Tomorrow is 515, the anniversary of the starting point, and the day with the most benefits. In addition to the gift bag and school bag, this time's "515 Red Envelope Flip" must be seen, how can there be a reason not to grab the red envelope, set the alarm clock high~

The opening of Guizhou University also coincided with the timing of Lin Zhe's speech at the Great Morning Conference, taking advantage of the hadith of an educational power, the opening of Guizhou University caused a greater sensation than normal times, at least in the official view, the opening of Guizhou University is the best response to the hadith of an educational power.

And the opening of Guizhou University is not only the credit of Guiyang or the Guizhou Provincial Government, perhaps for Guizhou Province itself, it is these local officials who won this university back, but for the entire empire, the opening of this university is mainly the result of the labor of the Cabinet and the Ministry of Education.

The successful opening of Guizhou University represents a solid step forward in the development of higher education by the Ministry of Education.

Contemporary universities are not the same as in later generations, there is a certain university in any ravine and township, and the universities and higher normal schools in the contemporary empire are quite rare, and there are not many in the whole country, and it is extremely difficult to open a comprehensive university.

Sometimes the funding is a trivial matter, and the more important thing is the lack of enough and high-quality teachers!

Teachers in the basic education system can be teachers from primary normal schools, but after reaching higher secondary schools, the requirements for teachers are relatively high, and the talents trained by primary normal schools are simply not enough.

Generally speaking, the backbone teachers of higher secondary schools are usually graduates of domestic universities, and some less demanding courses can barely be filled by talents who have graduated from higher secondary schools.

However, when you arrive at a higher normal school or a comprehensive university, the requirements for teachers are even higher.

A university teacher in the early years of the empire. A considerable number of them are foreigners, well, until now, there are still a large number of foreign teachers in many universities in the empire, followed by the teachers trained by these universities themselves over the years, even if the so-called stay in school to teach.

But how to say it. Although in the contemporary empire, the social status and income of teachers are relatively high, the annual salary of an ordinary lecturer in a university can basically reach more than 1,000 yuan, and if it is a professor, the salary is even higher.

Why are salaries so high? On the one hand, in the early years, many of these professors were recruited in Europe, and the salary standard was basically given according to the price in the UK, and in addition, these universities had to compete with the government and those large enterprises for talents.

Nowadays, many college students who go to college have their first choice to become officials. The second is to enter those large enterprises, as for staying in school as a teacher, although the identity is relatively noble, but to be honest, when it comes to development prospects, it is better to work in the government or large enterprises, especially for those liberal arts students, basically all of them are rushing to be officials!

Therefore, it has created a phenomenon, that is, among college graduates. The proportion of science students who stay in school to teach is relatively large, and the number of people who enter enterprises is also relatively large. But the words of a liberal arts student. Basically, they went to politics.

This makes the Ministry of Education quite embarrassing, but fortunately, there is no shortage of liberal arts students for the empire, and there are a lot of traditional talents who can be said to be at will. Compared with traditional scholars, there is no essential difference between these liberal arts students who go to university, except that they will have a broader vision and understand some basic knowledge of science and technology.

These talents are naturally very important to a ruling class. After these high-quality liberal arts students enter politics, the overall quality of the imperial officials will be improved, otherwise, why would the imperial Ministry of Education train these liberal arts students who did not directly contribute to the industrial revolution.

How good it is to train all science students!

If a country wants to complete the industrial revolution and lay the foundation for strengthening the country and enriching the people, although those messy isms, philosophical theories and other things are very important, the real foundation is not these, the real foundation is scientific knowledge, and from the perspective of talents, science students are the foundation of industrialization.

Of course, some people will say that the industrialization of Europe is because of the Renaissance of the fourteenth century, but this theory is obviously the boast of those artists, and the industrialization of Europe was completed by guns and cannons, even if they want to find someone or event hundreds of years ago to thank them, they have to thank the Chinese for inventing gunpowder, and thank the Mongols for fighting Europe and bringing gunpowder over.

Otherwise, relying on Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, Da? Vinci's Mona Lisa, Dante's Divine Comedy, Europe will not be able to complete industrialization in another 10,000 years.

This argument is as if the reform and opening up of the Republic in the late 20th century was the credit of Li Bai and Du Pu!

Therefore, from a purely industrial point of view, liberal arts students are useless, but if you look at it from a broad perspective, liberal arts students are also indispensable.

Why? Because the officials of the ruling class are produced from these people.

Otherwise, you go through the resumes of those officials and see how many of them are from science and engineering!

And these can also be seen from the higher education system of the empire, all students who apply for history, national language, foreign languages and other subjects, after graduation, most of them go to take the state employee examination, and those who study physical chemistry or something, after graduation, either stay in school to teach and engage in research, or go to those large enterprises to engage in research, even if they go to politics, most of them go to some professional institutions, such as the Department of Mines and the Department of Railways.

Since the difference between these two types of students is relatively large, the empire is also treated differently!

How to treat it differently, it is the scholarship system.

At the beginning of high school in the empire, the tuition fee was extremely high, far more than ordinary families could afford, and at the university level, the tuition and other miscellaneous expenses added up to hundreds of yuan a year, not to mention ordinary families, even those high-income classes are unsustainable.

In modern times, if you have a salary of 500 yuan a year, it is a proper high-income class, at least a middle-level management in an enterprise, or a section chief in a state employee or something, and this money is just enough for a college student's annual expenses.

Tuition fees are high, and except for a very small number of families, most students who can be admitted to universities are basically unable to afford this tuition. Their tuition fees mainly came from three aspects, one was to borrow money from the local gentry and wealthy merchants, and usually, those gentry and wealthy businessmen would not refuse to befriend these promising prospective college students.

You must know that judging from the current number of universities in the empire, it is actually not more than the previous Ming and Qing dynasties. There are as few as a few dozen people in a province as many as two or three hundred people every year.

And in this case, many people call it funding, of course, it is said to be funding, but this money has to be exchanged, after all, it takes thousands of yuan after four years of college, and those gentry are also heartbroken with this money!

The second is to borrow from the bank, the Royal Bank has a special student loan, basically as long as you don't have too much bad luck. You can apply for student loans from the Royal Bank, although the Royal Bank is engaged in student loans to support education, but no matter what type or nature of the bank, it is a group of vampires, and the interest will not be less.

The last way is the Divine Scholarship, in the universities of the Empire. There are scholarships with different names, but these scholarships are extremely difficult. And most of them are biased towards science students.

Why?

Because there are many science students who stay in school and enter enterprises, and many university scholarships have restrictive conditions, these conditions often have additional conditions in addition to your personal quality, such as the Imperial University National History Scholarship, which is rarely specifically for students in the Department of Chinese Literature and History. There is only one condition for the issuance: that is, after graduation, you must stay in school to teach for more than five years, and those who originally planned to stay in school will naturally accept it, but it is difficult for those students who want to enter politics and enter the official career.

After five years of youth, they are all over thirty. If you still go to apply for the national employee exam, even if you pass, you won't have much to do in this life.

It is also the 'Navigation Scholarship' of Imperial University, which is jointly funded by several large shipbuilding enterprises in China, and students who apply need to meet several conditions, such as the discipline must be science and engineering, preferably mechanical, and then if you want to apply, you must also submit relevant design or thesis and other materials.

There are also restrictions on various other scholarships, and a few have no restrictions, but they are very difficult to apply, such as the royal scholarship provided directly by the royal family, which is directly available to all types of students, including liberal arts students.

However, this scholarship is nationwide, and there are no hard restrictions, so there are a lot of applicants, although the total number of people who can pass in the end is quite large, but the average number of people in each school and each department is pitiful.

Judging from the limitations and realities of these scholarships, liberal arts students, especially those who want to enter politics after graduation, are basically insulated from scholarships unless they are really outstanding and achieve the first place among thousands of people.

But even so, it can't resist the enthusiasm of domestic students for politics and officials!

What are you studying hard for more than ten years? What is the purpose of squeezing from thousands of people onto that single-plank bridge? It's not to be able to get ahead, but in an empire with a strong idea of officialdom, there is nothing better than being an official.

And this is also the reason why Imperial students are so keen on applying for military schools and Imperial Universities, applying for military schools and becoming officers, naturally they can be regarded as stepping into the official career, and if they apply for the Imperial University, everyone knows that Imperial University is a reserve base for young outstanding officials in the Empire, and in this very special institution of the Imperial Secretariat, nearly one-third of its new secretaries are from Imperial University.

Although the officials from the Imperial University are generally young, and the earliest ones who have entered the official career have not yet reached ten years now, there are many of them, and although they are young and their positions are not high, many of them are in low-level positions, and very importantly, they are numerous and young.

In recent years, there has been a so-called 'Imperial Family' within the civilian community, although these people do not have a clear factional organization, but the relationship between alumni makes them more closely connected than ordinary people, in addition to a very important feature.

That is, the officials from the empire basically took the national employee examination to enter, and most of them also served in the central government at the beginning, which was different from ordinary local officials, which also made it easier for them to get together, especially when they were sent to other places, most of the imperial officials who served in the same place would support each other.

Although the Imperial Department has not yet grown up. But it is very possible that he will later become a significant force in the political arena of the empire.

Speaking of the political factions of the empire, the politics of the empire, especially the politics of the civil bureaucracy, have not changed much in recent years, Lin Zhe is not a person who likes to go from day to night, he knows what to do and what to do. Therefore, although the governance of the past ten years seems to be indifferent and uneventful, in fact, it has been steadily advancing in accordance with Lin Zhe's plan.

The phalanx of governance is clear and stable, and the officials in charge of these policies will naturally not be removed and replaced, such as Xue Huan, who has been the prime minister of the cabinet for many years.

But the officials below see no sign of Xue Huan's resignation, and many speculate that he may stay in the position of prime minister for ten years.

In the early years, when the Organization Department formulated regulations for the evaluation of officials and the tenure of office. Lin Zhe personally set the term of office of cabinet officials, which is normally five years, and can serve for a maximum of two ten-year terms.

However, in most cases, a member of the Cabinet will not be able to serve in the same position for 10 years, for example, if you become a co-secretary of a ministry, you will officially enter the cabinet, but you will not be able to stay in the position of co-secretary for 10 years.

Under normal circumstances, after a certain number of years, he will be transferred to a certain ministerial or other ministerial position. It is also possible to be transferred to a province as governor.

Then you may be out and about for a few years, and then you will return to the cabinet as a minister. Then there are the Associate Cabinet Ministers and even the Prime Minister.

In other words, in fact, the mobility of many members of the cabinet is still relatively large, especially at the level of co-minister, which is a position that many high-ranking officials have to go around, so the term of office is usually not long, and there are very few who exceed five years. Three years is a long time, and even a year or two is more often seen.

In this kind of backlash, in fact, the term of office of cabinet members can only be ten years, because no one can serve in one position for ten years.

However, Xue Huan's position as the prime minister is different, this position is the first of the civilian officials. It's irrelevant, irretribution, for example, if you say that Xue Huan is moved now, what position will he be given? Ministers of other ministries or governors of provinces?

Neither!

If Xue Huan, who is already a supreme minister, is transferred to these positions, this is a naked insult to him, and Xue Huan will have no other way but to pay tribute to him.

When the official reaches the point of Xue Huan, unless he rebels and becomes the emperor, there is no further possibility, he will either make a mistake and be ousted, or he will always serve for ten years, and then return home to live in the sky.

And Xue Huan in the past few years, although occasionally there are some small mistakes that make Lin Zhe slightly dissatisfied, but he still has a good grasp of the general direction, what is the general direction?

The general direction is that Lin Zhe points to that, he fights that!

This person is much more peaceful than Bi Yutong back then, and he rarely does anything to form a gang after serving as prime minister, which is different from Bi Yutong's gang formation in the past, and his ability to handle affairs is quite strong.

Of course, the more important thing is that he is obedient!

For a powerful founding emperor like Lin Zhe, the talent or ability of the courtiers doesn't matter, anyway, few of the ministers who can climb to the cabinet are stupid, although some people are better, but for the emperor, this is not important.

The important thing is that these ministers do not listen!

Lin Zhe didn't want to face a group of ministers who were looking for fault with him everywhere, and they would do whatever they said, so it would be the best.

As for those who act as opposing voices, if they have some specific policies anyway from time to time, Jiang Daoquan alone is enough.

Speaking of Jiang Daoquan, this is a typical example of a conservative opposition official!

Usually he likes to criticize many policies of the empire when he has nothing to do, in addition to this, he has been the minister of education all the year round, he is very old among the many cabinet bigwigs in the empire, and his temper is stinky and hard, and he is the only one in the cabinet who dares to slap the table with those bigwigs in the military and scold those military generals for being a waste.

Every year in January, when the budget is in January, Jiang Daoquan is the person with the strongest combat effectiveness in the civilian clique, not to mention the boldness, and the level of knowledge of this person is also not to say, scolding people can make the generals of the military who call themselves Confucian generals angry to death.

This Jiang Daoquan is an evergreen tree in the imperial political arena, among the more than 20 cabinet members above the co-organizer minister, he has been in the cabinet for the longest time, and all of them do not move their nests, and they occupy the position of minister of education.

Many people are thinking that it is estimated that when Xue Huan steps down, this Jiang Daoquan can continue to bounce in the cabinet!

PS.5.15 "Starting Point" is raining red envelopes! Starting at 12 noon, grab a round every hour, and a large wave of 515 red envelopes depends on luck. You all go and grab it, and the starting coins you grabbed continue to subscribe to my chapters! (To be continued.) )