In 1821, when João VI returned to Portugal, the First Constituent Assembly demanded that all Brazilian privileges be abolished and that it be converted back to its native colony. So a mysterious scene in history appeared, because Brazil has become accustomed to having its own government to make decisions and rule, so the demand of the first Constituent Assembly is tantamount to turning back the clock of history for them, so the revolt broke out among the Brazilian people.

It was at this critical moment that a man stood up against the colonial rule of the Portuguese.

In a sense, it's more like a fairy tale, because it's a prince who stands out!

His name is Pedro, the son of the current King of Portugal, João VI!

When the old king returned to Portugal with his courtiers, His Royal Highness remained in Brazil as regent. And when Congress demanded that Brazil be turned back into a colony, he stood up against the resolution. The interests of the Portuguese royal family and parliament were not aligned, and the king secretly supported his son's approach. The parliament wanted to turn Brazil into a colony again for the sake of the Portuguese national interest, but a Portuguese prince stood against the Portuguese people for the sake of the Brazilian people. What a strange contradiction, but also well understood, and the problem is very simple - the so-called parliament of Portugal has no right to decide the choice of the Brazilian people, who are represented despite the same kingdom. It's just that then again, the election is that the minority obeys the majority, and the minority is represented, and there is no way.

Prince Pedro is a good man, after the Napoleonic Wars, his father returned to his homeland, and Brazil has the final say. So he began to streamline the state apparatus, abolish the salt tax issued by the royal family, and relax the freedom of the Brazilian people, which was generally very popular with the people. It is precisely because of the sweetness of the reform that the anger of the Brazilian people can be imagined when the Portuguese parliament passed the resolution to cancel the reform.

However, the Portuguese parliament did not sit idly by, and soon took steps to abolish the title of the Kingdom of Brazil by a resolution of Guò, as well as the abolition of all royal offices in Rio de Janeiro, and the declaration that the Brazilian provinces were under the jurisdiction of Lisbon. The most important thing was to send the Portuguese army into Brazil and to bring all the Brazilian armed forces under the control of the Portuguese government forces.

The radical policy adopted by the Portuguese government parliament has added fuel to the fire, and instead of easing the contradictions between the country and Brazil, it has only intensified the contradictions between the two sides. Armed struggles between the Portuguese army and Brazilian independence elements took place in Pernambuco, Bahia and other places.

Seeing that the shape was a little out of control, the Portuguese parliament also knew that the mastermind behind the opposition to them was their Royal Highness the prince, so they asked His Royal Highness the prince to return to China immediately, and the name used was actually to complete the political education.

No one is more stupid than the other, and Pedro, pushed by Brazilian independents, rejected the other side's demands. Soon after, a new government headed by José Bonifacio de Andrada was established, and the Portuguese garrison was required to withdraw from Brazil. He then presented himself as the protector of Brazil, and in retaliation, the Portuguese parliament revoked him as regent of Brazil and officially sent a crusading army to Brazil.

When Pedro learned that he had completely fallen out with the Portuguese parliament and heard of the arrival of the army, he took off the Portuguese insignia on his military uniform by the Ipiranga River in São Paulo, and at the same time drew his sword and shouted: "Independence or death!" ”

Regardless of whether the move was sincere or a politician's performance, it won the support of the Brazilian people. Soon after, Brazil declared its independence, and Pedro changed his name to Emperor Pedro I of Brazil, and José Bonifacio de Andra became Prime Minister.

The process of Brazil's independence from Portugal, simply put, is that the son made Lao Tzu's rebellion, but Lao Tzu acquiesced, and the two sides played a scene, and it was the Portuguese parliament that was played. If the previous Portugal was only declining and the empire was still there, then the loss of Brazil was no longer a major injury to be described, and it was hard to hear that Portugal had completely withdrawn from the world hegemony stage from this moment on, and completely lost its qualification to become a world power.

Of course, Pedro is just a politician, and although he brought about Brazil's independence, he is also a dictator. Before ascending the throne, he relaxed the rights of the people, but when he held power, he was not fundamentally different from the vast majority of emperors, and the imperial power was granted by heaven and refused to limit his rights, which also left a foreshadowing for the fall of the monarchy in the future.

Although after the death of King João VI of Portugal, as the eldest son Pedro, he still obtained the right to inherit the Portuguese throne, but no one in Portugal regarded him as his own king, so he had to give up his throne to his eldest daughter Maria, and his younger brother Miguel was regent, but the regent turned his face faster than turning the book, not only usurped the throne, but also restored. Of course, the elder brother was very angry, and even gave up the Brazilian throne to his son, and then tangled a group of people in the Azores to vent his daughter's anger. Miguel was finally unable to change the tide of history, and the retro traditional monarchy was simply unpopular in the era of the July Revolution in France. So Pedro was victorious, and his daughter Maria became king again. Speaking of which, this queen is still good, but it's a pity that she died at the age of 34. He was also known as an educator because of his many good governances, but in these turbulent times, Portugal was still in turmoil.

After several changes of throne, in the later years of the Bragança dynasty, Portugal began the process of modern industrialization, with the establishment of a major railway network connecting with Spain and other countries on the continent, and a gradual increase in foreign trade. At the same time, after the loss of Brazil, they did not give up on themselves, and began to look for new colonies, so they began to target Africa with other European powers.

Portugal proposed an expansion plan known as the "Rose Map" to colonize from Angola across Africa to Mozambique, but in doing so it violated British interests. Britain issued an ultimatum demanding that the Portuguese withdraw from the Shire River valley, and the Portuguese government capitulated, causing domestic discontent and a growing republican movement. Later, the Portuguese still gained something, and they still gained two colonies on the east and west coasts of Africa, Angola and Mozambique.

When Wang Yi sent people to come to the door to prepare to exchange the colonies in the Congo River valley for Mozambique, the Portuguese mistook it for the Fat Pig Arch. Originally, they wanted the Congo River to the sea, but France and Belgium opposed it, and although Britain supported it, it was unfortunately not completed, which was the main reason for the Berlin Conference. And the rose-colored map plan is just an alternative to the previous plan for the Congo River, which contradicts the British, and it is also because of this follow-up plan, otherwise they are still in the same camp.

At this time, the Portuguese did not take the Northeast Autonomous Region seriously at all, although they agreed to the plan, but with bad intentions, and at the same time they were also eyeing the new colonies in the Qing Dynasty, and Macao was just the beginning.