Chapter 513: The Battle of Dagukou
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Tianjin is still a bustling city and does not seem to have been affected by the war. As a waterway wharf, almost all the grain in the northern provinces is transshipped by Tianjin. Although the Cao Yun was cut off in the south of the Yangtze River, there was still a lot of grain from Shandong and other places that converged to Tianjin through the Yellow River and canals. Finally, it was transported to Fengtai and Tongzhou via Tianjin. In such an important place as Tianjin, of course, there will be no shortage of garrison troops. Zhao Liangdong, who is now fighting with Wang Pingfan, the general of the Wu army, was originally the general of Tianjin, and was then promoted and reused.
In addition to the 6,000 soldiers and horses stationed in Tianjin, there are also two standards with a total of 8,000 soldiers under the patrol imperial history, but the combat effectiveness of these 8,000 soldiers is not as good as the 6,000 garrison soldiers and horses. This Gong Guarding the Beijing Division must be an elite soldier and horse, otherwise this Beijing Division will be unstable. Of course, this elite is a little watery, and compared with the army composed of veterans who have been fighting on the front line for a year or two and have survived a hundred battles, it is not half a star. None of these soldiers and horses have ever been on the real battlefield, and when they really fight, it is estimated that if their legs and stomachs tremble at the first time, they will win.
Tianjin as the land and water wharf of the location, prosperity is inevitable, Tianjin Sancha estuary here is the location of Tianjin's largest wharf, a ferry, the boat are all berthed here, although the cargo throughput can not be compared with the future generations, but in this era, the whole of China is only two or three ports in the south of Fujian and Guangdong can surpass here. This bustling place, day or night, is the same hustle and bustle. That is, in the early hours of the morning. in order to have a bit of tranquility. It's noon. It was when the workers hurried to unload and rush to eat, and the boss and foreman were hurrying to urge. On the busiest street in the north, the streets are full of peddlers and pawns, and it is not an exaggeration to describe them as shoulder to shoulder. But no one expected that at this moment a large and powerful fleet was approaching Tianjin, and at this moment the naval fleet of the Mawei Army was less than ten kilometers away from the mouth of Dagu in Tianjin.
The Mawei Army fleet has only been half a month since the last major battle, and it has been running continuously on the Yangtze River, and all the Qing army sailors in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have been wiped out and captured by the navy. As for the upper midstream. There are still some Qing warships in Jingzhou, but they are no longer organized, and there are few ships and small guns, and there is no combat effectiveness at all. After clearing all the Qing army's sailors downstream and Poyang Lake's eastward river, it means that the Mawei army no longer has to worry about the Qing army's sailors threatening Jiangnan again. As for the naval division under the command of Wu Sangui, which has just been formed for less than a year, it is not a threat to the Mawei Army and Navy, and the scale of the Wu Army's naval division is not as good as that of the Qing Army's Poyang Lake Water Division, but it only plays an auxiliary role, and it is unrealistic to want to exert its power.
The navy was rejoicing that Admiral Mawei was dominating the Yangtze River, and within a few days, news came that Geng Jingzhong had been assassinated. Up and down the Navy. No, it should be that the Mawei army is all angry when they hear the news. One by one, they clamored for their ambitions to send troops. When Geng Jingzhong's order came, the Mawei army grinded their fists one by one, preparing to go north to teach the Qing court a painful lesson and avenge the governor.
The Mawei army fleet dispatched 200 large and small warships, although there were many warships of the Qing court's naval divisions, but the Mawei army's third, fourth, and fifth class warships also had 140, and the navy in its early 30,000s was ready to wipe out the last group of Qing court's naval divisions at the mouth of Tianjin. As for letting warships enter the Haihe River, according to intelligence, there is a problem, the Haihe River cannot go deep, and the further you go, the more difficult it is for large warships to enter, not that the Haihe River is not wide enough, but the further in, the depth of the river bottom is not enough, so the large warships will have to anchor near the mouth of Dagu at that time
Last year, Kangxi ordered the construction of additional forts and gun emplacements in the north and south of Dagu, repaired and added more than 50 cannons, and defended 2,000 soldiers. Before Geng Jingzhong took Jinling City, Kangxi once again sent heavy troops to garrison Jingu, supervise the defense, fortify Dagu, built ten forts again, and planted piles under the water to resist enemy ships. Now this Dagukou Fort is stronger than any time in Geng Jingzhong's previous life's history, you must know that in the previous history, the Dagukou Fort had a total of only 64 large and small forts, and now it has indeed reached 80. Fifteen of them were 32-pound guns, and the others were 12-pound and eight-pounder cannons.
Because the Qing court knew that in several naval battles of the Mawei Army, they all lightly defeated the enemy's forts, such as the Mawei Army's attack on the Humen Fort in Guangzhou, and the last time it entered the Yangtze River to attack the Wusong Fort, it was all devastated, and it took it without much effort, so in the past month or so, Tianjin is still stepping up to strengthen the Dagu Fort, in order to prevent the Mawei Army Navy from attacking Tianjin. This Dagu Fort is also stronger than the Wusong Fort, and when it was built last year, the requirements were added to the original basis. Each fort is now more than 10 meters high, and the circumference of the base has reached 200 meters, all of which are made of bricks and stones, all of which are poured and rammed with Sanhe soil and glutinous rice juice, and the muzzles are aimed directly at the magnificent sea.
Appointed to be in charge of the defense was the Qing court royal family Prince Kang Aixin Jueluo. Jie Shu. In anticipation of the possibility of the Mawei Army moving north, he immediately reorganized his army and continued to build new defenses as soon as he arrived. At present, there are three forts on the north and south banks of this Dagu mouth, and a total of 80 artillery pieces are installed. Embankment walls were built around all forts, trenches were dug outside the embankment walls, and wooden piles were erected. In addition, three barrage chains were set up in Haikou, iron barrages were arranged, wooden fences were installed, and huge rafts were connected, and camouflage was strengthened. In order to strengthen the defense of the flanks, he listened to the construction of his subordinates, and also renovated the forts in the Beitang area, increasing the number of artillery to 30, and also set up troops to defend the camp north of Beitang. Fifteen new forts were also built near Shuanggang, more than 30 miles east of Tianjin, and 60 cannons of 12 pounder and below were installed, which greatly strengthened the defense in depth.
This was also the greatest effort expended by the Qing court. Originally, there were sixty cannons in it, which were newly cast by the Qing court. Prepared for use by the water master. However, there were no longer any Qing court sailors on the Yangtze River, so these were also sent to Dagukou to strengthen the defense.
This time the Mawei Army marched into the Bohai Bay, this is also the second time the navy has come to the Bohai Bay, the last time Geng Jingzhong came to meet him, but this time the Mawei Army Navy is really going to use force. It's a pity that Geng Jingzhong was injured himself and couldn't accompany him personally, so he missed this good show. However, Geng Jingzhong himself conceived this battle in Jinling City. No matter how you look at it, it seems that when you read history in your previous life, you remembered the battle of the Qing army in Dagukou to resist the European invaders. Fortunately, this is the restoration of the Ming Dynasty, and it occupies the righteousness of the nation, not the invader, in other words, the invader will not end well in the end.
In previous history, the first battle between the Dagukou Fort and the British fleet ended in failure, but the second time was indeed different. At that time, the commander of the Qing army, Seng Lingqin, was also very well prepared, just like the current Prince Kang Jieshu. However, during the Second Battle of Dagukou, the British and French fleets were also careless. suffered a fiasco, but Geng Jingzhong has repeatedly told Wang Zhenbang that he must take it seriously and go all out. The lion fights the rabbit and does his best, I don't think it will be such a mistake.
In the previous life, when the British and French fleets attacked Dagukou for the second time, the British army led the army by the naval commander Heb, who was still a rear admiral. After he led the fleet to the mouth of Dagu, he immediately carried out armed provocations. Hebu sent a captain and interpreter named Commerel to cross the barrage and deliver a letter to the Qing army, demanding that an entrance be opened within three days so that the envoy could trace the river to Tianjin. On the afternoon of the second day, eight British ships rode straight into the White River. Take advantage of the darkness of the night to drag down the four iron barrages of the river.
Two days later, the British, French, and American envoys arrived outside the Dagu Pass to rendezvous with the allied fleet that had arrived in advance. In order to prevent the British and French forces from recapturing the Dagu Fort, the Qing government demanded that the British, French, and American envoys land in Beitang, north of Dagu, and that the Qing government send troops to protect them and enter Beijing to exchange contracts. He also ordered the new governor of Zhili, Heng Fu, to go to Beitang to meet the British, French, and American ministers, and ordered local officials along the way to prepare supplies and take care of them in vain. Three spacious houses were prepared outside the Zhengyang Gate in Beijing as the residence of the ministers of the Three Kingdoms.
However, the British and French invaders refused to land from Beitang and arrogantly shouted: "We will take the battle and not go to Beitang," and Hebu stepped up preparations for war. They were scheduled to attack four days later, but the American envoy asked to wait for the American fleet to join in, so it was decided to postpone the attack until the fifth day.
At dawn on the fifth day, the British and French invading forces launched an attack on Dagu. He Buqin led 12 allied ships, including 11 British shallow water steam gunboats and one French shallow water steam gunboat, and marched from the barrage to Haikou. The plan was: the gunboats rushed through the chain of the Hengjiang River and took a favorable position on the upper hand of the battery so that it could be attacked on both sides, and then under the cover of gunboat fire, the marines landed from the front and quickly captured the battery. At two o'clock in the afternoon of the same day, after the allied fleet had completed its mission, Hebu used several ships to remove obstacles from the water and open up a passage. The rest of the warships lined up to the side, making provocations. In the process, all the Chinese officers and soldiers guarding the Dagu Fort were concealed and camouflaged, and the flags on the fort were silent, as a British soldier who participated in the battle once recalled: "All the forts slept on the sandy shore like monsters, and they could not hear a single sound from them, nor could they see any flags." The governor of Zhili, Hengfu, once again sent officials with a note to persuade the envoys to land in Beitang to exchange the treaty, but the British and French invading forces refused to accept the note.
At about three o'clock in the afternoon, the first barrier in Haikou was demolished, and Hebu immediately ordered the fleet to press towards the iron chain blocking Haikou and shelled the batteries on both sides of the strait. "However, all of a sudden, as if by magic, all the straw mats that had been covering the fort's cannons were rolled up, and in an instant all the cannons opened fire at once," the Qing soldiers guarding the fort began to fire fiercely, taking advantage of the favorable opportunity of the enemy ships being blocked by obstacles in the water, to fully exert their firepower, and soon many allied warships were damaged, and Hebu himself was wounded. By four o'clock in the afternoon, four coalition warships, including the flagship, had been sunk, and the rest of the warships involved in the battle were all damaged. Commodore Dadina, commander of the US fleet, hurriedly led his fleet to support the British and French forces, and after adjusting the deployment, continued to attack the battery.
Just after five o'clock in the afternoon, the seriously wounded Hebu gave the order to land. More than 1,000 British and French marines, under the command of British Colonel Lemon, were divided into more than 20 sailboats and sampans. Use naval artillery fire as cover. Forced landing on the south bank of Haikou. The attempt was to first seize three batteries on the south bank. After the invading army landed, on the one hand, it was killed by artillery fire from the battery, on the other hand, the roads were muddy and it was difficult to advance, and at the same time, it was blocked by the defenders and the Manchu and Mongolian cavalry reinforced from Xinhe, so they were forced to retreat. That night, the British and French forces continued to attack, and the Qing army resisted bravely under the light of fireballs. He also inflicted heavy casualties on the enemy. After a day and night of fierce fighting, the coalition forces suffered a complete defeat, and the remnants fled to Hangzhou Bay.
Geng Jingzhong remembers this period of history very clearly, because this was the biggest victory of the Qing army in the Second Opium War. In the bleak record in the history books, this paragraph is inspiring, so Geng Jingzhong remembers it very clearly. In that operation, the monk Grinqin was indeed well commanded, so that six of the 13 ships of the coalition forces were incapacitated and four were destroyed and sunk, and more than half of the more than 1,200 officers and men participating in the battle were killed or wounded. The Qing army suffered only 30 casualties. The battery was slightly damaged.
The victory of the war was inseparable from the strong fortification of Seng Lingqin at the mouth of Dagu and his correct command. The British and French forces 'fired first at our battery. When the British and French troops came ashore and 'the infantry team approached the South Fort', Seng Greenqin immediately dispatched the firearms battalion to 'bombard them with guns and shotguns', causing the British and French troops to 'fall to the ground one after another'; When more than 1,000 British and French troops hid in the reeds and 'rushed into the ground', he ordered 'to resist them with fire canisters, and every time the light of the fire flashed, they caught a glimpse of Caiyi, that is, they fired guns and aimed at the enemy, and they exhausted their skills, and did not dare to fight, so they fled to the ship'.
These battles were all fought under the guidance of Seng Lingqin's military ideology of 'taking the pride of the country and storing the wrath of oneself'. He also used the belief of 'applying for the prestige of the country and expressing the people's hopes at the bottom' to arouse the fighting spirit of the vast number of patriotic officers and soldiers. Due to the high morale and the depression for a long time, when the battle lasted for a day and night, the armies struggled to block it, and the battle spirit was a hundred times greater. After the war, Hengfu, the governor of Zhili, said to the Qing court: "Since the previous year, Monk Lingqin has worked hard day and night and devoted himself to the defence. In the first month of this year, he was stationed in Haikou in person. With the soldiers swore to share the joys and sorrows, wind and rain, and worked so far, its loyalty, courage and simplicity are beyond the reach of the slaves. ‘
In any case, when Geng Jingzhong asked Wang Zhenbang to go north, he also adapted this period of history into a story, reminding him not to underestimate the enemy and not to fall for any tricks of the Qing court. After all, there are no capable people in the Qing army, and this time it is also related to the national fortune of the Qing court. As soon as Tianjin was lost, the capital was exposed to the eyes of the Mawei army, and the Mawei army could raise troops to attack the capital at any time, so what could the Qing court do at that time even if there were still hundreds of thousands of soldiers and horses in the south? Far water can't quench your thirst!
As the saying goes, when people are unlucky. Drinking cold water is stuffed with teeth, the Tianjin Navy Division is the worst of the Qing court water divisions, the two water divisions on the Yangtze River are to fight with the enemy from time to time, patrol the Yangtze River, but the Tianjin Navy Division is different, the main task is still patrolling, the number of warships is more than two hundred in total, but these warships fall into the eyes of the Mawei Navy, I am afraid that only fifty or sixty can be regarded as warships, the others are very small ships, similar to the ships in the offshore formation of the Mawei Army, In the past, the pirates of the sea were mainly these ships.
Today, Su Cha Xiangqi, the commander of the Tianjin Navy Division, can be said to be very moldy, he was ordered by Jieshu to take 50 large and small warships to the sea for training, and just about to come back, he found the Western sail warship coming up from the opposite side. When he saw these warships, he felt that something was wrong, and when he looked closely, the battleships on the opposite side actually reached more than a hundred, such a huge fleet was stronger than the entire Tianjin Naval Division.
The Mawei Navy was far away from Tianjin Bay, and the speedboat at the front sent a flag. Said to have spotted a fleet of sailors. The scale is not large, most of them are small boats, and there are only twelve large ships. Wang Zhenbang immediately ordered the second and seventh fleets to separate and surround them on the left and right, and they met them head-on.
Just when Su Cha Xiangqi was shocked, he took out his telescope and looked at it carefully. There is a flag! All of them were hung with tiger flags on a blue background. Fujian's rebellious Mawei Navy! Su Cha Xiangqi was already familiar with this banner, and they were trained to fight the Mawei Army in the future, and it was impossible for the Wu Army Sailor to come here. Su Cha Xiangqi hurriedly looked through the binoculars again. When I saw that I was facing him, all I saw were about four or five thousand sail warships. He broke out in a cold sweat when he landed. Needless to say, this must be Fujian's main naval fleet! He immediately ordered without thinking: "Rush to the northwest and flee back to have a way to live." ”
The opponent's warships know at a glance that they are far stronger than your own, and the number of opponent's warships is several times that of yours, how can you fight this battle? On land, if the tactics of the two armies were properly applied, it would be possible for the soldiers to defeat the enemy with less, but there is absolutely no such possibility on this sea. Unless the difference between the two warships and firepower is too great. For example, with more than a dozen ironclad ships in later generations, hundreds of wooden-hulled warships of this era can be easily wiped out. But for now, they can only escape.
At this time, how could Wang Zhenbang let go of such a big piece of fat and destroy this fleet, and when they would attack Dagukou, the pressure would be much less. Wang Zhenbang immediately ordered: "Order the second and seventh fleets to encircle, and all the warships of the other fleets will attack at full speed, and no ship will be allowed to escape, whether it is dead or alive!" ”
The order was issued, and the herald urgently waved the flag to give the order. The fleet led by Su Cha Xiangqi was the weakest of the Qing army's naval divisions. There are not many boats, but it is still easy to turn around. However, because most of them are old-fashioned rush ships, they are slower, and they are far inferior to sail warships. Today happened to be the east wind, and those Qing warships were not as fast as the Mawei Army's fast sail warships. In a short time, fifty ships of the Japanese sailors were encircled.
"Fire!" The captains of each ship received the flag order and immediately gave the order to open fire.
"Tom Tom"
"Tom Tom"
"Tom Tom"
Under these three flanks, the fleet led by Su Cha Xiangqi was completely passively beaten. Similar to the Poyang Lake Naval Division's warships, they could not withstand several rounds of shelling by the Mawei warships at all, and less than 30 of the more than 50 warships remained, which can be seen as if half of them had been removed. Even the remaining half is full of holes and can't move. The Qing army on the Tianjin Navy Battleship of the Qing Army knew each other very well, and immediately raised the white flag and surrendered on its own initiative.
This battle was less than an hour, and fifteen of the more than 50 warships of the Tianjin Navy Division of the Qing Army sank to the bottom of the sea for the first time, and the other ten were severely damaged, and finally all of them sank to the bottom of the sea, and 1,400 sailors of the Tianjin Navy Division were reimbursed
"Look, what's that?"
"Fleet? Damn, what a fleet! It's a warship! ”
"How does it look like a Westerner fleet?"
"No, it's not Westerners, although they are all in the style of Western warships, but the flags are all blue tiger flags. It's Fujian's rebellious Mawei Navy! It's Geng who is coming! Quick, hurry up and inform the prince! "This banner of the Mawei Navy has long been familiar with the Qing army, and now the major forces can have sailors only these few families, and the Tiger Flag is too conspicuous! Such a big flag is floating, and you can see it clearly from afar.
The Qing soldiers patrolling the seaside immediately rushed back to report what they had observed, and soon, at the Dagukou Fort, such a sound rang out, and the soldiers who had observed the enemy situation in other directions also came back to report. Hearing the news, Prince Kang Jieshu, who rushed to see a large number of warships heading towards them from the clairvoyant mirror, immediately ordered the soldiers of the fort defenders to get ready, while he himself continued to look towards the mouth of the sea with the clairvoyant mirror. Mother, what a huge fleet! When I fought with the Taiwanese sailors before, there were more than 100 warships, but compared to the warships in front of me, the physique was simply weak! And the fleet in front of them feels so powerful, can they hold this Dagukou fort?
After receiving the order, the Seventh Squadron immediately dispatched five fourth-class warships to start approaching, the purpose was very simple, or to take advantage of the long range of its own artillery, ready to start a tentative bombardment of the Dagukou Fort, and then cover the intensive bombardment. Of course, the war must not be sloppy, and these five warships also moved forward cautiously, and the speed can be said to be very slow, until halfway through the road, they stopped. Through the telescope, the distance from the fort here is 1,200 meters, and the effective range is almost there, and when it reaches about a thousand meters, the artillery can be fired, and the Qing army basically can't hit them at that distance.
In the telescope, the number of batteries that can be seen is not very large, which is inconsistent with the intelligence obtained by the navy. The personnel of the intelligence department distributed in Tianjin will have the latest information sent to the south every few days, and Geng Jingzhong received information from this side in Jinling City ten days ago, but Prince Kang Jieshu continued to strengthen the fort and add cannons here, and the number of forts and cannons cannot be so small. Moreover, at this time, the warships could not move forward, there were iron chains in the river, and there were also many barrages in the river, and the navy had to remove these obstacles before continuing to advance.
For the removal of obstacles, the Navy training program also has this one, and soon, the first Hengjiang iron chain was removed, at this time the soldiers found that the Qing army was hidden in the reeds on both banks, and they were holding guns and rockets ready to shoot at the naval warship. The lifting gun is a heavy bird gun, about one zhang long and weighs more than 30 catties. The structure of this thing is exactly the same as that of a normal shotgun, but the charge, range, and lethality are far greater than that of a normal shotgun. Two people must be in charge of the launch, one of whom acts as a gun mount in front of him, resting the gun on his shoulder, and the other aiming and firing. The ships close to each other were really within range of their guns, and even those rockets were a threat to the sails of the ships.
It's just that the Qing army used fewer people to carry guns after all, and the gunners of the Mawei Army on both sides immediately began the first round of shelling. This first round of fires was not a solid bullet or a flowering bullet, it was a grapeball bomb, and the overwhelming bullets flew over, and the Qing troops hiding in the reeds fell to the ground in large numbers, followed by two rounds of grapeshot bombs, and the Qing army had few people on the shore, and the things in their hands could no longer pose a threat to the battleship.
Another hour passed, and the Mawei battleship had cleared most of the obstacles and entered the predetermined firing range, and was just about to make a rapid fire to determine the specific position, when Prince Kang, the commander of the Qing army at the Dagukou Fort opposite, had already ordered the guns of the fort to start firing. The Mawei Navy was really startled, thinking that the Qing court's artillery could reach the advanced artillery on their ship, but when they saw the shell falling into the water, the generals of the Mawei Seventh Fleet couldn't help but breathe a sigh of relief, and then there was a burst of sneer. Damn, where is the heavy artillery on the turret, it is far worse than the heavy artillery on their fourth-class battleship.
Immediately, a round of fire was also fired from the five fourth-rank battleships, although this time it was only a test, and nine out of nine of the shells sent out did not hit the battery, but they hit them all around. This moment frightened the Qing defenders. (To be continued......)
PS: Make up for the number of words owed yesterday today, 7,000 words, it's coming to an end, brothers give me support, thank you!