Chapter 729: Arms Race (6)
In Chongqing, the spring in May is warm and cold, the streets and alleys are bustling with pedestrians, and the newspaper and tea houses are overcrowded. As one of the earliest municipalities directly under the central government and one of the industrial centers in southwest China, Chongqing's changes over the years can be called the epitome of the development of the Republic of China. There are not many ordinary tiled houses in the city, trams crawl slowly along the winding hillside, and above the thoroughfare near the river, the country's first elevated light rail is under construction. To the west along the Qijiang River, there is an interprovincial highway paved entirely of asphalt and cement, which is the source of the Sichuan-Tibet Highway, and the road will be able to reach Lhasa directly in another year.
Chongqing's ability to lead the country, in addition to the industrious and self-improvement spirit of the Bashu people, is also due to the industrial rejuvenation plan from 1913. Today, Qijiang Industrial Zone has become a symbol of the entire southwest industry. Coupled with the advantages of geography and resources, various domestic research institutes have also been stationed in Sichuan and Chongqing, especially one-fifth of the research projects in the 3010 plan are here, driving the whole Sichuan to gradually transform from rough processing to technical advantage industries.
A Y-7 transport plane slowly landed on the tarmac of the Meteor Company. After the KC-2 was finalized five years ago, the Ministry of Defense, which is the largest user of the domestic aviation industry, also ordered 320 aircraft. But the C47-like transport aircraft failed to get more orders because the Air Force felt that the carrying capacity was still too small. In view of this situation, on the one hand, Airbus actively explores civilian customers, on the other hand, it is modified with the latest 1600 horsepower engine, and the fuselage is increased by 50 percent and the maximum load is increased to 4 tons under the condition of ensuring that the range remains unchanged, which is named KC-4 passenger aircraft, and the military code name is Yun-10.
The Y-10 and the Y-8 and Y-9 exhibited at the World Expo have completed their final tests at the Wolf Mountain base, but it will take half a year to equip them.
To the left of the airport, a series of three-storey buildings are spectacular, home to the Chongqing Research Institute of the National Aerospace Administration. The Aerospace Administration was suggested to Yang Qiu by Wang Zhu and others, and the national aerospace research institute established in 1930 in accordance with the NASA model of the United States. Based in Beijing, it is mainly responsible for wind tunnels and fluid mechanics research, because half of the country's wind tunnels are located in Chongqing. To save money, the Institute and Meteor use the same airport.
As soon as he got off the plane, Yue Peng saw that two four-engine large bombers in the hangar on the right were being slowly pulled out by the tractor, and behind them, there was a small plane that was so small that no propellers could be seen, but there was a big hole in the nose of the plane, which was also dragged out. Yue Peng swept around, saw Xue Muhua watching the plane, walked over and asked, "Muhua, what model is this?" ”
Xue Muhua has been discharged as the commander-in-chief of the Air Force as the deputy chief of general staff, but because he loves aviation, he always likes to run to several major airlines and research institutes when he has nothing to do, and his understanding of aerospace is far more familiar than Yue Peng. It's a small one, it's a turbojet, and the president will come to test it later. ”
"Jets, developed?" Yue Peng had seen the jet engine and aircraft project in the 3010 plan, and knew that this project had actually started after the advent of the twin Mustang engines in 1925, and it has been 10 years now. However, the development progress was not smooth, and many times it almost came to a halt due to problems such as material strength and high temperature and heat resistance.
Fortunately, the president and the Air Force attached great importance to jets, and when the early funds were insufficient, the Air Force once squeezed out military funds to support the project, and Yang Qiu even privately sponsored a large amount of research expenses. Seeing that the international situation is about to change dramatically, although a new weapon cannot change the outcome of the war, it can give the Air Force one more magic weapon to win, so Xue Muhua can be regarded as guarding the clouds and seeing the moon today. But what made him strange was that Xue Muhua was obviously not very happy, shook his head and sighed: "Heat resistance is still not good, the impeller creep phenomenon is serious, the fatigue resistance is very poor, and the life of a single engine is only 75 hours, which is not up to the combat standard." Turboprop engines and turboshaft engines are not even good at the main shaft, hey! I don't know if the nickel-chromium-titanium alloy, nickel-based alloy and cobalt-based alloy proposed by the president a few years ago can be made. Last time I went to the materials laboratory of Nankai University, they said that the nichrome-titanium alloy has some eyebrows, forget the rest, and I will go to see the situation after I am busy here. ”
Although Xue Muhua replied one sentence at a time, he didn't seem to pay attention to too many professional terms in his words. Fortunately, Yue Peng was also very smart, and he understood the meaning after a while. It turns out that jet engine impellers and other components have high requirements for materials, which must not only be heat-resistant, but also light and tough enough, and more than a dozen materials with different functions are required to build an engine. It is also known that in addition to turbojet engines, several companies and the Aerospace Administration are still developing a series of engines such as turbofans and turboshafts, but the latter ones are still in the experimental stage due to the high material requirements.
Xue Muhua loves flying deeply, and his whole person is devoted to the flying career, so when it comes to technology, Yue Peng can't interject, so he simply changes the topic and asks: "What about the president?" ”
"Wang Zhu took him to the wind tunnel area, and Principal Jiang also came." Xue Muhua knew that Yue Peng must have something to do, and after pointing out the direction, he said: "You go first, there is nothing to see here, and the test flight will not be until the afternoon." ”
Wind tunnel is an experimental facility that must be owned in the aerospace field, after 20 years of development, Chongqing has more than a dozen wind tunnels of different functions, Yue Peng arrived when the construction personnel were still busy, only to know after asking that with the turbojet engine into the installation experiment, the Aerospace Administration is ready to use five turbine engines to form the world's first wind tunnel that can exceed the speed of sound.
When he found Yang Qiu, he was wearing resin goggles, and Jiang Baili, Feng Ru, Qiu Heng and others carefully checked the wind tunnel test behind the glass, and Wang Zhu and Zhou Houkun and others also introduced a few words from time to time. "President." Yue Peng walked up, but before he could speak, he was interrupted by Yang Qiu raising his hand: "Wait." Anyway, it wasn't too important, so he also got goggles and watched the wind tunnel test.
The experiment was a new, elegantly shaped full-size fighter with a spindle-shaped sleek fuselage and a glass cockpit that arched like a bubble. As the wind speed increases, the special viscous ink on the fuselage gradually spreads to the entire fuselage with the movement of the wind direction. The red streamers attached to various parts of the fuselage also show all the air disturbances encountered by the aircraft during flight as the brackets move. At the same time, five high-speed cameras were aimed at the aircraft from multiple angles to provide video data for further research.
The aircraft is the crystallization of domestic aviation technology progress, developed by the Northern Raytheon Company, with a 1,250 horsepower water-cooled engine, two-stage supercharging and an in-cylinder methane ** system, which allows it to output 1,450 horsepower in an emergency. Integral fairing, four-bladed adjustable propeller, laminar flow wings, the wing and fuselage junction for the first time used edge strips to enhance maneuverability, but also the use of a newly designed air combat wing flap, self-enclosed fuel tanks, virtual computer-controlled shooting sights, high-pressure oxygen supply, airborne high-frequency radio and other new technologies, installation of two 25 mm cannons and four 12.7 mm machine guns, under the wing can also be mounted rockets and bombs. The most peculiar thing is that it adopts a wing overload protection design, that is, when the overload exceeds 9g, the wing will automatically break off to prevent the aircraft from being destroyed and killed due to too much overload.
In Yang Qiu's eyes, this fighter is comparable to the P51 Mustang Combat in terms of appearance and internal design, but it is slightly lacking in power like the early stage of the P51, but Raytheon has also left room for future upgrades. However, what he really cares about is that the use of so many new technologies and the use of curved streamlined fuselages that are more difficult to manufacture will inevitably increase the difficulty of manufacturing, and it is unknown whether the quantity will be satisfied.
So after the test, he immediately took off the goggles and handed them to the technician, turned his head to look at Wang Zhu and the others: "How many branches do you have now?" ”
Meteor company has a big business, and Yang Qiu attaches great importance to aviation, and several universities across the country have opened special aviation disciplines, so in recent years, technical talents have emerged in an endless stream, so that Wang Zhu and Zhou Houkun and others finally do not have to work design, and focus on company construction and future technology development. Through mergers and acquisitions over the years, the domestic aviation industry has initially formed a three-point situation, after hearing the inquiry, Wang Zhu took the lead in answering: "We have four manufacturing plants, namely Chongqing, Chita, Kunming and Mawei, and two engine factories, and only Chongqing and Chita can manufacture large aircraft." There are three Airbuses in Bayuzao, Xinyang, Changsha and Jiujiang, and one engine factory, and only Xinyang makes large aircraft. Raytheon also has three factories, Shenyang, Changchun and Tianjin, of which the Shenyang plant can make large aircraft and engines, and Hanyang can also provide them with engines. In addition, Mr. Skorsky has two aircraft factories in Chengdu and Guangzhou, Chengdu can build twin-engine bombers, and Guangzhou currently mainly manufactures seaplanes. ”
"If you were to produce at full capacity, how much do you think would be produced in a year?" Yang Qiu continued to ask. Jiang Fangzhen next to him pulled Yue Peng and muttered quietly: "Are you really going to do it?" ”
Yue Peng said quietly: "Germany's return to the Rhineland caused a shock to Britain and France, but for some reason they did not intervene, which encouraged Hitler to start desperately expanding the army. Italy entered North Africa, the Soviet Union expanded its military at an obvious rate, and GC International repeatedly made trouble in Eastern Europe, South America, northwest China and Spain, so I estimate that it will only be two or three years at most. ”
"Hehe, Versailles said that twenty years is really true." Jiang Fangzhen smiled and waited for Wang Zhu's answer.
The latter, who often travels back and forth between Europe and the United States, has already seen that the world situation is not good, so he calculated it in his heart before saying: "We have now adopted all the base hole system and standardization method you proposed, which can greatly reduce the production time." An Air Force J4 fighter is 3,500 man-hours, the Navy JZ3 fighter is 4,200 man-hours, the KC-2 transport aircraft is 12,000 man-hours, the Meteor-5 exhibited at the Expo is 32,000 man-hours, and the KC-3 is 31,000 man-hours. According to these man-hours, about 10,000 aircraft can be built per year in a normal three-shift shift. Standard parts can also be outsourced in an emergency, so 15,000 per year should not be a big problem. ”
Yang Qiu is not very satisfied, he can tolerate that shipbuilding is not as good as others, and the number of tanks is not as good as others, but aviation is not good! The battle in the sky is not enough to have a technical advantage, unless it is a generational difference. After all, in the parallel world, Zero War in the late stage of World War II was obviously inferior to its opponent in technology, but it was still able to achieve a lot of results. So I asked, "If I want to reach 50,000 planes a year, what do you think you need to prepare?" ”
Fifty thousand?!
This terrifying number startled Wang Zhu and the others, and even Jiang Baili and Yue Peng frowned. At this time, Feng Ru walked out, and he, the director of the Air Force Equipment of the Ministry of National Defense, often traveled across the country, so he knew better than Wang Zhu and others where the key to limiting aviation production capacity was. "President, I know a little bit about this." "Wait." Before the words began, Yang Qiu interrupted and asked Gu Yuwen to take out a thick notebook, and then took out a pen and waved his hand: "You say, I'll record it." ”
Taking this opportunity, Jiang Baili glanced sideways and found that the notebook was densely filled with various production figures, and some places even deliberately drew a line underneath, and listed the solutions next to it. It can be seen that under the circumstance that the war is already foreseeable, Yang Qiu's national inspection is actually the last survey of the manufacturing industry.
After he was ready, Feng Ru began to introduce: "There are a total of 72 factories in the country that can produce aviation parts, and 15,000 aircraft per year can be done after the standard parts are contracted." If there is a year of training and capacity expansion, 20,000 aircraft is not a problem, so the main problem is still the final assembly, engine, senior engineering and production equipment of four! Let's start with advanced engineers, because most of the aircraft we build are already all-metal aircraft, and the models are getting bigger, and some parts like the wings, fuselage midsection, bulletproof layer, and landing gear need to be molded as much as possible in one pass to ensure that they are strong. However, molding, casting, precision parts and engine manufacturing require a large number of high-level workers, and we are still very short of this aspect compared to Europe and the United States. The second is manufacturing equipment, at present, all aircraft factories already have 5,000 tons of molding machines, aluminum alloy extrusion and forging machines, but more than 10,000 tons of equipment for manufacturing large aircraft is insufficient, the three major companies each have only one, to build a large aircraft, each must add a few more.
My idea is that if we can train senior workers from this year, and the equipment is in place within two years, 3 to 40,000 will definitely be no problem, and it depends more on whether the factory can extrude production capacity in terms of management and operation, and secondly, it depends on whether the transportation of outsourcing parts is on time, the supply of raw materials, and finally the reduction of aircraft models as much as possible. ”
Yang Qiu recorded quickly, secretly calculating in his heart. To put it mildly, based on 35,000 aircraft per year, it is 140,000 aircraft in four years, which is about the same as the Soviet-German production in the parallel world. Of course, the high production of the Soviet Union was also due to external support and the use of a large number of wooden canvas pieces. The output of alloys such as aluminum and titanium on its side has gradually increased, so it is not necessary to reverse the car to increase production. However, there is still a big gap between this number and the nearly 300,000 planes in the United States, because of the late mobilization in the United States, it is actually only three years, that is, the scale of nearly 100,000 planes per year.
Of course, the lack of workers and equipment cannot blame the enterprise for not being prepared, after all, the enterprise is mainly profitable, and no one will hoard tens of thousands of equipment and workers in the case of thousands of aircraft orders every year.
But having said that, in less than 30 years, it is no regret to bring the aviation industry of a country that is full of white dings and even what an airplane is to be comparable to Germany, as for whether it can be strengthened in wartime, it needs to look at the actual situation after the mobilization of the country, after all, no one knows how powerful the energy after the mobilization of the whole country is, so Feng Ru and Wang Zhu and others can not predict.
"So be it." Yang Qiu thought about it and said: "Feng Ru, the matter of worker training and adding equipment will be done according to what you say, and after going back, draw up a list, write clearly which equipment needs to be strengthened, the cost of training and the number of machinery and equipment, all training costs will be borne by the Ministry of National Defense, and I will find a way to subsidize you from foreign trade for the remaining part of the basic salary for three more years." ”
Hearing him say this, Wang Zhu and the others breathed a sigh of relief. They are afraid that with only a few thousand orders and several times more personnel, this will completely paralyze the three major companies that are in the period of expansion and growth. Now it's all about military spending, and with an additional three years of basic salary, they just need to take in people and machinery when the time comes. Feng Ru also readily agreed, and promised to arrange these things as soon as possible.
After solving the difficulties of the expansion of the aviation manufacturing industry, everyone continued to walk to the next wind tunnel. The second test target was not a fixed-wing aircraft, but a helicopter jointly developed by Meteor and Sikorsky. The helicopter looks somewhat ugly, somewhat resembles the American S-51, the former ... Fixed wheels, still with a 9-cylinder star-piston engine, can carry up to two pilots and three passengers. Listening to Wang Zhu, this helicopter has not yet been named, and only two test flights have been carried out, and the problem is still in the heat resistance of the spindle material, so he doesn't know when it will be successful.
Wang Zhu felt quite guilty when he said these words, after all, Yang Qiu had asked people to send a large number of top-secret drawings for helicopters, and it was really unreasonable to get a few test planes that could not be equipped at all after so many years. But Yang Qiu didn't care, in this era when slow-speed piston planes ruled the sky and the density of anti-aircraft machine guns and anti-aircraft guns was terrifying, helicopters on the battlefield were similar to delivering food, so it was best to build them, and if they couldn't be built, they should be regarded as reserve technology.
After visiting the wind tunnel, Wang Zhu and others took Yang Qiu to visit the laboratory of turbojet and turboprop engines, and when they learned that because of material problems, the life of turbojet engines was only 75 hours, and the life of turboprop engines was only 25 hours. Without an engine with a 300-hour life, it is simply not worth equipping it immediately.
Nickel-based alloys, niconium-in-titanium alloys, cobalt-based alloys!
Yang Qiu's heart was full of bitterness, the material technology was indeed too torturous. Because of the weak foundation in China, most of the first 20 years were waiting for the results of compulsory education, and it was not easy to pick up a group of talents and start the 3010 plan, but after all, it was not as good as Europe and the United States, which had developed for a hundred years. What's even more unfortunate is that there are no ready-made high-temperature alloy products in the world, and the jet engine research of various countries is all stuck in this difficulty.
In the parallel world, nickel-based alloys were not invented in Britain until 1939, nickel-chromium-titanium alloys appeared in the United States in 1942, and cobalt-based alloys did not appear until 1945. The three alloy materials that laid the foundation of the jet age have not appeared so far, and countries are trying to break through the nodes, so their own advantages in this regard are really small.
After seeing his helplessness, Qiu Heng leaned over: "Don't worry, the president, before I came out, Yu Dawei had already led someone to use Xingchen No. 1 to sort the formula of the alloy material, and he said that the materials laboratory of Nankai University has found some ways, as fast as one year, slow as two years, and will definitely find the right formula." ”
"What? Can computers still study alloys? Jiang Baili asked curiously.
Qiu Heng explained: "It's not a research, it's a list of experimental materials first, and a computer is used to sort the formula proportions. Then it can be sent to laboratories across the country, and more human resources can be used to conduct experiments one by one according to the ranking table, so as to avoid the trouble of repetition and calculation, and the speed can be several times faster. ”
"And this good thing? President, if you don't want to produce a few more computers, the price is not expensive anyway. Jiang Baili's suggestion made Yang Qiu nod, although it was a very primitive tube computer, but the aspects of operation and sorting can indeed save a lot of time, so after explaining that Qiu Heng also placed one in Chongqing, he led the team to the airport to watch the test flight.
There were a total of three planes on the test flight, and the first two were four-engine large bombers. Airbus came up with a model similar to the B24, but with a 1,600 horsepower engine, the fuselage is thicker, the wings are larger, and the magazine is much larger because the Ministry of Defense requires special ammunition to be installed. This time, the Meteor Company used a tall single vertical tail design similar to the B17, which resulted in enough bomb load, but the range was not as good as the former, so Wang Zhu's face was obviously not good, and it could be seen that he had realized that on the four-shot long-range bomber, his good friend had taken the lead this time.
This kind of competition is what Yang Qiu is willing to see, not to mention that both aircraft are currently in the test flight stage, and there is still a lot of work to be done in the future.
The next jet experiment is the highlight, this short, stubby-like test plane jointly developed by the three major airlines and the Aerospace Administration, although ugly, but very significant. Yang Qiu did not dare to slack off, because the United States and Germany were already secretly developing jet planes, and if the leakers would definitely go all out, I am afraid that they might even surpass themselves, so after the plane landed, they immediately proposed to transfer the jet test to the more secret Wolf Mountain Comprehensive Base.
Due to the intensive itinerary, there were too many problems that needed to be inspected and solved, so Yang Qiu immediately took a train to inspect the construction of the Chengdu-Kunming Railway after observing the test flight. It wasn't until he was about to drive that he remembered that Yue Peng had traveled thousands of miles to find him, and asked, "That's right." Zi'an, what are you looking for me? ”
"This is the news I just received." Yue Peng sorted out the information from his pocket: "The morning before yesterday, in retaliation for the murder of its own officers, the Spanish Left Alliance kidnapped and killed right-wing parliamentarian Sotero on the street. ”
"Sotro, who is it?" After Jiang Baili retired from the position of president of the National Defense University, he was hired by Yang Qiu as a military adviser to the president, but he had been absent from the General Staff for too long, so he was relatively unfamiliar with foreign political figures, and only knew that the Spanish Left Alliance was controlled by the Soviet Union, and the right wing had a deep relationship with Germany and Italy. Yue Peng explained to him: "Sotro is a right-wing radical who often attacks the Left Alliance in Congress, accusing them of being a lackey of the Soviet Union. He was also a member of the Falangist Party, which had deep ties with Mussolini and Hitler, so General Franco had already begun to reorganize his troops and said that he would avenge him. ”
"These guys are really lawless, even the parliamentarians killed, isn't this a deliberate destruction of the republican system?" Jiang Baili was not angry, this chaos reminded him of the scene of the betrayal of the Bolsheviks after February.
Yue Peng looked very open: "It is not our turn to take care of the affairs of Spain, and even if we go, it will cause hostility in Europe to us, and I am here this time for the affairs of those Jewish non-commissioned officers." Yan Baohang meant that Moscow had recently recruited volunteers from all over the world to support the Left Alliance at any time, and that civil war was on the verge of breaking out, so it was suggested that we put back the Jewish non-commissioned officers in our hands. ”
"Let them go to the Spanish Civil War?" In Yang Qiu's words, the train shook and slowly drove out of the platform.
Yue Peng took the teacup from the guard's hand, nodded and said, "Jin Bihui sent back the news that Hitler had hinted to the middle and lower-level officers that he wanted to interfere in Spain's internal affairs, and he was also going to send Goering to Spain to cheer up Franco. Therefore, Yan Baohang predicted that once the civil war broke out, Germany and Italy would inevitably enter the war! The Jews had a bad relationship with Hitler, and Stalin took advantage of this to send a number of Jewish officers to Spain. At that time, there were more than 3,000 Jewish non-commissioned officers and students, and they are currently training in Mongolia. If they all go back, the Zionist power will inevitably grow stronger than ever. Yan Baohang meant to find an excuse to send them to Spain for exercise after the Spanish Civil War began, and then find a way to tell Hitler the news and specific location, so as to take the opportunity to curb the Zionist movement. ”
"This Yan Baohang is darker than Chen Haohui!" Jiang Baili's eyes were bright, and he slapped his thigh fiercely.
Yang Qiu was also a little surprised by Yan Baohang's eyes. In order to win over the Jewish consortium to engage in the United States, he promised to accept non-commissioned officers, and although he later used various excuses to reduce the quota, he had accumulated more than 3,000 people in the past ten years. These people are not ordinary people, once they go back, they will inevitably strengthen the power of Zionism, if it leaks to the ears of Arab countries, the Sino-Arab relations that have been established at present will seriously regress, so they have never thought of a good way to deal with this group of people, so they can only find an excuse to detain them in the country. But long-term detention is not an option, and the Jewish group has been demanding his release.
It was originally the most annoying thing, but he didn't expect that Yan Baohang was actually ready to use the Spanish Civil War, take advantage of the hatred of Jews and Nazis, and use the hand of Germany to eliminate them. However, this matter must be operated carefully, and if it is leaked, it will inevitably cause a sensation, so the three of them discussed it for a long time, and then decided to wait for the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, send them there, and then find an opportunity to induce German submarines or bombers to kill them with men and ships......
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