the procuratorate, and the legislative yuan, but later thought about it, so that the power of the Privy Council would be too great, which was not conducive to his own operation, so he simply divided it into four parts under the emperor, put the court and the parliament forward, and the State Council of the administrative region at the same level, and arranged the circle of separation of powers in advance.
All in all, since the head of the Internal Affairs Office, the justices of the Supreme Court, the head of the House of Representatives, and the prime minister of the State Council are all members of the Li family, there should be no problem of ripping off.
After establishing the basic system of political power, Li Yongji began to establish a hierarchy of officials.
With regard to the official hierarchy system, Li Yongji decided to implement a dual-track system of grade and rank for officials, and grade is rank. Continue to follow the familiar nine-grade eighteen-level system, that is, a positive grade, from two levels; The rank of the official is the national level and ministerial level that Li Yongji is familiar with.
The specific comparison is as follows:
Super products: Prime Minister of the State Council, Supreme Justice, President of the Supreme Procuratorate, Head of the Council of Leaders, General Manager of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Marshals at all levels, etc.
Zheng Yipin: Deputy Minister of the State Council, Chief of the General Staff of the Royal General Staff, etc
From a product: ministers at all levels of the State Council.
Zheng Erpin: Vice Minister of the State Council at all levels. Provincial Party Committee Governor
Zheng Sanpin: Director of the State Council, local governor
From the three products: deputy director of the State Council, local vice governor
Zheng Sipin: department-level position, local municipal party committee manager
From the four products: department-level deputy, local mayor
Zheng Wupin: Division-level position, deputy mayor
From the five products: deputy at the department level, director at the local and municipal levels
Positive six products: section-level positions
From the sixth grade: section-level deputy
Positive seven products: county-level positions
From the seventh grade: county-level deputy
Zhengbapin: Township-level cadres are in charge
From the eighth grade: deputy post of township-level cadre
Zhengjiupin: village-level cadres are in full position
From Jiupin: deputy position of village-level cadres
Not in the stream: ordinary police officers, etc
In fact, this is not a strict comparison table, generally speaking, there will be discrepancies, and the rank of the officer is the same as the military rank. It mainly depends on seniority, and what really determines the size of power is the official position.
Despite such a cumbersome system, Li Yongji still follows a small government. The idea of the Great Society is to minimize the number of civil servants, increase the level of salaries of civil servants, and at the same time increase the supervision of civil servants.
Supervision of officials. At the central level, there is the General Administration of the Royal Integrity Bureau, the Royal Inspection Group, and at the local level, there are also discipline inspection committees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs at all levels. The main purpose of these departments is to investigate and deal with corruption among officials and to strictly and severely investigate and deal with corruption.
In fact, after doing this, Li Yongji just hopes that the government can run freely without the emperor, because in the future, he will inevitably be unable to completely devote his energy to governing the country, he is likely to fight wars everywhere and interfere, or concentrate on climbing the tree of science and technology, and he can only hand over the governance of the country to others.
The separation of powers is for the sake of decentralization, so that he can feel a little more at ease.
In particular, in addition to the normal nine-grade system, the super product is the title system.
Since it is an imperial country, there must be a knighthood, otherwise how would everyone play?
Above the nine products, it is roughly divided into seven categories: kings, dukes, marquises, earls, viscounts, barons, and lords.
The prince can only be divided into colonies and protectorates outside the mainland, not in the country, and the prince can only be a child of the royal family and a direct in-law, in other words, a family that must be related to the royal family by blood or marriage. For example, Li Yongji's brothers and sisters, or if they have a wife in the future, they can also give a prince to their peers in his wife's mother's family.
Other titles are similar to the foreign title system, can be hereditary, the principle of hereditary is the principle of designation, that is, the previous generation of title recipients designate their relatives as heirs, if not designated, in accordance with the principle of legal inheritance, according to the distance of relatives, the succession is carried out.
But the lord cannot be hereditary, this thing is similar to a knight, and can only be held for his own life, and cannot be passed on to his children.
The nine-grade and eighteen-level system is only suitable for government officials, not for the military, and the dual-track system of military rank and military rank is still implemented in the army.
However, the title system of super products can cross borders, that is to say, whether it is a government official or an officer of the army, they can be awarded medals to become super products, and the training ceremony must be attended by the emperor, and the emperor must personally award the medal to count.
In addition, in the promotion system of the army, above the original three-star general, the ranks of general and marshal were added.
Generals and marshals are no longer graded, and they must be awarded three stars before they can be specially awarded by the emperor for special contributions, as long as there are no special circumstances, it is a lifelong honor.
"Your Majesty, isn't this system too complicated?" After making arrangements, Li Yongchang suddenly said, "With so many departments, do we have so many people in charge?" ”
"It doesn't matter, in the future, the development of society will become more and more modern, and the government departments needed will become more and more refined. Li Yongji smiled, "For the time being, we can still be the same as before." Take a city as an example, for example, the local government government, the municipal court, the municipal council, and the municipal internal affairs government are set up, and these four institutions can be completely together, for example, a government affairs hall is set up in front of the municipal government to facilitate the people to consult, so isn't it okay? ”
"That's good." Li Yongchang nodded noncommittally, and decided to try it out first, and then change it if it doesn't work, anyway, Li Yongji himself said that now it is time to cross the river by feeling the stones, continue if it is suitable, and ban it if it is not suitable, the main power is in his hands, at most, when a large department is to be abolished, notify Li Yongji in advance, and explain the reason.
"Your Majesty, I have asked someone about the national debt you mentioned." Li Yongchang said, "This is indeed a good thing, and I have calculated carefully, if we want to count the National Defense Force and the National Guard as local finances as you said, then we will have to issue at least 30 million taels of silver to last for half a year." ”
"So how?" Li Yongji was stunned.
"I'll do the math for you." Li Yongchang said, "The 300,000 national defense troops cost an average of five taels of silver per person per month, and it costs 1.5 million taels of silver a month.
One million, no, if you count it according to the construction corps, it is 1.5 million people, according to the average of 2 taels of silver per person per month, you need 3 million taels of silver a month. Then we will have to spend 4.5 million taels of silver a month.
We must first raise military spending for at least half a year, which is 27 million taels of silver, not counting arms procurement.
At present, the income of our state treasury is only 2 million taels of silver a month, and if we have 4.5 million taels of silver, we will owe 2.5 million yuan a month, which is too much. ”
"As long as you prepare three months' worth of silver, you can issue three months' worth of treasury bonds." Li Yongji smiled, "After three months, we can let the Imperial Bank of the Ministry of Finance issue banknotes, with banknotes, the financial problems will be much easier, and we can directly issue banknotes to deal with them, and after three months, after our industrial projects increase, the financial situation will improve." As for the time being, the treasury bonds will be issued to the outside world first, and if they can't be sold, they will all be bought for me. ”
"Is it necessary to issue national bonds?" Li Yongchang really felt very strange, because whether or not to issue treasury bonds, the country belonged to Li Yongji, but he actually felt that it was too much.
"Of course it is necessary, this is called the brother to settle the account, although the country is also mine, but it must still be clearly distinguished."
"Okay, so the last one, is paper money really viable?" Li Yongchang asked again, "Don't have problems at that time." ”
"Don't worry, our banknotes have anti-counterfeiting means, others can't imitate them at all, and our banknotes have a large amount of silver as reserves, and they are issued at the same time as Huayuan silver coins, what are you afraid of?" (To be continued......)