What lessons does the Hawaii crisis teach us? ”

When the words sounded in the empty office, Tang Haoran walked in front of the big globe, gently rotated the globe with his hand, and finally pressed his finger on the position of Hawaii. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

The "Hawaii crisis" was over, and despite some turmoil, it did not lead to a real crisis -- as in history, the majority of members of the U.S. Congress, as well as the president, did not approve of the coup d'état in Hawaii, and after its own intervention, the United States abandoned its support for the diaspora in the face of a complicated situation.

The problem seems to have been resolved, and the interests of the authorities have been preserved. Tang Haoran even believed that tomorrow's newspapers would use a large special issue to report on this "significant" victory, and if there was any characteristic of Dong-A Ribao, which was the mouthpiece of the Northeast authorities, it was that under Tang Haoran's "guidance," it gave full play to its role in guiding public opinion, and it was not much different from the newspapers full of praise in later generations.

This is indeed a victory, with a weak national strength against a strong country but maintaining basic interests, Hawaii, which was once about to be annexed by the Americans, continues to maintain its independence with the intervention of China, it seems that in the history of the late Qing Dynasty, there is no more "great" diplomatic victory, but when others cheered, Tang Haoran saw a lesson.

Although Tang Haoran was convinced that the handling of the "Hawaii Crisis" had been recognized by the foreign powers for the diplomacy of Northeast China to a certain extent, and had also won praise from all walks of life in China, his own prestige would be greatly enhanced by "confronting foreigners." But what Tang Haoran hopes is that he can seriously sum up his experience internally, rather than drifting up because of a few beautiful words.

"I think the first thing should be the lag of intelligence!"

Faced with the question of the marshal, Rong Shangqian, as the chief of the Navy Department, was silent for a moment, and then continued,

"Judging by the current intelligence. As early as last Christmas, the US expatriates began to plan the coup d'état, but our intelligence agents failed to obtain this information, which is really a failure of intelligence work. ”

Rong Shangqian's words made Li Muchen's face change slightly, as the person in charge of the intelligence system of the Governor's Palace, Rong Shangqian's words were undoubtedly equivalent to directly hitting him in the face. Although he always had that harmless smile on his face, in the face of Rong Shangqian's accusation, his eyelids still jumped slightly, his fists were clenched first, and then he loosened, and the humble smile appeared on his face again.

What Chief Rong said is extremely true, for this "Hawaii crisis", the intelligence bureau will be directly responsible for its work mistakes! ”

Although he had a humble smile on his face when he spoke, anyone could hear the dissatisfaction in his words.

"Responsibility?"

The words of his subordinates made Tang Haoran stunned. Only then did he realize that they had obviously misunderstood what they meant, and indeed for the Chinese people, when they mentioned lessons and lessons, the first thing that came to mind was responsibility, rather than summing up experience in the real sense, and it was precisely because of this that the so-called summing up of experience would eventually become a formality -- no one wanted to offend each other.

"Now we're not talking about responsibility. If we talk about responsibility, the responsibility lies with the Governor's Palace. It's my personal ......"

In one sentence, taking all the responsibility on himself, Tang Haoran stared at the two people in front of him, and his words were full of knocking.

"Now we are talking about how to summarize the problems exposed in this crisis, so as to avoid exposing the same problems in the next crisis! Yuanyou,"

stared at Li Muchen, the student he brought out from the Tongwen Pavilion a few years older than himself. Tang Haoran asked bluntly.

"Since the crisis has exposed the lag in intelligence gathering, you tell me, what is the intelligence bureau going to do? How to solve the fact that intelligence work is lagging behind? ”

The teacher's words made Li Muchen's mind tighten, and it wasn't until this that he remembered that the most disgusting thing for teachers was shirking responsibility and blaming each other. Perhaps Rong Shangqian's summary mentioned the mistakes of intelligence work, but that is only one of them, and it should indeed be ranked first, because his reaction was too intense.

Li Muchen, who realized his mistake, hurriedly replied.

"What the teacher said is extremely ......"

Li Muchen's words still launched a close acquaintance, maybe Rong Shangqian, the director of the navy, is from a group of young children in the United States that Tang Haoran trusts, but Li Muchen is a student of Tang Haoran.

"The reason for the mistake in intelligence work this time is that the bureau neglected Hawaii, and at this point, the bureau should collude more with the intelligence section of the Navy Department, after all, overseas work is bound to need the support of the navy, and at the same time, overseas intelligence work is also very problematic with the overall strategic layout of the navy. Hawaii and the South Seas, which are key areas of interest, are second-class intelligence areas......"

Although Li Muchen's rebuttal made Rong Shangqian, who was originally just talking about the matter, quite dissatisfied in his heart, but after hearing his remarks, he still couldn't help but nod his head in agreement, in fact, although the Navy Department now has an intelligence department, it is limited to collecting intelligence from public information, although he studied mining in the United States, but his experience in the Harbour Master School and the Nanyang Naval Division and the Beiyang Naval Division makes him no stranger to the Navy, and naval intelligence collection is completely different from other work. It is more specialized and requires professional naval officers to act as intelligence officers, but when there is a shortage of naval officers, all he can do is to collect information on the navy and naval technology development of the country where he is studying abroad through the navy's expatriate students.

Now Li Muchen's regional division has given Rong Shangqian a hint, perhaps there are not many professional naval officers in the Navy Department, but it is still possible to send a few naval officers to Britain, Germany, and Russia, and they can have more contact with the navies of various countries, especially the technical intelligence of the navy, compared with the international students in the school.

The plan put forward by Li Muchen also made Tang Haoran nod his head with deep understanding, this is precisely the difference between the intelligence work in later generations and this period, the intelligence work in this period is more random and temporary, while the intelligence work in later generations is long-term, and the intelligence division is the inevitability of long-term intelligence work, and the key areas are naturally "focused on care", which is also the reason why the intelligence bureaus of various countries set up relevant outer rooms.

However, Tang Haoran did not take the initiative to give a warning, but waited for Li Muchen to come up with a specific plan, and then guided the structure of the intelligence bureau, and now the focus is on summing up the experience of the "Hawaii crisis."

"In addition to the neglect of intelligence work, the second thing that needs to be paid attention to is the lag in intelligence transmission, of course, this is more of a lag at the technical level."

After Li Muchen explained his intelligence sub-regional division, Yung Shangqian continued his previous conclusion, which may be the difference between him and Li Muchen, who was longer in technology than he was, and even worked in Beiyang Mining as a mining engineer when he was in the Unified Supervision Office. And every engineer who works in technology is better at summarizing lessons learned than people in other industries.

"The American expatriates staged a coup d'état on January 18, with the support of the U.S. minister, the Marines, and armed sailors, and Lahaina received the news the next day, and after receiving this information, first of all, the consul abroad did not urge the Beiyang Fishery to send a ship to send the news home, because it was accustomed to delivering the parcel by regular refrigerated ship, and of course, it also considered the Pacific Express, but because the mail ship left on the day of the coup, and the next mail ship was 20 days later, so the message could not be delivered. This is precisely the reason why the American expatriates chose this day to carry out the coup d'état -- because there was no telegraph, and when the other country learned of the coup, it had already taken control of Hawaii, and if there had been a telegraph connecting the country, it would not have been a month and a half before we could have received the news......

Connecting the domestic telegraph ...... Rong Shangqian's words made Tang Haoran's brows furrow, although the Atlantic has already been laid with a telegraph, but the more blank the Pacific telegraph cable is, whether it is China to the United States to generate electricity, or the United States to China to generate electricity, it needs to be sent to London or Paris first, and then sent to the United States through the Atlantic submarine cable, as for the Pacific telegraph cable, in the past ten years, only existed in the boast of investors from various countries, because of technical and financial reasons, Historically, the first submarine cable in the Pacific Ocean was laid by Britain in 1902, and the United States did not lay a second cable in the Pacific until 1905 in response to the Japanese threat. That's how messaging in the Clippers era was solved.

Laying a Pacific submarine cable?

As soon as this thought popped up in Tang Haoran's heart, he immediately dispelled this thought, and the reason why he dispelled this thought was very simple - money! The Pacific submarine cable is different from the Atlantic cable, its laying length is as much as 14,000 kilometers, not to mention the various technical problems faced by such a long-distance submarine cable laying, the investment required for 14,000 kilometers of submarine cable alone is an astronomical amount, whether it is the United Kingdom or the United States laying the Pacific cable, in addition to domestic investors, there is the shadow of the government, especially the United States cable is responsible for cable laying by the United States Navy, as well as the maintenance of cable stations along the way.

Maybe squeeze it, maybe you can afford this investment, but now the Northeast needs more money, such a large investment, even enough for a year's industrial investment in the Northeast, under the weighing of pros and cons, Tang Haoran naturally will not put forward a proposal to lay cables to solve communications, but ...... Why do you have to consider cable telegraphy?

Since laying submarine cables is so cumbersome, why not consider wireless telegraphy?

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